Tsybulko OGE Russian language options.

Essays for the collection “OGE – 2018. Tsybulko. 36 options"

Essay on the topic “The boy was tall and thin, he kept his exorbitantly long arms deep in his pockets” (Option 1)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Valentina Danilovna Chernyak: “Emotional-evaluative words include words that are associated with the expression of any feeling, attitude towards a person, assessment of the subject of speech, situations and communication”

The famous linguist V.D. Chernyak writes about emotional-evaluative words that they are associated with feelings, attitude or assessment. I think that such words help us understand the characters and the author's intention. For example, in the text by R. P. Pogodin many such words are used. Let's say in sentence 13 Mishka says about Sim that he “got out.” This word shows us Mishka’s contemptuous attitude towards another hero. In sentence 16, he addresses Sima not by name, but very rudely: by the personal pronoun “you”. Next, he calls Sima a sycophant, says that he is sucking up - this also shows us his rudeness and contempt.

Emotional and expressive words make a literary work more expressive.

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 55-56 of the text: “The bear stood up and began to take pictures from the guys. He collected all the sheets and put them back in the album."

In an excerpt from the work of R. P. Pogodin, we read about the relationship between children from the same yard. They didn't like one of the boys, so they suspected him of various nasty things: for example, that he was a sycophant. Without figuring it out, they take the album from Sima and sort out the pictures. Only after some time, their “leader” Mishka suddenly realizes that the album was intended for an old teacher who no longer works at the school (this is stated in sentence 52). And from sentences 53 and 54 it becomes clear why Sima wanted to thank her: she helped him study during a serious illness. When Misha realized this, he felt ashamed, and he began to take the pictures away from the guys and put them back in the album. From sentences 67-75 we understand that the guys gave Maria Alekseevna the drawings that Sima made for her.

These words mean that Misha knew how to admit his mistakes and correct them.

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is conscience?”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.

Conscience is a person’s ability to realize that he is wrong; it restrains from doing a bad thing or reproaches if a person has already done wrong.

In an excerpt from the work of R.P. Pogodin, Mishka took away from Sima an album with drawings that he made for the teacher, but then Mishka realized that he was wrong. His conscience reproached him, and he decided to correct his mistake. I took the drawings from my friends and still gave them to the teacher.

Both in life and in literature, we often encounter situations in which a person experiences pangs of conscience. For example, in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the main character harshly judges himself for cowardice. Fearing public condemnation, Eugene went to a duel with a friend and accidentally killed him. Onegin punishes himself - sends him into exile.

Each person must act in accordance with the requirements of his conscience.

Essay on the topic “The quiet chirping of birds sounded joyful in spring...” (Option 2)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Dietmar Elyashevich Rosenthal: “Our grammatical system provides many options for expressing the same thought.”

The grammatical system of the Russian language offers the speaker various syntactic structures to express the same thing. They are synonymous.

For example, sentences with participial phrases and subordinate clauses are synonymous. True, it is not always possible to replace subordinate clause participial phrase, but if possible, the text becomes livelier and more energetic. This is probably why such constructions are preferred by V. O. Bogomolov, with an excerpt from whose book I became acquainted. This text contained a lot of adverbial phrases and single adverbial participles. For example, in sentences 3, 5, 7, 12, 13 we find such constructions.

However, sometimes the writer prefers subordinate clauses: in sentences 21, 23 and some others. This makes the text more expressive and beautiful.

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the last sentences of the text: “There is no plan,” Vitka said gloomily with his characteristic directness. - And combat support too. This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I am responsible for this."

The hero-narrator, after heavy fighting, forgot that he was ordered to set up a guard and sketch out a plan of action in the event of an enemy attack (sentence 21). This was indeed necessary, but the narrator neglected it, albeit unintentionally, and because of his forgetfulness, his friend, battalion commander Vitka, suffered. But the commander took all the blame upon himself, realizing that the brigade commander could punish him and, in any case, would scold him. The words “This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I am responsible for this,” they say that the battalion commander is an honest person who is not capable of letting a friend down; in addition, he is ready to be responsible for everything that happens in his unit. The narrator was confident in his friend, this is stated in sentence 24, he was very ashamed that his friend would suffer through his fault.

Sometimes friends have to correct each other's mistakes.

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is conscience?”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.

