Vegetative propagation of plants and its use by man.
According to the textbook:
I.N. Ponomareva
I.V. Nikolaev
O.A. Kornilova
Teacher of chemistry and biology MKOU BSOSH №2
n Delusions
Ushkareva V.Ya
Meadow core
Vegetative propagation of plants
This is an increase in the number of individuals due to the separation of vegetative organs or their parts and their subsequent restoration to a complete organism.
Vegetative propagation of plants: rhizomes (1- gout, 2- bought); stem cuttings (3-currant); mustache (4- strawberries); bulbs (5- tulip); sheet (6-begonia); brood buds ami (7- bryophyllum)
In the process of evolution, many plants have formed special, specialized, bodies, providing their vegetative reproduction: tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stolons, mustaches, corms, brood buds - special adnexal buds.
The formation of daughter individuals similar to the maternal ones in terms of hereditary traits
Ensuring a rapid increase in the number of the species and its settlement
Receipt a large number planting material
Preservation of valuable hereditary properties of the maternal individual in the offspring
People have been widely using vegetative propagation in their economy for a long time. Reproduction of potatoes, strawberries, sugar cane, banana in all countries of the world is carried out only by vegetative means - tubers, mustaches and rhizomes
potatoes b
Sugar cane
strawberry
banana
Vegetative propagation
flowering plants
The main methods of artificial vegetative propagation, as a rule, are the same as in plants in natural conditions.
In agricultural practice, forms of vegetative propagation of plants are used that are not found in the wild.
reproduction
tissue culture
vaccination
stem
eyeball
cutting
(one kidney)
Graft - This is the transplantation of the vegetative parts of one plant to another and their splicing with each other.
rose rootstock
The plant on which it is grafted is called rootstock
- A plant that is grafted onto a rootstock is called scion
Kidney vaccination
Inoculation with an eye - one kidney - is called budding.
Vaccination is usually carried out in the spring, when the plants are actively sap flow. .
Cuttings are harvested in winter, they are stored until spring in a cold place, usually under snow.
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855- 1935)
brought out many varieties of fruit and berry crops
They take small pieces of living tissue, or individual cells from any organ
tissue culture
After a while, small rudiments of new plants appear in the test tube.
under sterile conditions
From one or more cells of a plant, a new organism is formed that has the properties of the organism from which the cells were taken.
Tissue culture can propagate plants that are difficult to propagate or do not propagate by other vegetative methods.
Medicinal
- ginseng
ginkgo
Exotic decorative-
orchids
Protected wild
cedar
Think
- Vegetative propagation of plants this is a natural way of their reproduction and resettlement. It complements, and in some cases replaces, the sexual reproduction of plants. The peculiarity of vegetative propagation is that the daughter organisms repeat the properties of the mother plant almost without changes, since their hereditary properties are determined by only one parent organism. . Vegetative propagation is widely used in agricultural practice. Grafting, the use of tissue culture are important methods of vegetative propagation.
1. What methods of reproduction have you observed or used yourself in the classroom, at home, in the garden?
2. Why do growers often use vegetative propagation of plants?
3. Why, when cutting houseplants, pots with cuttings are usually covered with glass jars?
MKOU "Zenzelinsky secondary school"
Vegetative propagation
plants.
Completed by a student
6 "A" class Ivanova Maria Head: biology teacher
Karimova M.V.
2017-2018 academic year year
Target:
- acquaintance with vegetative propagation of plants, with its varieties;
- formation of the skill of search, research, scientific and educational activities for the study of vegetative reproduction
-expand students' horizons about the methods and types of vegetative propagation.
Tasks
1. Conduct research work on the methods and methods of vegetative propagation
2 Select materials, tools, equipment.
3. Develop a plan for using the vegetative propagation method in the Geranium flower.
5. Propagate the Geranium flower with your own hands carefully and efficiently.
6. Conduct an economic and environmental analysis.
Planned results
propagate geranium flower
Main problems
I think that I will not have any problems, since in biology lessons we studied the vegetative propagation of plants. If necessary, I will ask for help from the teacher of biology Karimova Marina Vladimirovna ..
