Mandatory audit of the current year. Statutory audit criteria for LLC Who is subject to statutory audit in

The obligatory audit is carried out by the company every year. The auditors are licensed independent audit firms. The result of the check is the verifier's conclusion about the correctness of the reflection of the facts of economic and financial activities. Not all companies have to undergo a statutory audit. So, annually the following should be checked:

1. joint stock companies;
2. credit institutions;
3. insurance firms;
4. investment funds;
5. companies whose securities are traded on the stock exchange and others.

Other enterprises must also undergo mandatory checks if their activities exceed the established financial indicators. Statutory audit criteria in 2018:

• proceeds over 400 million rubles, excluding VAT;
• the company's assets at the end of the year exceed 60 million rubles.

The criteria that oblige the company to conduct an audit are established by clause 1 of Art. 5 of Law No. 307-FZ. If, as a result of the company's activities, at least one of these requirements is met, it must conduct an audit. The information is taken from the previous year, i.e. if, after the end of the year, the activities of the enterprise met one of the requirements, the next year it needs to undergo a mandatory audit.

As you can see, there are no special requirements governing the statutory audit for an LLC. If the assets or revenues of the company exceed the established norms, the LLC must be audited annually. The obligation of an annual audit for an LLC may be established by the charter or by a decision of the company's participants. But in fact, and in another case, we are talking about a proactive audit.

There are also requirements for how the audit should be carried out. The audit must meet the following criteria:

• Verification is carried out on all activities of the organization. All assets, liabilities, inventories of the company are evaluated. Accounting and tax reporting are analyzed. The verification of the reliability of settlements with founders, regulatory authorities, budget funds is carried out.
• The conclusion of the testing company must be specific. At the end of the audit, the auditor must make a clear verdict whether reliable or not information is presented in the financial statements.
• The audit is conducted in compliance with all standards. Previously, the audit rules were governed by Russian law. However, everything has changed since 2017 and the activities of audit firms must already meet international standards.

An audit is a very time-consuming process, therefore, a detailed plan is drawn up immediately before the audit. At the beginning, information about the enterprise where it will take place is studied. Based on this information, strategy and tactics are determined, an audit program is developed, a schedule and a plan are drawn up. Everything is agreed with the client.

Then the check itself is carried out. All financial, accounting and statutory documents are studied. The data obtained is analyzed, and an assessment is made for their compliance with Russian legislation. The identified shortcomings are recorded, the auditor proposes measures to eliminate them.

The final conclusions are presented to the founders of the organization in the form of an audit report. There are two types of conclusions: an unconditionally positive, such a decision is made if no violations were found during the inspection, and a modified one. The latter, in turn, is divided into three subtypes:

1. positively with reservations;
2. negative;
3. refusal to express an opinion, issued in case of incomplete submission of documents for verification.

Basically, in practice, positive opinions or opinions with a reservation are issued. The other two options account for less than 1% of the conclusions.

After receiving the document, the company must submit it to Rosstat. The opinion is submitted along with the annual balance sheet and other statements. This must be done within 10 days from the date of its submission to the legal entity, but before the end of the year following the reporting year.

The transition to international requirements has made adjustments to the audit procedure. First of all, this affected the statement of the auditor's opinion based on the results of the audit. The form of the conclusion has changed, now it has become more informative. In addition to assessing the financial performance of the company, it includes an analysis of the main points that interested the auditor and a listing of possible risks for future activities.

Since 2018, the audit secret has actually been abolished.... Now the FTS can receive any documents on the audit carried out from the audit company. Moreover, according to the new amendments, the tax authorities are allowed to disclose the information received.

The check was not carried out, what will be

Ignoring the legislation entails the imposition of penalties. Both the organization itself and its head can be fined. Supervisors can issue both fines.

In the case of a statutory audit, a violation is:

• Failure to submit information to statistics authorities. It is not necessary to submit an opinion to the tax office. The fine for the manager will be from 300 to 500 rubles. The company will pay 3,000 - 5,000 rubles;
• Absence or untimely entry of information into the state register on the activities of organizations. The enterprise may be subject to sanctions in the amount of 5,000 to 50,000 rubles;
• Violation of the storage period for audit results. An on-site tax audit can request audit documents for the past 5 years. This is the period established for the storage of audit reports by law. If there are no documents, the organization will be fined 5,000 - 10,000 rubles.

