Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form (as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form time Past simple, and the third is the past participle (used to form the Perfect group tenses, passive voice and some other forms).
Often, students ask themselves: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Different educational resources give different options, and sometimes the lists go up to a thousand words! But do not be alarmed: there are about two hundred main verbs, and it is absolutely possible to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb "to do": make - made - made and the verb "remake": remake - remade - remade are often counted as separate words, although the prefix "re" is just added.
Verbs can be learned simply alphabetically, or they can be divided into several groups according to the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are the verbs divided according to this principle.
Immutable verbs:
bet | bet | bet | bet |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast (TV, radio) |
cost | cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut | cut |
hit | hit | hit | hit, hit |
hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt, hurt |
let | let | let | allow, allow |
read | read | read | read |
set | set | set | install |
shut | shut | shut | close |
wet | wet / wetted | wet / wetted | moisten, moisten |
Verbs with the same second and third forms
find | found | found | find |
get | got | got | receive |
hang | hung | hung | hang |
have | had | had | have |
hear | heard | heard | hear |
hold | held | held | Keep |
make | made | made | make |
pay | paid | paid | to pay |
say | said | said | to tell |
shine | shone | shone | shine |
sit | sat | sat | sit |
spit | spat | spat | spit |
stand | stood | stood | to stand |
tell | told | told | say, inform |
understand | understood | understood | understand |
win | won | won | win |
Verbs with the same second and third forms ending in -t
burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | dreaming, dreaming |
feel | felt | felt | feel |
keep | kept | kept | keep |
learnt | learnt / learned | learnt / learned | to learn |
leave | left | left | leave, leave |
lose | lost | lost | lose |
sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
smell | smelt | smelt | smell, sniff |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | spoil, spoil |
Verbs ending in –ught
-D to -t verbs
Vowel change verbs: i - a - u
begin | began | begun | start off |
drink | drank | drunk | drink |
ring | rang | rung | to call |
sing | sang | sung | sing |
sink | sank | sunk | drown |
swim | swam | swum | to swim |
Verbs with the same first and third forms
becom | became | becom | become |
come | came | come | come, come |
run | ran | run | run |
Verbs with doubled consonant in third form
forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
bite | bit | bitter | bite |
hide | hid | hidden | hide |
ride | rode | ridden | to ride |
write | wrote | written | write |
Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms
Verbs with -e- in second form and third form in -wn
Third-form verbs ending in –en
choose | chose | chosen | to choose |
eat | ate | eaten | eat, eat |
fall | fell | fallen | fall |
freeze | froze | frozen | freeze |
drive | drove | driven | drive) |
give | gave | given | to give |
rise | rose | risen | get up |
shake | shook | shaken | shake |
speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
steal | stole | stolen | steal |
take | took | taken | take |
What can no rule be without? Of course, no exceptions! Irregular verbs in English are also not spared. But, as they say, an irregular verb is not so terrible as it is painted. Today we will deal with different methods of memorizing irregular verbs.
Open any table of irregular verbs ( see at the end of the article) and you will see three columns there. The first column contains verbs in the impersonal, or (only without the to particle). This is what corresponds to Russian verbs ending in -ty: draw, write, read - (to) draw, write, read.
The second column is - I drew, wrote, read (yesterday, for example) - drew, wrote, read.
In the third column, the so-called second participle, or past participle.
Approx. The first participle corresponds to the Russian –– writing / ––: drawing, writing, reading. In English, the first participle has the ending –ing. - drawing, writing, rading.
Let's go back to the third column, which presents the past participle - it corresponds to the Russian "made" - drawn, written, read. Third column for
- verbs in.
- verbs of the tenses of the Perfect group:
I have already written my essay. I already wrote an essay (or “I already have my essay written).
I have read three books this month. I have read three books this month. (Or I have three books read).
Have you ever drawn anything like that? Have you ever drawn something like this? (Or have you ever had something like this drawn?)
What do irregular verbs mean?
Why are irregular verbs "irregular"? The fact is that according to the rules, the so-called second and third forms are constructed by adding the ending -ed.
I work - I worked yesterday. - I have worked for three companies.
For irregular verbs, the second and third forms are formed in a completely individual way (go - went - gone), or do not change at all (put-put-put).