Equipment and materials
secateurs
soil for plants
Flower pot
Geranium flower
Safety regulations
Before work, you need to prepare jobs. Remove all unnecessary items, wear comfortable clothes so that nothing interferes with the work. Be careful when working with tools. Before starting work, you need to make sure that the equipment is in good condition. Observe safety regulations.
Preliminary economic analysis
Name of product
Cost in rubles
Quantity
Price in rubles
(pebbles)
collect on
The preliminary cost of manufacturing costs is 32.5 rubles, but my product will cost me much less, so my project is economically feasible.
Geranium or Pelargonium
Study:
(vegetative propagation)
The plant is a member of the Geranium family. Scientists call the African continent the birthplace of pelargonium. Geranium got its name from the Greek word "stork", there is a version that the fruit of the plant, similar to a long-billed bird, is to blame.
Caring for geraniums as a house flower is generally easy. The plant is unpretentious, but loves sunlight and warmth. Room temperature is ideal for growing geraniums. With a lack of sunlight, the flower simply will not bloom.
Geranium care consists of regular watering and fertilizing. Pelargonium should be watered abundantly, but at the same time, make sure not to flood the root system. In winter, geraniums are watered less often. The plant feels good in small pots: so the geranium flowers will be brighter and more beautiful. Periodically, it is recommended to loosen the soil so that the roots receive more air, which will help prevent rotting.
Pelargonium propagates by cuttings or seeds
Beneficial features Geraniums have long been used to treat colds. The plant has a powerful antibacterial effect, pelargonium is so strong that all microbes near it die. The plant perfectly disinfects the air, cleans it of bacteria, repels insects. The plant relieves headaches, depressive states. In order for peace and a favorable atmosphere to reign in the house, it is recommended to put a pot of geraniums on the windowsill. The plant will help prevent nervous breakdowns, relieve the effects of stress.
The leaves of this flower are a natural hemostatic agent, they remove pus and help wounds heal faster. Magicians believed that geranium protects against all evil spirits, they consider the flower a “clean” remedy against evil spirits
In cooking, geranium is used to make desserts, compotes. In Bulgaria, this plant is added to compotes; soft drinks are prepared on the basis of this flower. .
How to propagate geraniums at home?
Experienced flower growers manage to propagate pelargonium by cuttings all year round. But the most favorable time for rooting shoots is the period from late February to mid-March.
1. Preparation of cuttings
For cuttings of geraniums, you will need a very sharp, knife or pruner. With its help, it is necessary to carefully cut the stalk with a length of 4-8 cm, which is an escape from the upper part of the plant with vivacious leaves (3 pcs.). It is important that the cut is made at a right angle to the stem. So that the stalk subsequently becomes well accepted and strengthened in the ground, and also acquires reliable durability
After cutting, the cuttings should be left for several hours in a place where they cannot be exposed to direct sunlight. The appearance of a characteristic film on the plant is a signal that it has dried up and withered. Cuttings sprinkled at the cut point with a special tool called « Kornevin » (in its absence, coal dust can be used),
Getting the pot ready for planting.
(until the cuttings dry out)
The pot needs to be good
wash
and dry
Fill the pot with soil
previously
put pebbles in the bottom of the pot
for drainage
Propagation of room geraniums by cuttings at home requires a careful approach when preparing the soil. For rooting cuttings of pelargonium, it is necessary to use a loose substrate.
Not a bad option – universal primer purchased at a specialized store.
The soil also requires special treatment. To do this, you can use any fungicide or potassium permanganate.
Planting a cutting in the ground
The plant needs to be watered
and put in a cool, bright room, but so that direct sunlight does not fall on it
Conclusion
Economic analysis
The cost of making a gift for me amounted to 0 rubles, since all the necessary materials (pot, soil, mother plant) were provided to me by my grandmother. Preliminary costs amounted to 32.5 rubles.
Environmental analysis
Vegetative propagation does not cause pollution environment, since environmentally friendly products were used: ready-made soil, ceramic pot, pebbles for drainage
Project evaluation
I believe that the goal that was set has been achieved, the tasks have been solved. In this I was helped by knowledge of biology and computer science, the possibilities of the Internet.