All LLCs subject to legal requirements must undergo mandatory checks, otherwise you will have to pay heavy fines. It is also important to keep track of the deadlines for the submission of audit reports to the statistics bodies, their violation will also entail the imposition of penalties.

Look at the new rules according to which a statutory audit is carried out for LLCs in 2017, the new criteria for 2017, in which cases it is carried out, as well as new fines for companies. Check if your company falls under them, and if so, in what time frame it is necessary to report on the verification made.

We have prepared simple and understandable answers to these questions for you, collecting all the latest news regarding the mandatory audit of companies, and also identified what opportunities exist that will help firms save on audit in 2017.

What's new with the audit in 2017, have the criteria for statutory audit of companies changed?

In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, in 2017 a number of companies are subject to a mandatory audit. Statutory audit criteria in 2017 have not undergone significant changes, however, the form of the auditor's report has changed significantly. These innovations will bring additional costs both for accountants and CEOs of companies, and for the auditors themselves.

The main changes relate to both the form of the auditor's report and its content. The statutory audit from January 1, 2017 has become stricter, but at the same time more open. The change in the form of the auditor's report has led to the fact that it has become more transparent, but on the other hand, more time-consuming, which cannot but affect the cost of the audit.

An audit must be based on reliable accounting and tax reporting, as well as confirm the transparency of accounting and tax accounting, comply with the criteria set by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and is issued in a form approved by law.

Consider which companies fall under statutory audit in 2017 and criteria by which these companies are selected.

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Criteria for statutory audit in 2017

There are a number of criteria for conducting a statutory audit in 2017. An audit must be performed if at least one of these criteria is met. Mandatory audit is carried out in the following cases:

P / p No.	Criterion for statutory audit in 2017
	The volume of the company's revenue is more than 400 million rubles or the total assets of the balance sheet are more than 60 million rubles
	If the legal form of organization is JSC (Joint Stock Company), CJSC (Closed Joint Stock Company), PJSC (Public Joint Stock Company)
	The company publishes consolidated financial statements, is an insurance or clearing company
	The securities issued by the company are admitted to organized trading on the market
	The company is a mutual insurance company, a non-state pension fund, or is a counter to credit histories (the full list is contained in Law No. 307-FZ "On Auditing Activities" and Law No. 208-FZ "On Consolidated Financial Statements"

In this way, 2017 criteria for statutory audit do not differ from the 2016 criteria.

When and where to submit an opinion on the statutory audit in 2017

If a company falls under criteria for statutory audit in 2017, then she is obliged to provide Rosstat with an opinion on this check. As a rule, the conclusion is transmitted along with the package of financial statements, however, it can be done separately within ten working days, starting from the next day of the date specified in the conclusion, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year.

Features of the statutory audit in 2017

Since January 1, 2017, Russia has introduced the mandatory parameters of 30 International Standards on Auditing (ISA), in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of October 24, 2016 No. 192n. Additionally, by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 09.11.2016 No. 207n, 18 new audit standards were approved. In general, the audit has become more transparent and in line with international standards, but more cumbersome and, accordingly, more expensive. Mandatory audit for LLC in 2017 in accordance with the requirements of the ISA, it will require an increased volume of data provided by the company's accounting department, but at the same time, the transparency and publicity of the audit results will increase.

Possibility to reduce costs for statutory audit in 2017

The introduction of a new form of auditor's report and new auditing standards will seriously affect the costs of the company for statutory audit, because will require a significant increase in the burden both on the accountant and financial management of the company and on auditors, which will certainly lead to an increase in the costs of the audit. However, for a number of companies, the government has left a legal way not to apply the standards that have come into force for auditing. So, if the audit agreement was concluded before January 1, 2017, then the audit can be carried out according to the standards of 2016, thereby allowing companies to postpone the increase in costs for statutory audit in 2017 for at least one year.

Penalties for failure to submit an auditor's report on time or failing to conduct a statutory audit in 2017

If the company did not take care of the mandatory audit in 2017 in time, or did not submit the conclusion of this audit in time, it can be fined. The penalties in force in 2017 are very substantial. So the head (official) will be punished in the amount of 10,000 to 20,000 rubles, and the organization itself - from 20,000 to 700,000 rubles.

