Not all summer residents equip a full-fledged sewage system, as in a city apartment - with a toilet bowl, from which it is drained into a septic tank or a cleaning station. Many refuse such complex decisions for various reasons: they visit the country house on short visits, rarely and only during the warm season, without appearing in the cold winter period. In this case, building a sewer system is simply not profitable. But somehow it is necessary to go to the toilet, and even preferably with conveniences. The solution to this problem can be a peat dry closet. Recently, such toilets have been very popular among summer residents, construction crews and even suburban residents. A peat toilet is a more advanced model of a powder closet, it also uses peat for waste processing. A modern peat dry closet only has greater comfort and is more professionally thought out. Although there are models, the principle of which can be attributed to innovation. Let's see how a peat toilet works and how it works, this will help you choose the most suitable model.
Benefits of a peat dry closet
A peat dry closet has a number of advantages over other dry closets, and even more so with an outdoor toilet:
- Convenient design that almost completely repeats the toilet bowl in the apartment.
- All waste is processed using peat into compost, which is absolutely safe for the environment.
- Compost from a peat dry closet is an excellent fertilizer for the garden and vegetable garden.
- Waste-free production.
- Almost complete absence of unpleasant odor.
- There is no need for water supply and sewerage.
- A peat toilet fully complies with all sanitary standards, so it can be installed inside residential buildings.
- By the way, you can install a peat dry closet both inside the house and in a separate building.
- No additional maintenance required.
- The container with waste can be emptied at any time, even a woman or an elderly person can cope with this task.
- The frequency of emptying the waste container depends on the intensity of using the toilet, it is usually sufficient to empty the waste every 3 to 4 months.
- Environmentally friendly material for manufacturing the toilet body.
- Frost resistance of the dry closet body.
Of the disadvantages of peat dry closets, only the fact that ventilation is required is required. The ventilation pipe should protrude 0.5 - 1 m above the ridge, the total length should be at least 4 m to create a full draft. Such a design feature can cause certain difficulties during installation inside a residential building.
Externally, a peat dry closet resembles a regular toilet, so it is easy and comfortable to use it. It consists of two containers.
Bottom container- storage tank - located under the seat. It is a pull-out container, the volume of which can vary from 44 to 140 liters, but the most common is 110 to 140 liters. This is quite enough for a family of 4 people. Waste products enter the storage tank: urine and feces.
Top container- tank for peat mixture. The water in the peat toilet is not used at all. The upper tank is equipped with a handle, after turning which the peat mixture is poured into the storage tank.
Behind the back wall of the toilet body is equipped with ventilation tube, which starts from the storage tank, and leads upwards to a height of 4 m.
The storage tank can be equipped with drainage system and filters... This is necessary in order to remove liquid waste from life. The contents of the storage tank are always hidden by special flaps that open only when the toilet is being used.
You can buy peat dry closet even for elderly people who cannot be lifted. Some Finnish models are equipped with wheels, thanks to which the storage tank can be rolled up to the compost pit.
The general principle of operation of a peat dry closet
Human waste products enter the storage tank. Immediately after relieving the needs, it is necessary to sprinkle them with peat.
To do this, the handle on the upper container must first be turned in one direction - the mixture will crumble on one side, then turn in the other direction - the mixture will cascade on the other side. So the waste is sprinkled evenly. The amount of peat that needs to be sprinkled with waste can be controlled, it is determined by the amount of rotation of the handle.
As a powder, use: peat filler for peat dry closets, peat with sawdust and other fine organic materials. All these funds must be bought, ordinary peat from the garden will not work. The fact is that special peat mixtures for toilets are saturated with microorganisms that will process waste into compost.
So, after the waste is poured with peat, microorganisms and bioenzymes begin to actively process them into compost. Sometimes this process is also called aerobic decomposition or mineralization. There is no smell.
The peat mixture also absorbs liquid waste, because the dressing has the ability to absorb several times its own volume. If one person uses a peat toilet, or, for example, a family uses it, but only on weekends, then the peat powder has time to process the liquid waste. If the family uses the toilet all the time, then the peat is not able to absorb all the liquid. To solve this problem, there is a drainage and filter system. The liquid seeps through the drain into the lower compartment, where it is filtered and discharged by a hose to the outside. The drain hose must be sloped. You can drain it into a drainage ditch, a compost pit, a septic tank, a well, a special container, or, as some craftsmen do, they just drop a pipe in the ground.