I hope that my flower will take root and I will give it to my mother on March 8th. (either white or dark pink, I planted different cuttings)
Vegetative propagation is an increase in the number of plant individuals as a result of their development from parts of the mother plant (shoot, root) Vegetative propagation is an increase in the number of plant individuals as a result of their development from parts of the mother plant (shoot, root)
Reproduction by rhizomes A rhizome is an underground shoot that performs the functions of deposition of reserve nutrients, renewal and vegetative propagation, for example: lily of the valley, hoof, violet, couch grass, etc. A rhizome is an underground shoot that performs the functions of deposition of reserve nutrients, renewal and vegetative propagation, for example: lily of the valley, hoof, violet, wheatgrass, etc.
Reproduction by tubers Tubers are thickened fleshy parts of the stem, consisting of one or more internodes. There are aboveground and underground. Above-ground thickening of the main stem (kohlrabi), side shoots) Often have leaves. Above-ground tubers are a reservoir of reserve nutrients and serve for vegetative propagation, they may contain axillary buds with leaf rudiments that fall off and also serve for vegetative propagation (live-bearing buckwheat). Tubers are thickened fleshy parts of the stem, consisting of one or more internodes. There are aboveground and underground. Above-ground thickening of the main stem (kohlrabi), side shoots) Often have leaves. Above-ground tubers are a reservoir of reserve nutrients and serve for vegetative propagation, they may contain axillary buds with leaf rudiments that fall off and also serve for vegetative propagation (live-bearing buckwheat).
Underground tubers are thickening of underground shoots (potato, Jerusalem artichoke). On underground tubers, the leaves are reduced to scales that fall off. In the axils of the leaves are the buds of the eyes. Underground tubers usually develop on stolons of daughter shoots from buds located at the base of the main shoot, look like very thin white stalks bearing small colorless scale-like leaves, grow horizontally. Tubers develop from the apical buds of stolons. Underground tubers are thickening of underground shoots (potato, Jerusalem artichoke). On underground tubers, the leaves are reduced to scales that fall off. In the axils of the leaves are the buds of the eyes. Underground tubers usually develop on stolons of daughter shoots from buds located at the base of the main shoot, look like very thin white stalks bearing small colorless scale-like leaves, grow horizontally. Tubers develop from the apical buds of stolons.
Reproduction by whiskers Above-ground stolons (whiskers) are short-lived creeping shoots that serve for vegetative propagation. They are found in many plants (bone berries, creeping bent grass, forest and garden strawberries). Usually they lack developed green leaves, their stems are thin, fragile, with very long internodes. The apical bud of the stolon, bending upwards, gives a rosette of leaves, which takes root easily. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed. The popular name for these above-ground stolons is a mustache. Above-ground stolons (whiskers) are short-lived creeping shoots that serve for vegetative propagation. They are found in many plants (bone berries, creeping bent grass, forest and garden strawberries). Usually they lack developed green leaves, their stems are thin, fragile, with very long internodes. The apical bud of the stolon, bending upwards, gives a rosette of leaves, which takes root easily. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed. The popular name for these above-ground stolons is a mustache.
Reproduction by brood buds Some liver mosses also have brood buds. They consist of 2-3 cells. Some liver mosses also have brood buds. They consist of 2-3 cells. In Kalanchoe, brood buds also develop on the leaves. In Kalanchoe, brood buds also develop on the leaves.
Reproduction by layering If the currant shoot is pressed to the ground, it will give adventitious roots and shoots from lateral buds. Such an escape is called a branch. By layering, a person propagates many garden shrubs (gooseberries, currants). If the currant shoot is pressed to the ground, it will give adventitious roots and shoots from lateral buds. Such an escape is called a branch. By layering, a person propagates many garden shrubs (gooseberries, currants)
Propagation by stem cuttings The cutting is most often a piece of shoot (several nodes and internodes with buds). If you stick it in wet sand, it will take root, give adventitious roots, and develop shoots from the buds. So from one sprig of currant you can get several bushes. The cutting is most often a piece of the shoot (several nodes and internodes with buds). If you stick it in wet sand, it will take root, give adventitious roots, and develop shoots from the buds. So from one sprig of currant you can get several bushes.
Propagation by leaf cuttings Some types of indoor plants - begonia, Saintpaulia (Uzambara violet), lemon, are propagated by leaf cuttings. The leaves are planted in wet sand. After that, adventitious buds and adventitious roots develop on the leaves. Some types of indoor plants - begonia, saintpaulia (Uzambara violet), lemon, are propagated by leaf cuttings. The leaves are planted in wet sand. After that, adventitious buds and adventitious roots develop on the leaves.
