The great poet and thinker of the Turkmen people Magtymguly Fragi has been glorifying the Turkmens with his immortal work and name itself for about three hundred years. Enduring authority of the poet, his place in the historical, socio-political and cultural life of the nation. Magtymguly established himself in the soul of the people with the highest confession of eternal spiritual and moral values, firmly entered their consciousness as a guide that unmistakably determines what is good and evil in life, and became an unquenchable light in the eyes of Turkmens.
The poetic-philosophical heritage of Magtymguly forever entered the depths of the hearts of the people as a song about high love for the Almighty, the Motherland, man, nature and life itself. And therefore it is not enough to study and consider the work of Fraga only from the point of view of literature and the artistic word. He is a poet-thinker who developed philosophical thought in his literary works, illuminated the artistic consciousness, eloquently described the secular life of not only the Turkmen people, but also the peoples of the world. Subtly uniting the philosophical views peculiar to man about the world, humanity, Motherland and love, relying on the most perfect ways of thinking, Makhtumkuli penetrated deeply into the soul of a person and forever remained in people's memory.
Being a world-class master of words, Magtymguly is, first of all, the national poet of the Turkmen people. Nothing compares to the love and warmth that he felt for his native people. But it was precisely the selfless love for the Motherland and his people, deep reflections related to his fate that brought Makhtumkuli beyond the national framework, turning him into a poet of all mankind. For a person who loves his people is able to love other peoples, a person who does not drop his dignity is able to raise the authority of another person highly. The philosophical views of the poet about the world, man, life, revealed at one time to his compatriots, his instructions on the spiritual improvement of society and people are the result of this immense love for his people. Magtymguly called on his contemporaries and the people to comprehend what is the key to a just society and a happy life, to look into the root of everything that is happening. He directed people to spiritual perfection, self-knowledge and self-awareness as a nation.
The great poet, who dreamed of his people living a peaceful and peaceful life, was educated, developed his culture, left his compatriots a wonderful poetic legacy filled with wisdom and the warmest feelings. Polished, deep thoughts in these wonderful verses, directed to the future, meet the spiritual needs of not only the Turkmen people, but of all mankind. That is why the significance of Magtymguly's poetic heritage, having gone beyond the national framework, has become an integral part of world literature, a worthy contribution to the intellectual treasury of mankind.
Today, Fraga's work gives spiritual pleasure not only to the Turkmen people, but also to other peoples of the world. At the same time, the poet's work reflects universal human life problems. It is for this reason that his beautiful poems, sounding like a song on the lips and absorbed by the memory like wisdom, have been translated and are being translated into dozens of languages of the world.
Makhtumkuli is a spiritual healer of the human soul. Poems of the poet, having not lost their significance through many centuries and generations, are popular due to the instructions contained in them, which act on the heart like a balm, inspire souls and have the most favorable effect on people. His poems are medicine for desperate hearts, strength for tired bodies, spiritual wing for the discouraged. That is why our people have always treated Magtymguly as a healer, able to cure the ailments that appear in the days of resentment, worries and sadness. Like a balm, like a drug, the words of a poet in any era purify the soul of everyone, young and old, awaken love for this beautiful world, humanity and life, raising the spirit of the people high, ensuring the spiritual health of the entire Turkmen society. Indeed, Magtymguly's poems heal a person like the life-giving water of a mountain spring. These poems are pure as the morning air. They, like the fragrance of a flowering garden, delight the human soul. Excite, acting on every cell of the body, like a gentle, melodic, soothing heart music dutar. In a word, Magtymguly's poems are a spiritual drug that contains all the good things that are necessary for human health.
The era in which Magtymguly lived was very difficult and tense. Fragi is a great personality, formed in the abyss of strong shocks and various kinds of circumstances. He is an outstanding person, a connoisseur of the universe, who understands the positive and negative aspects of society, life and people, who has fully mastered the secular and religious scientific achievements of mankind, and has passed the steps of spiritual perfection. The thinker Makhtumkuli called on the Turkmens scattered at that time in different parts of the globe, who did not have a single state, to prosperity, harmony and national unity. The greatness of Magtymguly lies in the fact that he was one of the first to consider all the scattered Turkmens to be a single nation and promoted this.