Conscience is a feature of a person’s personality. Anyone who has a conscience will try under no circumstances to commit a bad act. If he accidentally does something bad, then his conscience torments him and forces him to correct the evil caused.

In an excerpt from the work of V. O. Bogomolov, the hero-narrator forgot to carry out the instructions of his friend the battalion commander, and because of this, the brigade commander scolded Vitka. But the friend did not betray his friend, but took the blame upon himself. The narrator was very ashamed of this.

We often come across examples of pangs of conscience in literature and life. For example, in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov,” one boy, Ilyusha, succumbing to the persuasion of the evil student Rakitin, treated a stray dog ​​with a piece of bread with a pin. The dog squealed and ran away. The boy thought that Bug had died, and this tormented him terribly, he even became seriously ill. But, fortunately, it later turned out that the dog survived.

Conscience is very necessary for every person.

Essay on the topic “In a school called “Republic of SHKID”, at the same time as the newcomer Panteleev, a decrepit old woman, the director’s mother, appeared...” (OPTION 3)

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Dmitry Nikolaevich Shmelev: “The figurative meaning of a word enriches our language, develops and transforms it.”

In the Russian language, along with unambiguous words, there are a huge number of words that have not one, but two or more meanings. If you look at the Explanatory Dictionary, you can see that there are even more such words than unambiguous ones. Of course, this is no coincidence. Polysemantic words add expressiveness to speech. In use different meanings a joke like a pun is based on one polysemantic word; The figurative meaning of the word allows you to make your statement brighter.

For example, in L. Panteleev’s text in sentence 11 we read about how a pile of flat cakes “melted.” This word is used in the figurative meaning of “decreased in size,” and we can easily imagine this picture: a bunch of flat cakes becomes smaller and smaller, and then they disappear altogether.

In sentence 20, the author writes about the boy that his lips “jumped.” This is also a word with a figurative meaning. As we read, we immediately understand that the new guy is almost crying with anger and resentment, he is so shocked by the actions of the guys.

Words in a figurative sense are often used in fiction as a means of expression.

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 47-49 of the text: “You know, Lyonka, you’re great,” said the Japanese, blushing and sniffling. - Forgive us, please. I’m saying this not only on my own behalf, but on behalf of the whole class.”

The action of the book “Republic of SHKID” takes place in a colony. The guys who got there are, of course, not angels. Most of them stole on the street so as not to die of hunger, and some of their habits remained at that moment, which is described in the episode with the stolen flatbreads.

But the new Panteleev was more honest than the others: it seemed dishonest to him to steal from a blind old woman, so the other colonists beat him, and the director, without understanding, punished Panteleev, because he did not deny his guilt.

The other colonists felt ashamed. That is why the Japanese blushed when he asked Lyonka for forgiveness. The guys suddenly realized that it was possible to live more honestly than they did: not to offend the weak, not to shift the blame onto others. This is stated in the words of the Japanese (in sentences 40 - 42). But going to the director and confessing is still too heroic an act for guys who are not used to living honestly. As a result, no one supports the Japanese proposal, but still the guys felt guilty and agreed with the apology. Therefore, Lyonka made peace with the guys (sentence 51-52).

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE?

Conscience is what allows a person to be human, a sense of the rightness or wrongness of an action, a kind of compass. Anyone who has a conscience understands how to act and how not to, and he tries to avoid bad actions even if no one will know about them.

Conscience helps us evaluate ourselves. Unfortunately, not everyone has a conscience. Some people think that she causes only problems: she reproaches, does not give peace, but a person strives for happiness and peace. It also happens that someone’s conscience has not yet been properly formed. For example, in this text we see children who did not listen to their conscience, because it rather hindered them when they lived on the street and were forced to steal and cheat so as not to die of hunger. But Lyonka’s honest act first shocked them and caused aggression, and then made their best feelings awaken. They felt ashamed, which means that they became a little better than they were before.

Conscience makes a person feel ashamed for others if they do something bad. I came across such an example in literature - in the story “Doll” by E. Nosov. The hero of this story, Akimych, is ashamed of those people who pass by a mutilated doll and do not pay attention to this disgrace. He buries the doll and says: “You can’t bury everything.” I think he means that unscrupulous people, with the silent connivance of others, have already committed a lot of evil, it is already difficult to correct it. The author calls on those in whom conscience is still alive not to get used to bad things, but to try to correct them.

Conscience is the core in a person’s soul.