Review of the latest changes in taxes, contributions and salaries

You have to restructure your work due to numerous amendments to the Tax Code. They affected all major taxes, including income tax, VAT and personal income tax.

The regulation of the activities of Russian business is more and more approaching, which is associated with both the inflow of foreign investment and the entry of Russian companies into foreign capital markets.

For effective interaction with Russian and foreign partners in Russia for 2020 international auditing standards were introduced which seriously influenced the established practice of conducting inspections.

The audit requirements for limited liability companies do not apply to all companies, but only to legal entities that meet certain criteria. This is due to the fact that the majority of LLCs related to small and medium-sized businesses have low financial turnover, do not bring their shares or bonds to the securities market, publish a prospectus, and do not attract money from individuals. Consequently, there is no need for additional verification of the reliability of their reporting.

Main criteria for verification

Companies whose activities affect the interests of many third parties or have sufficiently high financial performance should undergo a mandatory audit. These criteria are established by the legislation on auditing and sometimes change in terms of raising the thresholds for revenue and.

Requirements for LLC are divided into two groups: by type of activity and other similar characteristics and by financial indicators. On these grounds, LLCs can be distinguished, which are subjects of statutory audit. Joint-stock companies in the form of PJSC, whose shares are distributed by public subscription, are checked in any case, regardless of compliance with other criteria.

Subjects

The law establishes the following groups of limited liability companies for which audit annual reporting is required:

1. By type of activity- audit must be carried out by banks, insurance companies, pension funds, holding companies that prepare consolidated statements for the holding and publish them, companies whose bonds are traded on the organized securities market.
2. By financial indicators these requirements apply to enterprises with a revenue exceeding RUB 400 million, as well as if the balance sheet asset currency exceeds RUB 60 million.

If a limited liability company meets these criteria, the requirements for auditing the annual financial statements become mandatory for it. Compared to last year, nothing has changed in these criteria, no new subjects or requirements have appeared.

According to the new goals and objectives of the statutory audit in 2020, there will be not only standard verification of the reliability of financial statements and identification of errors that arise during accounting, but also business analysis... The first two tasks remain in full and are somewhat expanded, so the responsibility of checking the work of internal auditors falls on the shoulders of external auditors.

The task of business analysis is to identify risks, factors due to which there are obstacles in the development of the company's activities, and the development of recommendations for such a change in financial and economic activities that will help eliminate these risks.

Despite the fact that the conclusion from this year is subject to mandatory publication, its business part must be completed as correct and balanced as possible, it is impossible to allow an incorrect interpretation of certain facts of economic life.

Legislation

In addition to the main laws, mandatory audit is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 192n, issued on October 24, 2016. He entered into force 30 International Standards on Auditing.

Also a little later, Order No. 203n was adopted, which approved 18 more standards. Among the most significant changes:

• implementation of the principles of phased audit;
• introduction of the concept of audit evidence;
• changing the form of the conclusion, instead of the standard report, an extended document is proposed with an analysis of the organization's activities, business risks and other issues;
• preparation of a modified opinion;
• the auditor's report made for organizations that require statutory audit should be published.

With the introduction of new standards, the responsibility of audit organizations has increased, and competition will also increase, since the publication of reports will give everyone an opportunity to get acquainted with the quality of the auditors' work before concluding contracts.

Seriously influenced the work of auditors cancellation of audit secrecy provisions... According to it, the employees of audit companies are responsible for reporting to the financial monitoring bodies about the so-called "strange" transactions of clients.

Changes in cost

The new standards have significantly increased the labor intensity of the work of the specialists checking the reports. Seriously changed requirements, the need to fill in additional tables increased the labor costs of specialists by 30-40% , the price of these services should have increased proportionally.

In any case, the cost of the auditor's services must be approved by the members of the company, therefore, when bringing the issue of mandatory audit to a meeting of participants, the price must be determined.

Checking procedure

Audit and its essence have not undergone any changes... The correctness of accounting is checked as standard on the basis of documents for a certain sample; a complete audit is not carried out. But the volume of information provided has increased significantly, and hence the burden on the accountant.