The youth of the poet coincided with the reign of the Afshar Turkmen, and the time when he proved himself to be an outstanding poet-thinker coincided with the reign of the Qajar Turkmen. Of course, the Afshar and Qajar rulers were Turkmens. But both the Turkmen people and Magtymguly were dissatisfied with them, as they did not care enough about the national interests of the Turkmens. Therefore, it was difficult to call these states the national Turkmen powers that Makhtumkuli and the people dreamed about. Therefore, Fragi, saying: “I have many ailments because of the country and years,” openly expressed his attitude to the era. In such a difficult and difficult time, Magtymguly was looking for a way for the "happy fate" of the people and "achievement of endless spring." Even when he traveled in Bukhara or Khiva, in Afghanistan or in India, in Romania or in some other country, “went from end to end”, all his thoughts and worries were about the Turkmen land, his people and his fate.
In the 18th century, there was a big contradiction for the implementation of the main social thought of Magtymguly - "unification of the Turkmen tribes." In this century, each Turkmen tribe was looking for its own way, there was a strong discord between the tribes. The absence of a national Turkmen state, the search for protection by these tribes in different places aggravated the disagreement, further separated them from each other. There were quite a few deliberately acting forces who wanted to sow confusion among the Turkmens. And at that time, the thinker Makhtumkuli repeatedly repeated that the biggest enemy of the people is disunity, a common understanding is needed, the unification of all tribes, serving one goal and a single state. He tried to bring to mind his “beautiful people” that it is necessary to fight for the formation of a single Turkmen nation, a strong and indestructible Turkmen state, only then “there will be a happy fate for the Turkmens”, only then no force will resist the people and the state:
Tribes live as one family,
One tablecloth is spread out for toy,
A high share is given to the Fatherland,
And the granite melts before the troops of Turkmenistan.
This idea of Magtymguly is clear and close to everyone. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, this poem served as a national anthem for the Turkmen people. But how to bring this bright dream to life in order to unite the divided people behind one dastarkhan? To do this, the poet-thinker put forward the idea - everyone should “look into the mouth” and unite around one leader. No matter how difficult and hopeless situations the poet was in, he never lost faith in the happy future of his people.
The greatest merit of Magtymguly Fragi before the Turkmen people is his struggle for unity and condemnation of discord. For a long time, many generations of the Turkmen people have been brought up and are being brought up on its lesson of unity. Life proved the veracity of the bright ideas of Makhtumkuli, who dreamed of a powerful state.
Today, the happy future that the poet-thinker wished for his people has become a reality. Now independent neutral Turkmenistan is known on the map of the globe as a country of peace and harmony.
The Turkmen people, who believe that unity is a great miracle, will always be grateful to Magtymguly. The bright ideas of the great poet, his wise instructions and lessons will always be important for the further strengthening of the power and prosperity of our Fatherland. In a new historical era - the era of power and happiness of the Turkmen state - the authority of Makhtumkuli is increasing, the demand for his far-sighted thoughts and philosophical views, which, having turned into a universal value, are the spiritual foundation of our modern society.
President of Turkmenistan
Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV
Magtymguly is a Turkmen poet, a classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.
Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Göklen Turkmen lived. The Makhtumkuli family belonged to the tribe of the Kyshyk of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers. In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he placed this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.
He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry. In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate. In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana. Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.
In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs. In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.
Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.
Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.
After 1760 and until his death, Makhtumkuli traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.
Magtymguly changed the Turkmen poetic language to a large extent, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.
Makhtumkuli
Makhtumkuli (مخدومقلی فراغی, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Magtymguly Pyragy, real name, Fragi- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - about 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.
Biography
Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Göklen Turkmen lived. The Magtymguly family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.
In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he placed this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.
He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.
In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.
In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana.
Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.
In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs.
In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.
Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.
Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.
After 1760 and until his death, Makhtumkuli traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.
Magtymguly changed the Turkmen poetic language to a large extent, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.
Memory
- Turkmenistan annually celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi on May 18, which is a day off.
- In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
- In 1991, a commemorative coin of the USSR dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
Monuments
Monuments of Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv and Astrakhan).
File:Magtymguly heykeli std.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat
File:MagtymgulyPyragy.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
File:Magtymguly monument in Kiev, Ukraine..jpg| Fragi in Kyiv, Ukraine.
File:Magtymguly monument in Astrakhan.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Astrakhan, Russia.
File:Magtymguly tomb1.jpg| Mausoleum of Magtymguly in Iran.