Memorization methods
- Alphabetically - cram. Boring and useless.
- Make cards with three shapes on one side and translation on the other. Periodically, when a minute is given (in transport, in the morning with a cup of coffee, etc.), go through the cards, checking yourself. If you remember, we transfer it to the second pile, if not, we leave it in the first one and come back later. And so on until there is a confident memorization. When you go through the cards, try to come up with examples - this is how imaginative thinking is also connected, it is easier to remember, and words are learned not separately, but in context.
- Poems. Rather, a childish way. But in whom does the child not live ?? If you like it, it evokes positive emotions - then why not? Here are examples of such rhymes
I am in a buffet buy-bought-bought (to buy)
First class sandwich
For him I pay-paid-paid, (pay)
Lay-laid-laid in the classroom
And not at all thought-thought-thought, (to think)
That his neighbor will be smart.
And now I'm very sad -
Smell-smelt-smelt it's delicious! (smell)
Look, the slingshot Balamut
Put-put-put into your pocket
And begin-began-begun
Bully bully!
He's a pillow cut-cut-cut, (cut)
Brother in the bathroom shut-shut-shut, (shut up)
All the newspapers are light-lit-lit, (set on fire)
Hit-hit-hit dog. (beat)
He's a neighbor ring-rang-rung (call)
And of course run-ran-run. (run away)
And not at all thought-thought-thought, (to think)
That the police will come.
Dig-dug-dug we vegetable garden, (dig)
Come-came-come there people. (come)
We said, “Go-went-gone, (go, go)
This is not a show for you. "We are with the enemies fight-fought-fought, (fight, fight)
Them are trapped in catch-caught-caught. (catch, catch)
Day good luck bring-brought-brought, (bring)
We are a get-got-got award. (receive)
If hares are bite-bit-bitten, (bite)
Don't give them eat-ate-eaten, (eat)
They soon learn-learnt-learnt
Famously burn-burnt-burnt matches. (spark off)
If a friend meet-met-met, (meet)
Its tightly keep-kept-kept. (Keep)
Well, and if lose-lost-lost, (lose)
That is why it is cost-cost-cost. (cost)
Fly-flew-flown aircraft. (fly)
Our children grow-grew-grown. (grow)
Well, and the wind blow-blew-blown, (blow)
He knows-knew-known about everything. (know)
Grandfather and grandmother find-found-found
Basset hound dog.
Very close to old people
The dog become-became-become. (become)
Give-gave-given grandfather to him (to give)
Dear basturma -
The dog needs to be fed-fed-fed
Something delicious for lunch!
For yourself lard and cutlets
Old folks don't let-let-let. (let)
Today grandmother and grandfather
Another life lead-led-led: (lead)
Grandfather is dozing in the bath with a smile,
Grandma dwell-dwelt-dwelt in the closet, (dwell)
Dog in bed lie-lay-lain, (lie)
Just like Saddam Hussein.
We break-broke-broken old house - (break)
It was very boring in it.
New home we draw-drew-drawn, (draw)
Build-built-built - and let's live. (build)
- I like the idea of distributing irregular verbs into groups based on the similarity of the formation of the second and third forms. This makes them much easier to learn.