Also, the need for business analysis forces the management of the enterprise to take part in the audit, from which comments on certain risks in the activity will be required. The auditors themselves are mandated by the standards to inform management about deficiencies in the internal audit systems.

The auditor must be identified at the meeting of the participants. He starts checking as soon as the reporting is ready, but before its delivery. Thus, the main work of the auditor will have to for march- for accounting reports, for june- for the tax office.

Given the significant complication of the requirements, it is better not to take risks and start checking as early as possible, there is a great risk of not having time to prepare a report, which can lead to various sanctions.

In addition, conducting a phased audit will enable accountants and financiers to use the consultations of auditors on controversial issues of tax legislation and accounting throughout the year.

The result of the check will be drawing up an opinion which is seriously different from the previously accepted forms. The collection of recommended forms of conclusions was approved by the Ministry of Finance, it contains recommendations for ordinary and special conclusions, which are formed based on the results of checking the consolidated statements.

Can an organization be penalized for failing to conduct a statutory audit? Yes but sanctions will not follow directly... First of all, she will be denied acceptance of the annual financial statements. Such a failure is hello to the imposition of administrative responsibility on it.

It can also be established that a gross violation of the rules of accounting is established, which will lead to an administrative fine in the amount of up to 20,000 rubles... Small fines can be imposed for failure to provide an opinion along with reporting and statistics authorities.

Compared to previous periods, almost nothing has changed, with the exception of the requirements for the inclusion of data on the mandatory audit in the Unified State Register in accordance with Law 129-FZ and the requirements for the mandatory publication of audit results.

Failure to comply with this requirement may become the basis for bringing to administrative responsibility, the manager may be disqualified or fined up to 50,000 rubles(Clauses 6, 7, 8, Article 14.2 of the Administrative Code).

The sanctions imposed on the auditors themselves have tightened. For the unreliability of the conclusion, they may be subject to sanctions according to the Administrative Code, and it is also expected to introduce criminal liability if the preparation of a poor-quality report led to significant losses. The law on criminal liability is still pending.

Changes in the verification procedure, on the one hand, are positive, increasing the transparency of enterprises and the confidence of investors and partners in them, on the other hand, the disclosure of additional information, which has ceased to be a tax secret, may lead to an increase in the cost of bank loans due to the publicity of some risks. But in the end reviewing the documentation for the new rules should benefit the business.

Why do you need an audit? Details are in this video.

Audit is an audit of accounting (financial) statements carried out by an independent auditor, the purpose of which is to determine how reliable these statements are. In some cases, the audit should be carried out without fail, and not only at the request of the organizations themselves. In this article, we will consider when an audit is mandatory, what are its criteria in 2017, and what sanctions may follow if the organization ignores the statutory audit.

Mandatory audit 2017

The statutory audit is carried out annually. Its results are reflected in the auditor's report - an official document intended for users of audited accounting (financial) statements. Deadlines for statutory audits are not established by law and are determined by the organization itself. It should be borne in mind that the auditor's report must be submitted to Rosstat together with the annual accounting records, or no later than 10 working days after the date of the auditor's report, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year (Article 18 of the Law of 06.12.2011 No. 402 -FZ).

The auditor expresses in the report his opinion on the reliability of the audited statements and indicates the circumstances that may significantly affect this reliability. After completing the statutory audit, the individual auditor or audit firm submits its opinion to the auditee.

Having received the audit report in hand, the organization through a special operator places the results, which received a mandatory audit, in the "Unified Federal Register of Information on the Facts of Legal Entities' Activities".

Statutory audit criteria 2017

The criteria that determine the need for a statutory audit are certain conditions that an organization must meet. Let's list what these criteria are:

1. organizational and legal form of a legal entity (for example, all joint stock companies are subject to mandatory audit);
2. carrying out a certain type of activity (insurance, banking, etc.);
3. certain financial indicators (income or asset value of a legal entity exceeds a certain limit);
4. a legal entity is a specific state corporation or organization (Central Bank, Russian Railways, etc.);
5. the need for consolidated reporting.

Organizations subject to statutory audit

The Law “On Auditing” dated 30.12.2008 No. 307-FZ contains a list of cases of mandatory audit, but it is not exhaustive. Most fully the subjects of statutory audit are listed in the Information of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated January 11, 2017.