As the storage tank of the peat dry closet is full, it must be emptied... It is not necessary to wait until it is full, as in this case the tank may be too heavy, especially in cases where a woman or an elderly person is going to empty it. You can empty the storage container at least every two weeks, at least once a month, at least once every 2 - 3 months, or even once every six months. The pull-out container must be removed from the toilet body and emptied into the compost pit. After 2 years, this is how much the full composting cycle takes, peat with feces will turn into an excellent organic fertilizer and top dressing.
It is due to the fact that no chemicals and reagents are used at any stage of the peat toilet operation that this type of toilets received its own prefix "bio". Absolute environmental friendliness is the main advantage of a peat toilet.
Now let's take a closer look at ventilation.... You cannot do without it - otherwise unpleasant odors will be present. The set of any peat dry closet includes a ventilation kit - pipes and clamps. The ventilation pipe must be led as straight up as possible, ideally vertically. Even one corner or turn of the pipe reduces the draft so much that the unpleasant odor cannot be avoided. Ventilation removes excess liquid from the storage tank and odors.
General ventilation rules are as follows:
- If there are no more than 20 visits to the toilet a day, usually one person does this, then ventilation is equipped with a 40 mm diameter hose. Natural cravings work.
- If there are 20 to 60 visits per day, this is usually 2 to 3 people, then the ventilation is equipped with two hoses 40 and 100 mm in diameter. Natural cravings work.
- If more than 60 visits to the toilet per day, then ventilation is equipped with two hoses: one 40 mm provides natural draft, the second - 100 mm with forced ventilation using an axial fan.
A regular peat dry closet for a summer residence
There are several types of peat toilets, which differ not only in design and principle of operation, but also differ significantly in cost. For dacha life, an ordinary peat dry closet is quite suitable, the principle of operation and the device of which were described above.
The most common brands of peat dry closets: Piteco, Biolan, Ekomatic. All of them have a similar design and equipment: the upper block, consisting of a tank for peat mixture, a peat feeding mechanism, a toilet bowl and a seat with a removable cover, the lower block consists of a storage tank, drainage and filtering system. The upper and lower unit are decoupled, which greatly facilitates operation.
The main differences between conventional peat toilets are the size of the storage tank, the ease of use of the handle, the height of the seat, the presence or absence of wheels on the storage tank, the presence or absence of a thermal seat, and other design details.
Electric peat composting dry closet
A separate category is the so-called electric composting toilets. This innovation has appeared quite recently and not many can afford it. Such a toilet requires an electrical connection and good ventilation.
Externally, an electric toilet resembles a regular toilet. The lower tank is divided into two parts at once: the front one is for liquid waste, the back one is for feces and toilet paper. Liquid waste is immediately discharged through the drainage into a ditch, well or special container and does not come into contact with solid waste and peat at all.
The back part opens only under the weight of a person, feces get into it, which are immediately dried using a compressor. Unpleasant odors are removed through the ventilation pipe. Toilet paper is also dried. Then the storage tank with dried faeces must be emptied into a compost pit, covered with ordinary soil and spilled with water in order to turn it all into compost and fertilizer in a couple of years.
A striking representative of this class of peat dry closets is the Separett Villa toilet, which costs from $ 750 to $ 950.
Important! A significant disadvantage of Separett Villa electric peat dry closets is that they can only be used while sitting. Even a man needs to sit on the toilet to relieve himself.
Another representative of innovations Biolet Mulltoa, its structure and principle of operation are fundamentally different. Both liquid and solid waste are located in the same storage tank, in which the peat mixture is already filled. After each visit to the toilet, the heating elements heat up the contents of the chamber so that excess moisture evaporates, while the waste is constantly being mixed with peat using a special mechanism. Under the influence of a rather high temperature, microorganisms begin to actively multiply and recycle waste. As a result, ready-made compost is immediately obtained, which is immediately poured down into a special pallet.
Compost from the pallet can be immediately taken out to the garden beds or into the garden, the whole composting process takes place in an accelerated mode. The cost of such a unit is about $ 1,500.
The use of peat dry closets - reviews
Those who are just planning to buy a peat dry closet have many doubts and questions. All of them are quite reasonable, because manufacturers are so praising their products, one gets the impression that a peat toilet is better than a real toilet. Let's take a look at the most common questions using the reviews.
- Is it true that a peat toilet doesn't smell bad? Of course, it is impossible to completely get rid of the smell, it will still be - a slight smell of feces and peat, so it is better to put the toilet in a separate heated room or in a street building.
- Is the handle handy for scattering peat? In fact, the mixture does not always crumble in an even layer, covering all the waste evenly. Therefore, it is more convenient to use a scoop or scoop and sprinkle it by hand.
- Is it possible to do without drainage? If more than 2 people live in the house, then it is impossible. A drainage drainage of the liquid is required, otherwise the emptying of the container will have to be carried out every two days.
- Does urine smell in electric toilets? One way or another, the urine remaining on the walls of the container and in the pipe emits unpleasant odors, especially for men. But taking into account the fact that it is still necessary to equip a drainage drainage system in electric toilets, it is possible to flush with water after going to the toilet.
- Can a peat toilet be installed outside in winter? You cannot use a peat toilet in an unheated room, it cracks. Therefore, if the owners leave the dacha for the winter period, then all the containers of the peat dry closet must be emptied. If the owners live in the country in winter, then the toilet must be installed in a heated room. In this case, the ventilation pipe must be carefully insulated.
- The storage tank is easy to clean after emptying, nothing sticks to it.
- Before use, peat must be poured into the bottom of the storage tank in a layer of 2 cm.
- If there are significant problems with an unpleasant odor, then you must use forced ventilation.
A peat dry closet is a great alternative to an ordinary outdoor toilet with a cesspool. Environmental friendliness, convenience, comfort, ease of installation and operation - all this ensures a pleasant stay and living in the country without hassle. And do not forget that it is good for your garden - after all, compost can be used as fertilizer.
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Are you planning to buy a dry closet, but do not know which one to choose? Do you have any questions regarding the operation of your device? Want to know where to dispose of your waste?
Here we provide answers to frequently asked questions.
What criteria should be followed when choosing a dry closet? How to choose a toilet for a large family?
The main thing to look out for is the volume of the bottom tank. If the device will be used by only one person, it is enough to purchase a portable dry closet with a lower tank volume of 10-15 liters. If the dry closet is intended for a family of three, then the volume of the lower tank must be at least 20 liters. The tank will need to be emptied every three days. If the dry closet will be used by 5 or 7 people, then the tank will need to be cleaned every other day.
How to keep the dry closet clean?
The operation of a dry closet involves the use of special ones. They dissolve waste, kill bacteria and deodorize the air, and also reduce water consumption. For cleaning and bleaching the outer parts of the dry closet there is. An easy-to-dissolve product will help prevent clogging.
How long is one bottle of liquid for the dry closet?
1L bottles are designed for 10 refills, and 1.5L bottles are designed for 12 refills. If you change the water in the tank every three days, then 1 liter of liquid will be enough for about a month.
Is it really necessary to purchase two bottles - for the upper and lower tanks, maybe one will be enough?
It is advisable not to use liquid for the upper tank in the lower tank and vice versa. The fact is that each tool performs a strictly defined function: the liquid for the upper tank is needed to improve drainage, and the liquid for the lower tank is needed for splitting waste.
How are granules different from liquid tank products? What's better?
In fact, nothing. Only by the form of release. They dissolve waste equally well, eliminate unpleasant odors and simplify the flushing of the lower tank of the dry closet. One is designed for 10 gas stations.
Is it possible to leave a dry closet in an unheated room in winter?
Yes. The dry closet is made of durable, frost-resistant plastic and calmly "overwinters" in a room with sub-zero temperatures. In addition, liquid for dry closets does not freeze at temperatures down to -20 degrees. In more severe frosts, they freeze, but after defrosting they do not lose their properties. However, if the dry closet is not used in winter, it is advisable to drain all the water from the tanks.
Can dry closet liquids cause allergies? How safe are they?
Fluids for dry closets are absolutely safe for humans, they do not emit harmful vapors, do not irritate the skin and do not cause allergic reactions.
Where to dispose of waste?