table of irregular verbs in English:
1 group - all three forms are the same
Cost | Cost | Cost | cost |
---|---|---|---|
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cut |
Put | Put | Put | Put |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Hit, hit |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Hurt |
Let | Let | Let | Let |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Close |
Group 2 - the second and third forms match
Burn | Burnt | Burnt | Burn, burn |
---|---|---|---|
Learn | Learnt | Learnt | Teach |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Smell |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Feel |
Leave | Left | Left | Leave, leave |
Meet | Met | Met | Meet |
Dream | Dreamt | Dreamt | Dream |
Mean | Meant | Meant | To mean, to mean |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Keep, store |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Sleep |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Borrow, lend |
Send | Sent | Sent | Send |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Spend, spend |
Build | Built | Built | Build |
Lose | Lost | Lost | To lose, to lose |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Fire |
Get | Got | Got | Receive |
Light | Lit | Lit | Light up, light up |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sit |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Buy |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Bring |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Catch |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Fight |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Teach, teach |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Sell |
Tell | Told | Told | Tell |
Find | Found | Found | Find |
Have | Had | Had | Have |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Hear |
Hold | Held | Held | Hold |
Read | Read | Read | Read |
Say | Said | Said | To speak, to say |
Pay | Paid | Paid | To pay |
Make | Made | Made | Do, produce |
Understand | Understood | Understood | understand |
Stand | Stood | Stood | To stand |
Group 3 - the second and third forms do not match
Break | Broke | Broken | Break |
---|---|---|---|
Choose | Chose | Chosen | To choose |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Talk |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Steal |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Wake up, wake up |
Drive | Drove | Driven | To drive |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Horseback riding |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Get up |
Write | Wrote | Written | Write |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Beat |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Bite |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Hide |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | There is |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Fall |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Forget |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Forgive |
Give | Gave | Given | To give |
See | Saw | Seen | See |
Take | Took | Taken | Take |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Blow |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Grow |
Know | Knew | Known | Know |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Throw |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Fly |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Draw |
Show | Showed | Shown | Show |
Begin | Began | Begun | Start off |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Drink |
Swim | Swam | Swum | To swim |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Sing |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Call |
Run | Ran | Run | Run |
Come | Came | Come | Come |
Become | Became | Become | Become |
Be | Was / were | Been | be |
Go | Went | Gone | Go, walk |
- To make the process of memorizing irregular verbs more fun, my students and I compose stories together. That is, one person pulls out a card, remembers all the forms and meanings, and then composes a sentence using the second or third form. The next one takes out the second card and continues the story. It is usually very funny. And bright positive emotions, especially laughter, are known to promote memorization.
Do not put it on the back burner - it is better to cut the leaves right now, make cards - and go! And find an accomplice to compose stories.
They are correct (regular) and incorrect (irregular). When using irregular verbs, their forms are formed in a different way than regular verbs (by adding –ed to the infinitive).
The Irregular Verbs table consists of three forms:
- (this is the initial form of the verb in without the particle to).
- (verb in the past tense).
- (past participle).
Unfortunately, there is no such rule that helps determine which verb is correct and which is not.
In total, the English language is about. Naturally, it will not be possible to learn them right away, and it is not necessary: many of them are not used in speech, since they are considered outdated.
Ways to fast memorize Irregular Verbs
There are some ways you can speed up learning Irregular Verbs:
Group # 1. The verb in all three forms is the same in pronunciation and spelling.
For instance:
cut | cut | cut | cut |
hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt |
Group№ 2 . Past Simple and Past Participle identical in spelling and pronunciation. For instance:
Group№ 4 .The verb form is formed by adding -old to the first group of the infinitive:
Group№ 6. The form of the verb in Present Simple and Past Participle matches:
Group№ 8 .The Past Simple form is formed with -ew, and the Past Participle with -own:
Group№ 9 . O The Past Participle form is modified using the -n ending added to the infinitive:
Group№ 11 ... The vowel in each form changes by i-a-u principle, For example:
Note. Verbs formed with the prefixes re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-, out-, under- and others will also be irregular. Their forms in Past Simple and Past Participal are the same as the verbs from which they were derived. For example, set - reset, stand - understand.
Irregular Verbs
Below is a table of Irregular Verbs with 117 of the most common and most used.