The cases of statutory audit indicated in the Information are presented in a table of 69 items, grouped according to the main criteria, with an indication of the legislation, the reporting that must be checked, as well as the requirements for auditors who have the right to carry out such checks.

So, based on the criteria, the mandatory audit is carried out by the following organizations:

1. joint-stock companies, funds, federal state unitary enterprises, state corporations, state-owned companies, public companies (paragraphs 1-9 of the Information);
2. companies, whose securities are admitted to trading, credit institutions, credit bureaus, insurance companies, mutual insurance companies, professional associations of insurers, professional participants in the securities market, clearing organizations, trade organizers, depositories, and the mandatory audit is carried out by joint-stock investment funds, NPFs, microfinance organizations, organizers of lotteries and gambling, credit and housing savings cooperatives, self-regulatory organizations, political parties, developers, etc. (paragraphs 10-50 of the Information);
3. conduct a mandatory audit of an organization whose revenue for the previous year is more than 400 million rubles, or the amount of assets on the balance sheet is more than 60 million rubles (clause 68 of the Information);
4. statutory audit of financial statements is carried out by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Deposit Insurance Agency, Vnesheconombank, the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services, the State Corporation Roscosmos, JSC Russian Railways, the Fund for Assistance to Lending and others (p. 11-67 of the Information);
5. statutory audit is performed by all organizations that present and / or publish consolidated (consolidated) accounting (financial) statements (clause 69 of the Information).

Mandatory audit for LLC

The law does not require an LLC to submit an auditor's report as part of its financial statements. Nevertheless, for such legal entities, a compulsory accounting audit is possible according to the financial criterion, if the permissible amount of proceeds / assets is exceeded. This is impossible only in the first year of activity, since they do not yet have indicators of the periods preceding the reporting one. If other criteria are met, the LLC is subject to mandatory audit.

The mandatory audit of a small enterprise will be carried out in a similar way - if the legal entity meets the above criteria. The status of a small business entity does not matter.

Mandatory audit: responsibility

In case of failure or violation of the deadline for submitting an audit report to Rosstat by an organization that requires a mandatory audit, fines may amount to (Article 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

• from 3000 to 5000 rubles for the organization,
• from 300 to 500 rubles on officials.

For failure to conduct a statutory audit, fines are already more significant (Article 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

• from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. on the leadership of the organization;
• in case of repeated violation - up to 20,000 rubles, or disqualification of an official for 1-2 years.

If a JSC does not have a statutory audit of financial statements, then the amount of fines increases many times over (Article 2 of Article 15.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

• from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles. - for the management of the joint-stock company;
• from 700,000 to 1,000,000 rubles. - for the organization.

In 2019, many companies are required to conduct a statutory audit of financial statements. Read who exactly is subject to mandatory audit, what is the responsibility for failure and how to choose the right auditor.

For whom audit is mandatory

An audit is an event that allows a company to assess how correctly its financial statements are drawn up, taxes are calculated, etc. In addition, it allows management to assess the financial situation of his firm. In some cases, managers themselves appoint an internal or external review. For example, before restructuring, sale, merger of a company, sometimes it may be a requirement of a credit institution). Often foreign firms require audits from their Russian divisions. But there are also organizations that fall under the statutory audit.

Statutory audit criteria in 2019

What firms cannot shirk the eye of auditors? According to Federal Law No. 307 of 30.12.2008, audit is mandatory for:

1. Joint Stock Companies.
2. Firms whose securities are traded.
3. Credit, insurance organizations and investment funds (including pension funds) and their management companies.
4. Large companies (except for government agencies, etc.). These are firms whose revenue for the year before the reporting year exceeded 400 million rubles or whose assets at the end of the same period were more than 60 million rubles.
5. Organizations (except for state or municipal bodies and other state institutions) presenting (disclosing) annual consolidated accounting or financial statements.
6. Certain other organizations (as per other applicable laws).

However, the choice and the procedure itself also depends on who owns the audited firm.

Legal commentary

Senior Associate CAF Group

Since both commercial and state-owned companies are subject to audit, the decision is made by their owners. For state-owned companies and companies with state capital, the obligation to hold open tenders for the selection of an auditor is established by law. Purely commercial companies themselves have the right to establish procedures for the selection and conclusion of transactions with auditors, as a rule, such a procedure is established in the statutory documents of the companies.