Essay on the topic “I stood in a dark, cold circus stable...” (Option 5)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Lyudmila Alekseevna Vvedenskaya: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified”

The famous linguist L.A. Vvedenskaya has a saying: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified.”

The Russian language is a rich and ideally constructed system; this language is able to deeply and vividly describe the entire gamut of human emotions. A person who uses the Russian language has a whole arsenal of phraseological units, sayings, an incredible number of synonyms, comparisons, metaphors, etc.

But still, every person has situations, joyful or bitter, when he sometimes lacks generally accepted norms to express his feelings. But in order to avoid general rules language, the speaker or writer must have motives. These motives are explained by a specific situation, according to Vvedenskaya’s statement. For example, in the sentence “I stood in a darkened cold stable next to my sick friend and with all my heart wanted to help her.” The author here is talking about a friend, and then that he wanted to help “her.” The text is about the circus elephant Lyalka. Why does the author call her a friend and not a girlfriend? After all, if “she” means “friend”. The fact is that the author sincerely worries about the elephant and is very afraid that she will not recover, because she is very dear to him. The word “friend” contains much more meaning than “girlfriend”. A friend is a close person, he will support and reassure, he will always be there. In this case, given how much the author cares for Lyalka, the use of the word “friend” can be justified.

He turns to Lyalka, who has already recovered. The author speaks to the animal as if it can understand his words. From this exclamation it is clear how sincerely glad the author is that the elephant recovered and ate the food. Here, addressing these words to an animal is justified by the author’s genuine joy.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the text fragment: “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we, clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, are beautiful, cheerful elephants.”

The story “Lalka the Elephant” tells how the author is very worried about his friend, an elephant named Lyalka. She became seriously ill and refused to eat. All night the author imagined Lyalka getting cold and trembling, but the next morning it turned out that she had already recovered. The way she cheerfully trumpeted spoke about the good mood of the elephant. To celebrate, the author came up with the thought: “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we, clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, are beautiful, cheerful elephants.” This means that in any case, life, love for this life and work wins. Despite the threat of illness, Lyalka won and is ready to continue to delight the children with her performances.

From the sentence “Seeing me and immediately recognizing me, Lyalka trumpeted triumphantly,” we see that the elephant is very happy with her friend and wants to show him that the illness has receded and she is ready to get back into action again.

The author is so happy with Lyalka’s mood, he is proud that they are the ones who organize a holiday for people, that clowns and clowns allow them to plunge back into a carefree childhood. Lyalka fully supports the author in this and seems to say: “Let the amazing cavalcade of joy and happiness in life always dance!”

Kindness is the ability to empathize and put yourself in another person’s shoes.

There are many definitions of the word “kindness”, but I will focus on the fact that it is, first of all, empathy, compassion. To do good, you need to be able to take on the grief and troubles of others, and then act as you would like to be treated.

If a person or animal is in trouble, you need to show your nobility and willingness to help, because these are the traits that characterize a real Person.

Kindness is visible in the behavior of the author of the story “Lalka the Elephant.” He worries about the animal with all his heart. The author prepared medicine for Lyalka, then did not sleep all night, thinking about her, how bad she was. In the morning, seeing nothing, he ran to her and fed her. The author does good for the elephant, as for a real friend.

What motivates us when we give money for the treatment of a child we don’t know, help frail old people, give up our seat on the bus, or pick up a hungry stray cat? Of course, kindness. It is she who helps us preserve this world and all the best that is in it.

An essay on the topic “We stood last days June..." (Option 6)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian writer Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov: “Ellipses are traces on the tiptoes of words that have passed away.”

Despite all the richness of the Russian language, every person at certain moments in life is faced with a situation when he cannot find the right words; when it seems: here they are, on the tip of his tongue, but he is not able to pronounce them, although they are clearly implied in speech.

This phenomenon is confirmed by the statement of the Russian writer V.V. Nabokov: “Ellipses are traces on tiptoes of departed words.” If in a conversation we can understand from a person’s behavior that he is not telling something, then in written speech this function is performed by an ellipsis.

In the sentence “Well, Grishuk, get better without me...” Emelya said goodbye to his grandson, who was seriously ill. “And I’ll go get the deer,” we clearly see how difficult it is for the grandfather to leave one sick boy, but he has no other choice. The ellipsis in this sentence clearly shows Emelya’s anxiety, sadness, and concern for her grandson.