Waste is discharged into a gutter or sewer. But if in the bottom tank you use
Natalia Lazko 677
Recently, it has become fashionable for many middle-aged Russians to live in a dacha all year round. Although the point here is more likely not in fashion, but in an elementary shortage of square meters. New high-rise buildings in small provincial towns are practically not being built. The children have grown up, have created their own families, and they need dwellings. Therefore, parents often move out of town, and leave apartments for their children.
Of course, subsequently, summer cottages are gradually equipped in such a way that it is as convenient as possible to live in them. A water supply system is being carried out with the installation of a pump in a well or even just into a well, gas is connected from the mainline, since much attention is paid to gasification of small villages today, a column is installed, an extension for a shower and a toilet is being made, etc. However, at first, the comfort of living in the country, especially in winter time, it can be poor. This also applies to the amenities in the yard.
You can, of course, according to the custom of our grandparents, put a simple bucket in the room at night. But it is much better to buy a modern biotulet. Moreover, this "device" is not too expensive. The sale of dry closets is carried out both in regular stores and on the Internet. The owners of summer cottages often leave high-quality models in the senses or the hallway even for the whole day, hiding them, for example, behind a screen. And no smells appear in the house.
Modern manufacturers produce a variety of types of dry closets. Next, let's take a look at which ones are the most popular, and how to choose a quality, but inexpensive model.
Portable and stationary
The advantage of portable models is considered primarily lightness and compactness. A portable dry closet can be easily transported by car and installed in any desired place. Stationary models are wall-mounted and usually connected to a water supply. Sometimes they are complemented by a plastic booth. The latter option is good for installation in the yard in the absence of a septic tank. Usually, stationary equipment is perfect for a home if it already has a toilet room and plumbing, but does not yet have a sewage system.
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Types by type of filler
For the disinfection and neutralization of solid and liquid waste, different compositions can be used in different models. If you wish, you can buy a dry closet:
- Chemical. This variety is unlikely to be suitable for a summer residence. Such dry closets are installed only where there is a centralized sewerage system. The fact is that they use chemicals (formaldehydes) for disinfection. Such a toilet can only be emptied into the sewer. These models are well suited for installation, for example, in the rooms of elderly people in a city apartment.
- Biological. This is a variety that is quite popular among summer residents. The litter in biological toilets contains bacteria that process faeces. After filling the toilet, the "mixture" can not be thrown away, but used as fertilizer. However, these models have one significant drawback. The filler is very expensive for them.
- Peat dry closet. The price for such models is usually not too high and they are also often used in the country. However, it is still better to install them in an outbuilding. Although it is allowed to use this type of plumbing equipment in the rooms. Waste in such toilets is filled with an inexpensive mixture of sawdust, peat and special additives.
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To connect plumbing fixtures to the water supply network, a flexible water pipe is used. It is in demand when connecting faucets, showers, toilets and other points of water intake, and greatly simplifies the installation process. Flexible hose is also used when installing gas equipment. It differs from similar devices for water in manufacturing technology and special safety requirements.
Characteristics and types
Flexible hose for connecting plumbing is a hose of different lengths made of non-toxic synthetic rubber. Due to the elasticity and softness of the material, it easily takes the desired position and allows installation in hard-to-reach places. To protect the flexible hose, the upper reinforcing layer in the form of a braid is designed, which is made of the following materials:
- Aluminum. Such models can withstand no more than +80 ° C and remain functional for 3 years. At high humidity, the aluminum braid is prone to rust.
- Of stainless steel. Thanks to this reinforcing layer, the service life of the flexible water hose is at least 10 years, and the maximum temperature of the transported medium is +95 ° C.
- Nylon. This braid is used for the manufacture of reinforced models that can withstand temperatures up to +110 ° C and are designed for intensive use for 15 years.
As fasteners, nut-nut and nut-union pairs are used, which are made of brass or stainless steel. Devices with different permissible temperatures differ in the color of the braid. Blue ones are used to connect to a pipeline with cold water and the red ones are hot.
When choosing an eyeliner for water, you need to pay attention to its elasticity, reliability of fasteners and purpose. It is also mandatory to have a certificate that excludes the emission of toxic components by rubber during operation.