File:Monument to Makhtumkuli in Khiva.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Khiva, Uzbekistan.
File:MagtymgulyKrasnovodsk.JPG| Monument to Magtymguly in Turkmenbashi.
Toponymy
- Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
- Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
- The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and in a number of smaller cities of Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR are named after Makhtumkuli.
Institutions and organizations
- There is a street in honor of Makhtumkuli in Astana (Kazakhstan)
- The Turkmen State University is named after Makhtumkuli.
- Institute of Language and Literature named after Magtymguly.
- National Music and Drama Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
- Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
- Magtymguly Youth Organization.
- Library them. Magtymguly in Kyiv.
Other
- Since 1992, the Magtymguly International Prize in the field of the Turkmen language and literature.
- Orchestral composition by Veli Mukhadov - Symphony "In Memory of Magtymguly" (1974)
- In honor of the great Turkmen poet, the month of May of the Turkmen calendar was named "makhtumkuli" (Magtymguly aý)
In numismatics
File:Soviet Union-1991-Coin-1-Magtymguly.jpg| Commemorative coin 1 ruble of the USSR with the profile of Makhtumkuli (1991)
File:10 manat. Turkmenistan, 2009 a.jpg| Banknote of 10 manats of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009)
Translations into Russian
- Makhtumkuli. Favorites. M. Hood. Literature 1983. 414 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
- Makhtumkuli. Soviet writer, B. P., Leningrad branch. 1984. 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
- I hear the voice of a friend. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Translation by Naum Grebnev, Ashgabat, "Turkmenistan" 1985
Literary name of Fragi (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Poems about the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion, with a call to unite the warring ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
MAKHTUMCULI- (pseudo. Fragi) (c. 1730-80s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Son of D. Azadi. More than 10 thousand lines of his poems have been preserved. poems, vols. 1-2, Ashkh., 1983 (in Turkmen language); Izbr., M., 1983; Poems, L., 1984. Makhtumkuli. ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary
MAKHTUMCULI- (nickname - Φragi) (born around 1730 - died in the 80s of the 18th century) - Turkmen. poet and thinker. Philos. M.'s views were formed under the influence of Nizami, Saadi, Navoi, Rudaki and Nesimi. Adherence to Islam was combined with M. with sharp criticism of obscurantism and ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
MAKHTUMCULI Modern Encyclopedia
MAKHTUMCULI- (literary name of Fragi) (c. 1730-80s) Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Lyrical poems about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion; opposed the reactionary ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Makhtumkuli- (literary name of Fragi) (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Lyrical poems of various genres, among which stands out the tragic cycle about being in Iranian captivity and about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion. ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Makhtumkuli- MAKHTUMKULI (lit. name of Fragi) (c. 1730–80s), Turkm. poet and thinker. Son of the poet Azadi. Lyric. poems of different genres; tragic stands out. cycle about staying in iran. captivity and the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion; pl. poems… … Biographical Dictionary
Makhtumkuli- (real name; pseudonym Fragi) (years of birth and death unknown), Turkmen poet of the 18th century. Son of the poet Azadi. He studied at the Shirgazi Madrasah in the city of Khiva. He knew well the literature and folklore of Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran; lot… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
MAKHTUMCULI- (Fraghi) (born around 1730, died in the 80s of the 18th century) Turkm. poet and thinker. M.'s worldview was formed under the influence of Rudaki, Nizami, Firdowsi, Saadi, Navoi, and others. M.'s adherence to Islam was combined with sharp criticism of obscurantism and greed ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
MAKHTUMCULI- (c. 1733, the village of Haji Govshan, now the stop of Mazandaran, Iran, c. 1783, the village of Ak Tokay, in the same place), Turkm. poet and thinker, founder of the Turkmen. lit. language and written literature. Information about life is scarce. He studied at the Hala Cha Madrassah, Bukhara, Khiva. Lived ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia
Books
- Makhtumkuli. Poems , Makhtumkuli , This edition of the works of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the XVIII century. Magtymguly aims to give as complete an idea as possible about the best examples of his work in different… Category: Poetry Series: Poet's Library. Big Series Publisher: Soviet Writer. Leningrad branch, Buy for 560 rubles
- Makhtumkuli. Poems , Makhtumkuli , The book of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the 18th century Makhtumkuli includes the best examples of Magtymguly's creativity, including civil and philosophical poems, satire, love ... Category: Poetry Publisher: