Atlas guide to animals "from earth to sky" to Pleshakov's textbooks. Atlas determinant "From earth to sky"

Norway spruce and Scots pine are the best known conifers. Cedar pine grows in Siberia. In the people it is often called the Siberian cedar. Larch differs from other coniferous trees in soft, falling needles for the winter. Fir - similar to spruce, but the needles of the fir are flat, with two rows of stripes below. When we hear the name "maple", we imagine a tree with large, beautifully carved leaves.

Norway spruce And Scotch pine- the most famous coniferous trees.

Cedar pine grows in Siberia. In the people it is often called the Siberian cedar.

Larch differs from other coniferous trees in soft, falling needles for the winter.

Fir- it looks like a spruce, but the needles of a fir are flat, they have two rows of stripes from below.

When we hear the title maple", imagine a tree with large, beautifully carved leaves. However, there is Tatar maple with oval leaves with small protrusions, American maple, in which each leaf consists of 3 or 5 individual leaflets.

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My atlas determinant Prepared by a student of 4 "D" class MOU "Secondary School No. 40" Baturo Karina Teacher Novikova Elena Aleksandrovna

Our acquaintance with plants We will study the plants that surround us and benefit us. We will study where plants grow.

meadow cornflower

Description: meadow cornflower. This is a perennial herb. The stem is erect, 40-70 cm high, the leaves are slightly rough; flowers - exact baskets on the tops of the stem and branches, equipped with a tiled wrapper, each leaf of which is expanded at the top into a black fringed appendage; marginal flowers - funnel-shaped, pink; median - tubular, dark pink. Blooms all summer. Distribution: natural range - Russia - all areas of the European part, except for the Lower Volga, the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East; Ukraine - forest, forest-steppe and steppe - mainly on the Left Bank - regions. Cornflower meadow grows scattered in meadows, forest clearings, on the edges, among shrubs, in weedy places, railway embankments, along roadsides. Application: the plant has diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. An infusion of herbs is drunk for heart diseases, headaches and pains in the stomach, with jaundice, dropsy.

BELL (CAMPANULA) family Campanula

Bellflower (lat. Campánula) is a genus of exclusively herbaceous plants from the Bellflower family. The genus includes more than 300 species growing in countries with a temperate climate. Under natural conditions, it is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, Central and Western Asia, Europe, has some distribution in North America. On the territory of Russia and neighboring countries, there are about 150 species, in the European part of Russia - up to 15. The habitats of bluebells are diverse, meadows, forests, steppes are available to them, they are also found in desert and rocky areas. Numerous and diverse species inhabit the subalpine and alpine belts of mountains. Corolla for the most part clearly bell-shaped, blue or purple in different shades, sometimes lilac, occasionally white. Inflorescences are usually paniculate or racemose, rarely single-flowered.

St. John's wort (lat. Hypericum) is a genus of flowering plants of the St. John's wort family of the order Malpighiaceae.

St. John's wort is a herbaceous perennial up to 1.5 m high (usually 4070 cm) with a rounded straight stem, on which two longitudinal lines are sometimes clearly distinguished. The leaves are oval, slightly oblong, abundantly dotted with glands with black dots. The glands are usually translucent. St. John's wort has golden yellow flowers. St. John's wort blooms from June to August. It occurs on the edges of light forests or among shrubs, on open dry slopes, in the steppe. For medicinal purposes, St. John's wort (the upper part of the plants), cut at the beginning of flowering in June, is used. Types of St. John's wort - Ordinary or perforated, tetrahedral, knotty, creeping, zviriba, woody.

CLOVER Red (Meadow)

Clover is a plant of the legume family. A perennial, rarely annual plant with a tap root system that becomes woody in some. Flowers of different colors, depending on the variety, are red, white or pink. Small flowers collected in one plant head. Flowers are rarely arranged, in umbels or racemes. Clover grows in meadows, fields, forests and roadsides. A wide distribution zone indicates that the root system is well developed and is able to absorb moisture and minerals from arid and hard soil cover. Exist folk omens that are associated with clover: - if you look closely, you can see that before the rain, the leaves straighten; - if the clover stands straight, and the leaves are folded, then bad weather or a storm is approaching.

Dandelion officinalis

Dandelion officinalis - the flower of the sun. Before the rain, he closes his bright baskets, hiding the golden petals in dense green buds. It also closes at night. Distribution: Dandelion officinalis is ubiquitous in Europe and Asia in all areas except the arctic and high mountains. Less common in Northern and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It grows like a weed in meadows, along roads, in villages, parks, often forms continuous thickets. Part used: roots, leaves, grass, dandelion juice are used for medicinal purposes. The plant contains vitamins C, A, B2.

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Let's look into the storerooms of the Earth

Rocks form the thickness of the Earth, and they themselves consist of minerals.

View Samples feldspar, quartz and mica. These are minerals, joining together, form granite rock

Consider a piece of granite. Find colored grains. It is the mineral feldspar. Find translucent grains. This is the mineral mica.

Complete the chart. composition of granite.
Color in the scheme a rectangle with the name of the rock with a green pencil, rectangles with the names of minerals - with a yellow pencil.

Write out examples of rocks from the textbook.

Granite, sand, clay, limestone, chalk, marble, flint

Find additional information about granite, feldspar, quartz, mica in the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky". Prepare a message about 1 - 2 of these stones (of your choice). Write down brief information about them.

Granite
Granite is gray, pink, red. It can often be seen in cities: the walls of some buildings are lined with granite, river embankments are built from it, pedestals for monuments are made. Granite is a rock composed of grains of several minerals. It is mainly feldspar, quartz, mica. Colored grains are feldspar, translucent, sparkling - quartz, black mica. "Grain" in Latin "granum". From this word came the name "granite".

Feldspar
Feldspar is the most common mineral on the earth's surface. Many varieties of feldspars are known. Among them there are white, gray, yellowish, pinkish, red, green stones. Most of the time they are not transparent. Some of them are used to make jewelry.

Quartz
Quartz is a mineral that is part of granite, but is often found on its own. There are quartz crystals ranging in size from a few millimeters to several meters! Transparent colorless quartz is called rock crystal, opaque white - milky quartz. Many people know transparent purple quartz - amethyst. There is pink quartz, blue quartz and other varieties. All these stones have long been used to make various jewelry.

Mica
Mica is a mineral consisting of plates, thin leaves. These leaves are easily separated from each other. They are dark, but transparent and shiny. Mica is part of granite and some other rocks.

If you have your own collection of stones (for example, colorful sea pebbles or other stones), choose the most beautiful and interesting ones. Take photos and post them here. In the signature, try to convey your attitude to the world of stones.

Looking at stones is a very exciting experience. Studying the stones, you will definitely go to the distant past of our planet and the area where you live. There are countless different stones on Earth: beautiful and not very beautiful, of different colors and shapes. Looking at the stones, you think that each of them has some kind of mystery and many mysteries. And not all of them, probably, are revealed and solved. And how much these stones have seen in their lifetime! I would like to know what secrets they hide in themselves, how they differ from each other, what is the history of their appearance on Earth, and what benefits stones bring to people.

Atlas guide to animals "From earth to sky" for textbooks Pleshakov. Insects, spiders, birds, fish, animals.

In the atlas to Pleshakov's textbooks, almost the entire animal world is considered, from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals from pictures, remember their names, learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in the preparation of lessons on the subject the world in grades 1-4 elementary school, especially under the program Perspective and School of Russia, which are built on Pleshakov's textbooks, where he often refers to the search for material in the atlas-key "From Earth to Heaven", there are tasks in the workbooks according to the atlas-key.

All classifications are very conditional, but it is easy to find the right animal and find out its name using them. Pictures of animals for creating the atlas are taken from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia and reference books on zoology.

Atlas-determinant "From earth to sky". Animals

When it comes to animals, first of all, everyone remembers four-legged and furry mammals. But not only they belong to the animal kingdom. In addition to mammals, it includes a huge variety of other organisms: fish, birds, insects, arachnids, molluscs, starfish, all kinds of worms and centipedes. Man also belongs to the animal kingdom, but is traditionally considered separately.

Unlike plants, most animals are able to move independently to where they need to, and therefore they are much more difficult to identify from the atlas. Scared - run away, hide. Therefore, you need to focus all your attention on it, consider and remember the color, dimensions, so that later you can find it using the atlas-determinant.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without backbones: snails, worms, insects, spiders, crustaceans and centipedes. They are usually not too big. The exceptions are some crabs, tropical centipedes and spiders, which can reach quite large sizes.

Shellfish and worms

Mollusks live in the seas, fresh water and on land. Snails are gastropods with a single shell at the top. Gastropods means that the abdomen of a mollusk is its only leg, with which the animal moves. And there are also bivalves, which have two shells and they are tightly adjacent to each other, the mollusk is thus completely protected inside the shells from all sides. And worms and leeches do not have shells, they have only a long soft body.

arachnids

These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous shell.

Shellfish and centipedes

Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, woodlice and the like.

Insects

Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bedbugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, grasshoppers.

beetles

Beetles are insects in which the front wings have become rigid elytra. Hence their scientific name "coleoptera". Before taking off, the beetle first raises these elytra, and only then flaps its wings.

Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marble beetle, scarab, oak barbel, large borer, fringed swimmer, large water lover.

The largest beetle currently living on Earth - lumberjack titan living in South America. The length of its body (without antennae) can reach 16 cm. Adult beetles have extremely sharp "jaws" - mandibles that can even break a pencil. Sensing danger, they begin to hiss and try to injure the enemy with their mandibles.

Not too big beetles: May beetle, bronzovka, odorous beauty, gray long-whiskered woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe lingering beetle, ground beetle.

Small beetles: ladybug, black nutcracker, iris, flour beetle, leaf beetle, bark beetle, bee beetle, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, whirlwind.

butterflies

The Russian name "butterfly" comes from the Old Slavonic word "babаka", denoting the concept of "old woman" or "grandmother". In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, it was believed that these were the souls of the dead, so people treated them with respect. The most remarkable thing about butterflies is their large wings. The pattern of butterfly wings varies from species to species and captivates with its beauty. The appearance and coloration of the butterfly's wings are not only for beauty, but also act as a protective camouflage that allows you to blend in with your surroundings.

Diurnal butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.

Night butterflies and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in a plump and fluffy body. At night, as a rule, just moths are active, not butterflies.

scoop agrippina or, as it is otherwise called, tizania agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, the wingspan of which usually reaches 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.

caterpillars

A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth or moth. The food of caterpillars is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.

dragonflies

Dragonflies are relatively large insects with a movable head, large eyes, short antennae, an elongated slender abdomen and four transparent wings with a dense network of veins. Dragonflies are predators that feed on flying insects.

Grasshoppers and related insects

If you have an insect in front of you that jumps pretty well, and also knows how to chirp, it is most likely a grasshopper or an insect related to it. Very often, grasshoppers have an appearance and coloration similar to the appearance and coloration of the leaves or other parts of the plants on which they live.

bedbugs

A feature of most bedbugs is odorous glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic unpleasant odor for humans, which repels enemies.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants

These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.

Mosquitoes and flies

Mosquitoes are most common in humid climates and remain active during the warm seasons of the year. They have a thin body, 3 pairs of long thin legs and 1 pair of wings. Flies also have only 2 thin wings and 3 pairs of legs, but the legs are shorter than mosquitoes, big eyes and a plump body.

Common mosquito (peeper)- a species of mosquito that is found everywhere, overcoming its importunity to humans and animals. Adult peeping mosquitoes are 3-8 mm in size. Only females drink blood, while males feed on nectar. Therefore, females have a long sting on a small head.

Insects living in houses

unusual insects

Fish

Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins and scales. They live in water: in the seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.

aquarium fish

In aquariums, we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from the warm seas that live near coral reefs.

Amphibians

Amphibians, or amphibians, are cold-blooded animals adapted to life both in the aquatic environment and on land. Most of them first breathe with gills, and then, in adulthood, switch to pulmonary breathing. Amphibians include frogs and toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians.

reptile

Reptiles are vertebrates that move mainly by crawling, dragging their belly along the ground. Another name for these animals is reptiles. These include snakes, turtles, crocodiles, lizards. Their skin is dry, covered with scales, shields, and maybe a shell on the outside. Reptiles breathe with lungs. All reptiles are cold-blooded, they depend on temperature environment. They have a spine. A well-formed skeleton and musculature provide excellent mobility.

common viper - poisonous snake. Lives in forests, wet lowlands, along river banks, swamps and lakes. They know how to swim. The length of the snake can reach almost 1 meter, but snakes no more than 60-70 cm are more common. They feed on mice, lizards, frogs and small birds. Vipers can be of different colors from black to gray or brown with a dark diamond pattern on the back. Seeing a viper in nature, you need to stop and slowly start to move back, facing the snake. If you scare the viper with screams or touch it, it will attack and bite. A snakebite requires immediate medical attention.

Already ordinary not dangerous to humans. It can live in the same places as the viper, but is more common along the banks of reservoirs. Sizes, like a viper, up to 1 meter in length. They differ in the shape of the head: the snake has an oval, the viper has a triangle with rounded edges. Already black, but on the sides of the head there are 2 yellow-orange spots that make it possible to distinguish this snake from other snakes. It swims well under water and on its surface. They feed mainly on frogs.

Birds

Birds are vertebrates covered with feathers. All birds have wings, but not all can fly. Birds lay eggs that hatch into chicks.

Some species of birds do not fly far from their habitat, while others - migratory birds - fly long distances in spring and autumn. They winter in warm countries, and in the summer they fly north, where there is more food and there is an opportunity to feed the chicks.
Do not fly away from us: sparrows, tits, bullfinches, jay, nuthatch, jackdaw, dove, crow, magpie, woodpecker.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, wagtail, starling, lark, redstart, rook, cuckoo, sandpiper, thrush, crane, swan, duck, heron, wild geese.