Propagation by root cuttings A root cutting is a segment of a root 1525 cm long. On a root cutting planted in the soil, adventitious shoots develop from adventitious buds, from the bases of which adventitious roots grow. A new, independently existing plant develops. Root cuttings propagate garden raspberries, rose hips, some varieties of apple trees and ornamental plants. The root cutting is a segment of the root 1525 cm long. On the root cutting planted in the soil, adventitious shoots develop from adventitious buds, from the bases of which adventitious roots grow. A new, independently existing plant develops. Root cuttings propagate garden raspberries, rose hips, some varieties of apple trees and ornamental plants.
Reproduction by grafting When grafting, a part of the shoot, called a scion, is not rooted, but engrafted to another plant, usually of the same or similar species. This is an excellent way to propagate fruit trees of valuable varieties, which has existed for a long time. In our time, not whole plants are often propagated, but a culture of plant cells, obtaining whole plants from them. When grafting, a part of the shoot, called a scion, is not rooted, but is planted to another plant, usually of the same or a close species. This is an excellent way to propagate fruit trees of valuable varieties, which has existed for a long time. In our time, not whole plants are often propagated, but a culture of plant cells, obtaining whole plants from them.
Vaccination methods are very diverse. Whole twigs and individual buds are grafted into the split of the shoot, to its cut or incision in the bark. Vaccination methods are very diverse. Whole twigs and individual buds are grafted into the split of the shoot, to its cut or incision in the bark.
Reproduction by bulbs The bulb is an underground, less often above-ground shoot with a very short flattened stem (bottom) and scaly, fleshy, succulent leaves that store water and nutrients. Aerial shoots grow from the apical and axillary buds of the bulbs, and adventitious roots form on the bottom. Bulbs are typical for plants from the lily family (lilies, tulips, blueberries, onions) and amaryllis (amaryllis, daffodils, hyacinths). Depending on the placement of the leaves, bulbs are scaly (onion, hyacinth), tiled (lily) and prefabricated or complex (garlic). In the sinus of some scales of the bulb there are buds from which the daughter bulbs of the baby develop. Bulbs help the plant survive in adverse conditions and are the organ of vegetative reproduction. The bulb is an underground, rarely above-ground shoot with a very short flattened stem (bottom) and scaly, fleshy, succulent leaves that store water and nutrients. Aerial shoots grow from the apical and axillary buds of the bulbs, and adventitious roots form on the bottom. Bulbs are typical for plants from the lily family (lilies, tulips, blueberries, onions) and amaryllis (amaryllis, daffodils, hyacinths). Depending on the placement of the leaves, bulbs are scaly (onion, hyacinth), tiled (lily) and prefabricated or complex (garlic). In the sinus of some scales of the bulb there are buds from which the daughter bulbs of the baby develop. Bulbs help the plant survive in adverse conditions and are the organ of vegetative reproduction.
Reproduction by root suckers Some plants reproduce by root suckers. For example: some of the raspberry roots grow horizontally, shallow from the soil surface. Adnexal buds are formed on them, from which young above-ground shoots of offspring grow. Root offspring, along with part of the roots of the mother plant, can be separated and planted in a new place. Some plants reproduce by root suckers. For example: some of the raspberry roots grow horizontally, shallow from the soil surface. Adnexal buds are formed on them, from which young above-ground shoots of offspring grow. Root offspring, along with part of the roots of the mother plant, can be separated and planted in a new place.
Reproduction by corms Corms look like bulbs, but their leaves do not serve as storage organs, they are dry, membranous, often they are the remains of the sheaths of dead green leaves. The storage organ is the stem part of the corm, it is thickened. Characteristic for gladioli, saffron (crocuses). Corms look like bulbs, but their leaves do not serve as storage organs, they are dry, membranous, often they are the remains of the sheaths of dead green leaves. The storage organ is the stem part of the corm, it is thickened. Characteristic for gladioli, saffron (crocuses). Babies (2) are formed at the end of the growing season at the base of the replacement corm (1) and are the organs of vegetative propagation of gladioli.