Infinitive | Past simple | Past participle | Translation |
be | was, were | been | be |
beat | beat | beaten [‘bi: tn] | beat |
become | became | become | become |
begin | began | begun | start off |
bleed | bled | bled | bleed |
blow | blew | blown | blow |
break | broke | broken [‘brouk (e) n] | break |
bring | brought | brought | bring |
build | built | built | build |
burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
burst | burst | burst | break out |
buy | bought | bought | buy |
catch | caught | caught | catch, catch |
choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | to choose |
come | came | come | come |
cost | cost | cost | cost |
creep | crept | crept | crawl |
cut | cut | cut | cut |
do | did | done | make |
draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | dream, doze |
drink | drank | drunk | drink |
drive | drove | driven [‘drivn] | to drive |
eat | ate | eaten [‘i: tn] | there is |
fall | fell | fallen [‘fɔ: lən] | fall |
feed | fed | fed | feed |
feel | felt | felt | feel |
fight | fought | fought | fight |
find | found | found | find |
fit | fit | fit | fit |
fly | flew | flown | fly |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive |
freeze | froze | frozen [‘frouzn] | freeze |
get [get] | got | got | receive |
give | gave | given | to give |
go | went | gone | go |
grow | grew | grown | grow |
hang | hung | hung | hang |
have | had | had | have |
hear | heard | heard | hear |
hide | hid | hidden ['hidn] | hide |
hit | hit | hit | hit the mark |
hold | held | held | Keep |
hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt |
keep | kept | kept | contain |
kneel | knelt | knelt | kneel |
know | knew | known | know |
lay | laid | laid | lay down |
lead | led | led | lead |
lean | leant | leant | tilt |
learn | learnt | learnt | teach |
leave | left | left | leave |
lend | lent | lent | to borrow |
let | let | let | let |
lie | lay | lain | lie |
light | lit | lit | illuminate |
lose | lost | lost | lose |
make | made | made | produce |
mean | meant | meant | to mean |
meet | met | met | meet |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | to be wrong |
pay | paid | paid | to pay |
prove | proved | proven | prove |
put | put | put | put |
quit | quit | quit | go out |
read | read | read | read |
ride | rode | ridden [‘ridn] | to ride |
ring | rang | rung | ring |
rise | rose | risen [‘rizn] | get up |
run | ran | run | run away |
say | said | said | talk |
see | saw | seen | see |
seek | sought | sought | search |
sell | sold | sold | sell |
send | sent | sent | send |
set | set | set | to put |
sew | sewed | sewn | sew |
shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken [‘ʃeik (ə) n] | shake |
show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | show |
shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | reduce |
shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | close |
sing | sang | sung | sing |
sink | sank, sunk | sunk | drown |
sit | sat | sat | sit |
sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
slide | slid | slid | slide |
sow | sowed | sown | sow |
speak | spoke | spoken [‘spouk (e) n] | talk |
spell | spelt | spelt | to spell |
spend | spent | spent | spend |
spill | spilt | spilt | shed |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | spoil |
spread | spread | spread | spread out |
spring | sprang | sprung | jump |
stand | stood | stood | to stand |
steal | stole | stolen [‘stəulən] | steal |
stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
sting | stung | stung | sting |
sweep | swept | swept | sweep |
swell | swelled | swollen [‘swoul (e) n] | swell |
swim | swam | swum | to swim |
swing | swung | swung | sway |
take | took | taken [‘teik (ə) n] | take, take |
teach | taught | taught | teach |
tear | tore | torn | tear |
tell | told | told | tell |
think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ: t] | thought [θɔ: t] | think |
throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | throw |
understand [ʌndə’stænd] | understood [ʌndə’stud] | understood [ʌndə’stud] | understand |
wake | woke | woken [‘wouk (e) n] | wake up |
wear | wore | worn | wear |
weep | wept | wept | cry |
wet | wet | wet | soak |
win | won | won | win |
wind | wound | wound | wriggle |
write | wrote | written [‘ritn] | write |
Let's take a look at how the forms of irregular verbs change in sentences:
- I write a letter to my Grandmother. - My father wrote a bestseller last year.- This story was written by unknown soldier of the Second Worlds War.
- I see my best friend every day. I saw my cousin three days ago at my uncle Bens birthday party... - I have already seen this comedy.
By following the rules described in the article, it will become much easier to learn the wrong ones. Good luck!
Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs with special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common (feel - to feel, speak - to speak) and rare (cleave - to cut, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.
Read also:
Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed according to the coincidence of forms:
- AAA verbs - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
- ABA verbs - the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run - ran - run, to run).
- ABB verbs - the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach - taught - taught).
- ABC verbs - all forms are different (know - knew - known).
Within the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, that is, the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files- They can be printed, pasted on cardboard and cut out cards for memorization.