Birds of our ponds

rodents

Rodents are the largest order of mammals, which include mice, rats, hamsters, squirrels, porcupines, beavers and many other animals. They have a similar body structure and teeth. The teeth are adapted to the processing of solid plant food, but some of them also feed on small animals. Rodents are animals of small, rarely medium sizes. The largest representative is the capybara, or capybara, which lives in South America. The body length of the capybara reaches one and a half meters, and the weight is 60 kg. The smallest animal is the baby mouse. Its length is less than 5 cm.

Ungulates

Ungulates are united in one group on the basis of their hooves. And some of them also have horns.

Predatory beasts

Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are still predators in our forests. These are ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.

different animals

There are many different outlandish animals, for example fruit bats. They are not birds, but they fly well. Their forelimbs are very similar to wings without feathers. Other animals have their own interesting features, such as the ability to live underground or change color depending on the season. And someone even has thorns instead of wool, like a hedgehog and a porcupine.

Animals of the living corner

Small pets - decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The smallest hamster in the world is the Roborovsky hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.

In the atlas to Pleshakov's textbooks, almost the entire animal world is considered, from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals from pictures, remember their names, learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in preparing lessons on the subject of the world around us in grades 1-4 of elementary school, especially under the program Perspective and School of Russia, which are built on Pleshakov's textbooks, where he often refers to the search for material in the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky ", in the workbooks there are also assignments for the atlas-determinant.

Atlas-determinant "From earth to sky". Animals

Invertebrates

Shellfish and worms

arachnids

These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous shell.

Shellfish and centipedes

Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, woodlice and the like.

Insects

Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bedbugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, grasshoppers.

beetles

Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marble beetle, scarab, oak barbel, large borer, fringed swimmer, large water lover.

Not too big beetles: May beetle, bronzovka, odorous beauty, gray long-whiskered woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe lingering beetle, ground beetle.

Small beetles: ladybug, black nutcracker, iris, flour beetle, leaf beetle, bark beetle, bee beetle, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, whirlwind.

butterflies

Diurnal butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.

Night butterflies and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in a plump and fluffy body. At night, as a rule, just moths are active, not butterflies.

scoop agrippina or, as it is otherwise called, tizania agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, the wingspan of which usually reaches 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.

caterpillars

A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth or moth. The food of caterpillars is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.

dragonflies

Grasshoppers and related insects

bedbugs

A feature of most bedbugs is odorous glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic unpleasant odor for humans, which repels enemies.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants

These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.

Mosquitoes and flies

Insects living in houses

unusual insects

Fish

Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins and scales. They live in water: in the seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.

aquarium fish

In aquariums, we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from the warm seas that live near coral reefs.

Amphibians

reptile

Reptiles are vertebrates that move mainly by crawling, dragging their belly along the ground. Another name for these animals is reptiles. These include snakes, turtles, crocodiles, lizards. Their skin is dry, covered with scales, shields, and maybe a shell on the outside. Reptiles breathe with lungs. All reptiles are cold-blooded, they depend on the ambient temperature. They have a spine. A well-formed skeleton and musculature provide excellent mobility.

common viper- poisonous snake. Lives in forests, wet lowlands, along river banks, swamps and lakes. They know how to swim. The length of the snake can reach almost 1 meter, but snakes no more than 60-70 cm are more common. They feed on mice, lizards, frogs and small birds. Vipers can be of different colors from black to gray or brown with a dark diamond pattern on the back. Seeing a viper in nature, you need to stop and slowly start to move back, facing the snake. If you scare the viper with screams or touch it, it will attack and bite. A snakebite requires immediate medical attention.

Birds

Birds are vertebrates covered with feathers. All birds have wings, but not all can fly. Birds lay eggs that hatch into chicks.

Birds of our ponds

Predator birds

Birds of the Wildlife

mammals

Mammals feed their babies with milk, hence the scientific name.

rodents

Ungulates

Ungulates are united in one group on the basis of their hooves. And some of them also have horns. All ungulates are herbivores. They only eat plants, while deer eat lichens in addition to plants.

Predatory beasts

Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are still predators in our forests. These are ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.

different animals

There are many different outlandish animals, for example fruit bats. They are not birds, but they fly well. Their forelimbs are very similar to wings without feathers. Other animals have their own interesting features, for example, the ability to live underground or change color depending on the season. And someone even has thorns instead of wool, like a hedgehog and a porcupine. Hares feed exclusively on plant foods, and bats, moles, hedgehogs and shrews are not averse to eating insects and worms.

Dogs

Let's not forget about pets. Man not only tamed them, but also brought out different breeds. For example, dogs. Strong, large, hardy dogs - service. They help the police and the military in the service. Hunting are adapted to the extraction of game, they accompany the owner on the hunt. Decorative breeds of dogs decorate a house or apartment.

Animals of the living corner

Small pets - decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The smallest hamster in the world is the Roborovsky hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.