Features of gas connections
When connecting gas stoves, water heaters and other types of equipment, flexible hoses are also used. Unlike water models, they are yellow and do not pass environmental testing. End steel or aluminum reinforcement is used for fixation. There are the following types of devices for connecting gas appliances:
- PVC hoses reinforced with polyester thread;
- made of synthetic rubber with stainless steel braid;
- bellows made in the form of a corrugated stainless steel tube.
Holding "Santekhkomplekt" offers engineering equipment, fittings, plumbing and accessories for its connection to communications. The assortment is represented by products and materials from well-known foreign and domestic manufacturers. Discounts apply for bulk purchases, and the quality of products is confirmed by certificates of the established form. For informational support and assistance, a personal manager is assigned to each client. The ability to arrange delivery within Moscow and to other regions of the Russian Federation allows you to quickly receive the purchased goods without unnecessary hassle.
Drainage is an irrigation and drainage measure to remove excess groundwater.
If water does not leave the territory of the site for a long time, the soil gleies, if the shrubs and trees quickly disappear (soak), it is necessary to urgently take measures and drain the site.
Reasons for waterlogging
There are several reasons for waterlogging:
- clayey heavy soil structure with low permeability;
- the aquiclude in the form of gray-green and red-brown clays is located close to the surface;
- high groundwater table;
- man-made factors (construction of roads, pipelines, various objects) that impede natural drainage;
- violation of the water balance by the construction of irrigation systems;
- the landscape plot is located in a lowland, a ravine, a hollow. In this case, precipitation and water inflow from higher places play an important role.
What is the risk of excess moisture in the soil
You can see the results of this phenomenon yourself - trees and shrubs perish. Why is this happening?
- the oxygen content in the soil decreases and the carbon dioxide content increases, which leads to a violation of the air exchange processes, the water regime and the diet in the soil;
- oxygen starvation of the root-forming layer occurs, which leads to the death of plant roots;
- the intake of macro and microelements by plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) is disrupted, because excess water washes away the mobile forms of elements from the soil, and they become inaccessible for assimilation;
- there is an intensive breakdown of proteins and, accordingly, the processes of putrefaction are activated.
Plants can tell you what level the groundwater is at
Take a closer look at the flora of your site. The species inhabiting it will tell you at what depth the groundwater layers are located:
- top water - in this place it is best to dig a reservoir;
- at a depth of up to 0.5 m - marigold, horsetails, varieties of sedges - bubbly, holly, fox, Langsdorf reed grass grow;
- at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m - meadowsweet, canary grass,;
- from 1 m to 1.5 m - favorable conditions for meadow fescue, bluegrass, mouse peas, ranks;
- from 1.5 m - wheatgrass, clover, wormwood, plantain.
What is important to know when planning the drainage of the site
Each group of plants has its own moisture needs:
- at a depth of groundwater from 0.5 to 1 m, vegetables and annual flowers can grow in high beds;
- the depth of the water layer up to 1.5 m is well tolerated by vegetables, cereals, annuals and perennials (flowers), ornamental and fruit and berry shrubs, trees on a dwarf rootstock;
- if the groundwater is at a depth of more than 2 m, fruit trees can be grown;
- the optimum depth of groundwater for agriculture is from 3.5 m.
Do you need drainage of the site
Write down your observations at least for a while. You yourself can understand how much drainage is needed.
Maybe it makes sense to just redirect melt and sedimentary water along a bypass channel, rather than letting them flow through your site?
Perhaps it is necessary to design and equip a storm drain and improve the composition of the soil and this will be enough?
Or is it worth making a drainage system only for fruit and ornamental trees?
The exact answer will be given to you by a specialist, whom we strongly recommend to call. But after reading this article, you will gain some awareness of the matter.
At the end of the technological and production tasks related to the arrangement of the sewerage system in an apartment building, industrial building, as well as in a private household, it is required to test the involved system by the forced spill method. This task was applied to identify possible defects or improper installation of the entire sewer part involved, and the test report for internal sewerage systems and gutters will be material evidence of the acceptance of the facility.
The visual check should be accompanied by the introduction into the certificate of testing of internal sewage systems and gutters according to SNIP, which is currently represented by the current regulations of the application of the D series, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary-technical systems of the building", recently a new one has been applied updated working edition for SNiP 3.05.01-85.