AAA verbs: the same in three forms Download PDF | |||
---|---|---|---|
Translation | Infinitive | Past simple | Past Participle |
lay down | put |
put |
put |
let | let |
let |
let |
cut | cut |
cut |
cut |
set (set) | set |
set |
set |
bet | bet |
bet |
bet |
cast (cast metal) | cast |
cast |
cast |
cost | cost |
cost |
cost |
beat | hit |
hit |
hit |
to cause a pain | hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
to knit | knit |
knit |
knit |
stop | quit |
quit |
quit |
distribute | spread |
spread |
spread |
ABA verbs: the same forms 1 and 3 | |||
run away | run |
ran |
run |
come | come |
came |
come |
become | become |
became |
become |
Verbs like ABB: Forms 2 and 3 are the same | |||
read | read |
read |
read |
teach (gain knowledge) | learn |
learnt (learned) |
learnt (learned) |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ: t] |
thought [θɔ: t] |
teach (teach) | teach |
taught |
taught |
smell (smell) | smell |
smelt |
smelt |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
Keep | hold |
held |
held |
bring | bring |
brought |
brought |
to stand | stand |
stood |
stood |
lose (lose) | lose |
lost |
lost |
meet | meet |
met |
met |
lead | lead |
led |
led |
understand | understand [ʌndə’stænd] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
win | win |
won |
won |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
send | send |
sent |
sent |
sell | sell |
sold |
sold |
catch | catch |
caught |
caught kɔ: t] |
fight | fight |
fought |
fought |
lay (lay) | lay |
laid |
laid |
sit | sit |
sat |
sat |
to bind | bind |
bound |
bound |
bleed | bleed |
bled |
bled |
build | build |
built |
built |
burn | burn |
burnt |
burnt |
deal with | deal |
dealt |
dealt |
dig | dig |
dug |
dug |
feed | feed |
fed |
fed |
hang | hang |
hung |
hung |
hide | hide |
hid |
hidden [‘Hɪdn] |
lean | lean |
leant (leaned) |
leant (leaned) |
lend (to someone) | lend |
lent |
lent |
illuminate | light |
lit |
lit |
to ride | ride |
rode |
ridden [‘Rɪdn] |
sew | sew |
sewed |
sewed (sewn) |
write or spell | spell |
spelt |
spelt |
shed | spill |
spilt |
spilt |
spit | spit |
spat (spit) |
spat (spit) |
spoil | spoil |
spoilt |
spoilt |
stick | stick |
stuck |
stuck |
strike | strike |
struck |
struck |
sweep | sweep |
swept |
swept |
cry | weep |
wept |
wept |
twist | wind |
wound |
wound |
Type verbsABC: all shapes are different |
|||
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘Teik (ə) n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
to give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘Ritn] |
talk | speak |
spoke |
spoken ['Spouk (e) n] |
drive a car | drive |
drove |
driven [‘Drivn] |
break | break |
broke |
broken [‘Brouk (e) n] |
wear clothes) | wear |
wore |
worn |
there is | eat |
ate |
eaten [‘I: tn] |
drink | drink |
drank |
drunk |
draw (pull) | draw |
drew |
drawn |
steal | steal |
stole |
stolen [‘Stəulən] |
throw | throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
blow | blow |
blew |
blown |
fall | fall |
fell |
fallen [‘Fɔ: lən] |
start off | begin |
began |
begun |
forget | forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forgive | forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
fly | fly |
flew |
flown |
freeze (freeze) | freeze |
froze |
frozen [‘Frouzn] |
grow | grow |
grew |
grown |
to call | ring |
rang |
rung |
shake | shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken [‘Ʃeik (ə) n] |
sing | sing |
sang |
sung |
stink | stink |
stank (stunk) |
stunk |
try | strive |
strove |
striven [‘Strɪvn] |
to swear | swear |
swore |
sworn |
tear | tear |
tore |
torn |
wake | wake |
woke |
woken [‘Wouk (e) n] |
Pay attention to the words read and wind... In the 2nd and 3rd forms, read reads like. And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.
The ten most basic irregular verbs
Of the common irregular verbs, one can single out the most basic... You need to know them first of all. Start learning verbs with them instead of alphabetically. You can learn them literally in 5 - 10 minutes.
Translation | Infinitive (1st form) | Past Simple (2nd form) | Past Participle (3rd form) |
---|---|---|---|
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ: t] |
thought [θɔ: t] |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘Teik (ə) n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
to give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘Ritn] |
talk | speak |
spoke |
spoken ['Spouk (e) n] |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
These are the verbs you need to learn first.