Conclusion: vegetative reproduction, as well as seed reproduction, contributes to an increase in the number of individuals and their resettlement. During vegetative propagation, plants inherit the characteristics of the mother plant. This is used in agricultural practice to quickly obtain high yields (for example, potato tubers) and to preserve valuable varieties of cultivated plants (for example, fruit trees when grafted
1 slide
2 slide
Vegetative reproduction is an increase in the number of plant individuals as a result of their development from parts of the mother plant (shoot, root)
3 slide
Reproduction by rhizomes A rhizome is an underground shoot that performs the functions of deposition of reserve nutrients, renewal and vegetative reproduction, for example: lily of the valley, hoof, violet, couch grass, etc.
4 slide
Reproduction by tubers Tubers are thickened fleshy parts of the stem, consisting of one or more internodes. There are aboveground and underground. Aboveground - thickening of the main stem (kohlrabi), side shoots) Often have leaves. Above-ground tubers are a reservoir of reserve nutrients and serve for vegetative propagation, they may contain axillary buds with leaf rudiments that fall off and also serve for vegetative propagation (live-bearing buckwheat).
5 slide
Underground tubers - thickening of underground shoots (potato, Jerusalem artichoke). On underground tubers, the leaves are reduced to scales that fall off. In the axils of the leaves are buds - eyes. Underground tubers usually develop on stolons - daughter shoots - from buds located at the base of the main shoot, look like very thin white stalks, bearing small, colorless scale-like leaves, grow horizontally. Tubers develop from the apical buds of stolons.
6 slide
Reproduction by mustaches Aboveground stolons (whiskers) are short-lived creeping shoots that serve for vegetative propagation. They are found in many plants (bone berries, creeping bent grass, forest and garden strawberries). Usually they lack developed green leaves, their stems are thin, fragile, with very long internodes. The apical bud of the stolon, bending upwards, gives a rosette of leaves, which takes root easily. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed. The popular name for these above-ground stolons is mustache.
7 slide
Reproduction by root offspring Some plants, like this aspen, can form shoots on the roots and thus multiply.
8 slide
Reproduction by brood buds Some liver mosses also have brood buds. They consist of 2-3 cells. In Kalanchoe, brood buds also develop on the leaves.
9 slide
Reproduction by layering If the currant shoot is pressed to the ground, it will give adventitious roots and shoots from lateral buds. Such an escape is called a branch. By layering, a person propagates many garden shrubs (gooseberries, currants)
10 slide
Propagation by stem cuttings A cutting is most often a piece of a shoot (several nodes and internodes with buds). If you stick it in wet sand, it will take root - it will give adventitious roots, and shoots will develop from the buds. So from one sprig of currant you can get several bushes.
11 slide
Propagation by leaf cuttings Some types of indoor plants - begonia, Saintpaulia (Uzambara violet), lemon, are propagated by leaf cuttings. The leaves are planted in wet sand. After that, adventitious buds and adventitious roots develop on the leaves.
12 slide
Propagation by root cuttings A root cutting is a segment of a root 15-25 cm long. On a root cutting planted in the soil, adventitious shoots develop from adventitious buds, from the bases of which adventitious roots grow. A new, independently existing plant develops. Root cuttings propagate garden raspberries, rose hips, some varieties of apple trees and ornamental plants.
13 slide
Reproduction by grafting When grafting, a part of the shoot, called a scion, is not rooted, but engrafted to another plant, usually of the same or similar species. This is an excellent way to propagate fruit trees of valuable varieties, which has existed for a long time. In our time, not whole plants are often propagated, but a culture of plant cells, obtaining whole plants from them.
14 slide
Vaccination methods are very diverse. Whole twigs and individual buds are grafted into the split of the shoot, to its cut or incision in the bark.
15 slide
Reproduction by bulbs A bulb is an underground, less often above-ground shoot with a very short flattened stem (bottom) and scaly, fleshy, succulent leaves that store water and nutrients. Aerial shoots grow from the apical and axillary buds of the bulbs, and adventitious roots form on the bottom. Bulbs are typical for plants from the lily family (lilies, tulips, blueberries, onions) and amaryllis (amaryllis, daffodils, hyacinths). Depending on the placement of the leaves, bulbs are scaly (onion, hyacinth), tiled (lily) and prefabricated or complex (garlic). In the sinus of some scales of the bulb there are buds from which the daughter bulbs develop - babies. Bulbs help the plant survive in adverse conditions and are the organ of vegetative reproduction.
17 slide
Reproduction by corms Corms are outwardly similar to bulbs, but their leaves do not serve as storage organs, they are dry, membranous, often they are the remains of the sheaths of dead green leaves. The storage organ is the stem part of the corm, it is thickened. Characteristic for gladioli, saffron (crocuses). Babies (2) are formed at the end of the growing season at the base of the replacement corm (1) and are the organs of vegetative propagation of gladioli.
18 slide
Conclusion: vegetative reproduction, as well as seed reproduction, contributes to an increase in the number of individuals and their resettlement. During vegetative propagation, plants inherit the characteristics of the mother plant. This is used in agricultural practice to quickly obtain high yields (for example, potato tubers) and to preserve valuable varieties of cultivated plants (for example, fruit trees when grafted
slide 1
Vegetative propagation of plants
slide 2
Plant reproduction is a physiological process of reproduction of similar organisms, ensuring the continuity of the existence of the species and its settlement in the environment. Thanks to reproduction, life has existed on Earth for millions of years.
What is reproduction
slide 3
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in which a relatively large, usually differentiated part is separated from the plant and develops into an independent plant. Vegetative reproduction can be natural and artificial.
What is vegetative propagation
slide 4
Natural vegetative reproduction occurs in nature without human intervention.
Natural vegetative propagation
slide 5
Artificial vegetative propagation is carried out by humans and is widely used in crop production. It makes it possible to obtain a large amount of planting material, quickly increase the number of cultivated plants, and preserve varietal characteristics, since the characteristics of the mother plant are repeated in the offspring.
Artificial vegetative propagation
slide 6
The basis of vegetative propagation is the ability of plants to restore the entire organism from a part of the body. This ability is called regeneration (from Latin "regenerate" - I restore).
The basis of vegetative propagation
Slide 7
As a result of vegetative propagation, a large number of identical descendants appear, which are a copy of the mother plant.
Result
Slide 8
Cuttings: stem, leaf and root; The division of the bushes; layering; Mustache Brood buds; Modified shoots; Live birth - "children"; Inoculation.
Methods of vegetative reproduction
Slide 9
Stem cuttings are parts of a shoot with several (4-5) buds. They breed roses, currants, grapes, geraniums...
stem cuttings
Slide 10
Leaf cuttings are leaves or their particles that give rise to a new plant. They breed violets, begonias, sansevera ...
leaf cuttings
slide 11
Root cuttings - parts of the roots with several additional buds, from which new shoots of the plant originate. they breed raspberries, plums ...
Root cuttings
slide 12
Widely used in crop production this way vegetative reproduction. An adult bush is divided into two or more parts. Aspidistra, chlorophytum, primrose, bluebells, cyperus, bamboos, orchids, ferns, etc., reproduce well in this way.
The division of the bush
slide 13
Layers are parts of a plant that a person creates artificially by leaning several branches against the soil. Over time, they take root and grow new plants.
layering
Slide 14
Whiskers are parts of a creeping stem that extend from an adult plant and root at the nodes to form young plants.
mustache
slide 15
Brood buds are rare in plants. These are small formations that grow in the axils of the leaves and, under certain conditions, new plants are formed from them.
Reproduction by brood buds.
slide 16
Modified shoots are tuber, bulb and rhizome. With the help of them, a significant part of cultivated and wild plants reproduces: potatoes, onions, garlic, lilies, daffodils, lilies of the valley, weeds.
Modified shoots
Slide 17
In some plants, in the axils of the leaves and in the inflorescences, instead of flowers, small shoots are formed that fall off the mother plant and take root. Such plants were called viviparous, as it was mistakenly believed that seeds germinate on their mother plant. These plants are distributed mainly in polar, alpine or steppe places where the seeds do not have time to ripen. These include, for example, steppe bluegrass, some arctic fescue, saxifrage. Viviparous plants also include those on the leaves of which “babies” appear, which then fall off and germinate, as, for example, in room bryophyllus.
Live birth - "children"