The restriction regarding the certificate obtained after January 1, 2011 was introduced by the Ministry of Finance due to the fact that since that time the simplified procedure for passing the qualification exam for obtaining an auditor's certificate has ceased to operate. Thus, new requirements for auditors were established, while the powers of those auditors who had received a certificate earlier were reduced.

So, everything is clear with the formal characteristics. How then to choose from a large number of proposals? This primarily applies to commercial companies.

There are, of course, general guidelines. As with the provision of any other services - from selling clothes to legal advice - you first need to study the information on the auditors' website. The long term of the firm's existence, the presence of large, respectable clients and their reviews on the site, a variety of audit and consulting services, a well-made site speak for themselves.

One important condition that it is desirable to observe: the audit firm must be insured. It is about the professional responsibility of specialists. Indeed, even the most competent experts with vast experience can admit negligence, inattention, give incorrect recommendations in this regard, or miss a mistake. And this, in turn, can lead to financial expenses: for example, due to the sanctions of the tax authorities or due to the restoration of a lost or damaged document.

And, of course, price plays an important role. Obviously, not all firms are able to hire “stars” of the audit industry for mandatory independent audits, who are able to conduct the audit as thoroughly as possible, give the best recommendations, and even, if necessary, in a relatively short time frame. Therefore, when choosing specialists, it is very important to take into account the methodology for calculating the cost of their services (this information is not always available on the site).

Stages of the statutory audit

Preparatory stage... After concluding an agreement on the provision of services to auditors, you need to understand what is the specificity of the firm's activities, determine the scope and timing of work, as well as the number of specialists required for verification.

What to check in the contract with auditors

When concluding a contract for the audit of a company's financial statements, make sure that all its provisions are interpreted unambiguously and do not raise questions. Read on how to determine the main milestones that require special attention when negotiating a contract with auditors, to avoid an unjustified increase in costs for their services, and to obtain an audit opinion within a specified time frame.

Verification phase... At this stage, the auditor examines the statements themselves and other necessary documents, if necessary, requests clarifications from the financial department / accounting department.

Preparation of the conclusion... The auditor draws up a conclusion in which he points out the deficiencies found, makes recommendations to the management and the financial department of the company. Then the conclusion must be bound and certified with a signature and seal.

When conducting an audit and writing an opinion, it is necessary to be guided by International Standards on Auditing (IS, which can be read on the website of the Ministry of Finance (effective from January 1, 2017). In addition, rules developed by a self-regulatory organization apply. It is important to remember that they should not contradict ISA and their observance is mandatory for all members of the organization.

An innovation that appeared in 2016: the customer must register the results of a mandatory check in the Unified Federal Register of information on the facts of the activities of legal entities.

Structure of the conclusion

The legislation describes in detail the compulsory constituent parts of the conclusion.

So, in the beginning comes the title "Auditor's Report". Then the addressee is indicated (these can be shareholders, members of the LLC, as well as other persons).

Information about the company must be provided: its name, state registration number, and location.

Information about the auditors themselves is also necessary: ​​registration data, the name of the self-regulatory organization of auditors, which includes the audit firm or auditor.

Next comes the data on the audited accounting (financial) statements: its list, the period for which it was drawn up, the distribution of responsibility in its relation between the customer and the audit organization (or individual entrepreneur).

An obligatory part is the statement of the audit carried out by the auditors.

A very important part of the conclusion reflects the opinion of experts about the reliability of the reports they studied. In this case, circumstances are indicated that can significantly affect its reliability.

The conclusion can be unmodified or modified. The first option is drawn up if the specialist has not found any significant inconsistencies in reporting with the rules, that is, all data is reflected in it properly. The second option has three possibilities.

1. Qualified opinion. It is possible only if the discovered (or possible, but not proven) discrepancies, although they are significant, do not affect the most significant elements of the reporting.
2. Negative opinion. It is entered if the expert has found evidence that the misstatements, collectively or separately, significantly affect the reliability of the reporting.
3. Disclaimer of Expression of Opinion. This option is possible when there is a lack of evidence from the auditor, allowing to come to any opinion regarding the reporting. However, he may believe that possible misstatements may materially negatively affect it.