Notes:
- Over time, some of the irregular verbs have almost turned into regular ones. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work- incorrect, it has the following forms: work - wrought - wrought... Now the form wrought almost never used, except in established expressions like “wrought iron”, so I did not include it in this table.
- Verbs to learn(teach), to lean(leaning) is also more often used as correct: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
- Pay attention to the shapes read - read - read... The word is spelled the same, but read differently.
- Don't confuse the verb wind(swirl) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same, but have different pronunciation and meanings.
- British verbs sew pronounced like
In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun goes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs with the ending - ed ... In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.
You cannot add to them - ED since in the past tense, these verbs are completely changed.
This is exactly what we observe with do. In the past tense it is not doed (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.
So how do you know if a verb is correct or not?
Here a little "female" logic will help us: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. The ones not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). Nevertheless, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. First of all, you need to know them.
How to remember irregular verbs?
Repeat aloud the 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print a book for fast memorization of irregular verbs ().
Table of irregular verbs with translations
Table. Irregular verbs with translation
Present time | Past tense | Participle | Translation |
1.awake | awoke | awoken | wake up |
2.be | was, were | been | be |
3.beat | beat | beaten | beat |
4.become | became | become | become |
5.begin | began | begun | start off |
6.bend | bent | bent | bend, bend over |
7.bite | bit | bitten | bite |
8.blow | blew | blown | blow |
9.break | broke | broken | break |
10.bring | brought | brought | bring |
11. broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
12.build | built | built | build |
13.burn | burned / burnt | burned / burnt | burn, burn |
14.buy | bought | bought | buy |
15.catch | caught | caught | catch |
16.choose | chose | chosen | to choose |
17. come | came | come | come |
18. cost | cost | cost | cost |
19.cut | cut | cut | cut |
20.dig | dug | dug | dig |
21. do | did | done | make |
22. draw | drew | drawn | 1.draw 2.pull |
23. dream | dreamed / dreamt | dreamed / dreamt | dream |
24. drive | drove | driven | to rule |
25.Drink | drank | drunk | drink |
26. eat | ate | eaten | there is |
27. fall | fell | fallen | fall |
28. feel | felt | felt | feel |
29. fight | fought | fought | fight |
30. find | found | found | find |
31. fly | flew | flown | fly |
32. forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
33. forgive | forgave | forgiven | to forgive |
34. freeze | froze | frozen | freeze |
35. get | got | gotten | receive |
36. give | gave | given | to give |
37. go | went | gone | go |
38. grow | grew | grown | grow |
39. hang | hung | hung | hang |
40. have | had | had | to have, to have |
41. hear | heard | heard | hear |
42. hide | hid | hidden | hide |
43. hit | hit | hit | strike |
44. hold | held | held | Keep |
45. hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt |
46. keep | kept | kept | keep |
47. know | knew | known | know |
48. lay | laid | laid | lay down |
49. lead | led | led | lead |
50. learn | learned / learnt | learned / learnt | teach |
51. leave | left | left | leave |
52. lend | lent | lent | lend |
53. let | let | let | let |
54. lie | lay | lain | lie |
55. lose | lost | lost | lose |
56. make | made | made | make |
57. mean | meant | meant | mean |
58. meet | met | met | meet |
59. pay | paid | paid | to pay |
60. put | put | put | lay down |
61. read | read | read | read |
62. ride | rode | ridden | to ride |
63. ring | rang | rung | to call |
64. rise | rose | risen | get up |
65. run | ran | run | run away |
66. say | said | said | to tell |
67. see | saw | seen | see |
68. sell | sold | sold | sell |
69. send | sent | sent | send |
70.show | showed | showed / shown | show |
71. shut | shut | shut | close |
72. sing | sang | sung | sing |
73. sit | sat | sat | sit |
74. sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
75. speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
76. spend | spent | spent | spend |
77. stand | stood | stood | to stand |
78. swim | swam | swum | to swim |
79. take | took | taken | take |
80. teach | taught | taught | teach |
81. tear | tore | torn | tear |
82. tell | told | told | tell |
83. think | thought | thought | think |
84.throw | threw | thrown | throw |
85. understand | understood | understood | understand |
86. wake | woke | woken | wake up |
87. wear | wore | worn | wear |
88. win | won | won | win |
89. write | wrote | written | write |