We can say that ellipsis is used to save language resources.

Further, after returning from the hunt empty-handed and after his grandson’s questions whether the grandfather shot the fawn, Emelya says: “No, Grishuk... I saw it... He’s yellow himself, and his face is black. He stands under a bush and plucks leaves... I took aim..."

Here, under the ellipses, one can clearly see the desire of the deed to console Grisha, to explain to him that his hand did not rise to shoot a defenseless deer.

An ellipsis is an understatement that can be easily guessed from the context and behavior of the character.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “Grisha fell asleep and all night saw a little yellow fawn who was happily walking through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep.”

The text ends with the sentence “Grisha fell asleep and all night he saw a little yellow fawn, who was happily walking through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep.”

Emel's grandfather went into the forest, hoping to get a deer, and exactly the one that his Grishutka so wanted. But seeing how the deer bravely defended her cub, risking her life, he could not shoot, although the animals were only a few steps away from him.

To his grandson’s question, he answered: “When he whistled, and he, a calf, ran into the thicket - that’s all they saw. He ran away, shot like that...”

Grishutka was glad that the little yellow fawn remained alive and listened with pleasure to the stories of the case. Sincere childish joy can be seen in the following sentences: “The old man told the boy for a long time how he searched for a calf in the forest for three days and how it ran away from him. The boy listened and laughed merrily with his old grandfather.”

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?

Our world rests on kindness, responsiveness, and willingness to help others. Kindness is what holds everything beautiful in our lives. If we did not show kindness and compassion to any living creature, we would simply disappear from the face of the earth. By showing kindness and accepting it from others, we know that everything is still good in our lives, not all is lost.

This text perfectly demonstrates the act of mercy and kindness. The old hunter lost three days; his sick grandson was waiting for him at home. Luck was right in front of the old man. But when he saw how selflessly the doe protected her cub, he felt sorry for both of them. Instead of returning home with rich booty, he chose to give life to defenseless animals. What is this if not a manifestation of kindness? The old man remembered who his granddaughter miraculously survived the attack of wolves, however, at the cost of his mother’s life.

This is all shown in the sentences “Exactly what broke in old Emelya’s chest, and he lowered the gun. The hunter quickly stood up and whistled - the small animal disappeared into the bushes with the speed of lightning.”

In real life, there are many cases when people, risking their lives and health, saved children in trouble, pulled them out of burning houses, rescued them from water, from animal attacks.

All these cases give us hope that we will not be left without a helping hand if we get into trouble.

Essay on the topic “Now Kolka, Vovka and Olya rarely met: vacation...” (Option 7)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness.”

Russian linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness.”

Often it is not enough for a speaker to express his thoughts using only one word, one synonym or description. In order to give persuasiveness and expressiveness to his speech, a person can use homogeneous members of the sentence, as, for example, in the sentence “But he said it as if he had been there and seen it, and Olya’s eyes opened even wider.”

Here the homogeneous members of the sentence are the words “was” and “saw”. In order to understand the meaning of the sentence, it would be enough to use only one of them, but the use of both of them gave dynamism and brightness to the sentence.

The feelings and melancholy of the main character can be seen in the sentence “I watched how the arrow rotated, how it trembled, where it pointed.” It would be enough to say that the boy was looking at the compass, but the words “spinning,” “trembling,” “pointing” convey how dear his compass is to the boy.

Kolka's compassion shows that he does not even expect to get a puppy for the compass. It is enough for him that the dog will live. He is ready to lose what is so dear to him, just to know that the puppy will not be drowned: “I’m not for good,” Kolka sighed. - Let him live with you, if you want. I am for you not to drown.”

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?

The age-old question - what is kindness? Each person will answer it differently, based on their own life experience. For some, kindness is the willingness to help those weaker and more helpless than oneself; for others, it is the ability to sympathize, to share the pain and grief of one’s neighbor.

I believe that kindness implies a willingness to make any sacrifice so that innocent people do not suffer Living being, it doesn't matter if it's human or animal. You show goodness if you stop cruelty and injustice without thinking about how it will turn out for you. On the contrary, you condone evil if you silently observe it, without even participating in it.

Kindness is when a person does not pass by someone else’s misfortune or trouble, believing that it does not concern him. In the text, the boy Kolka is ready to sacrifice a thing dear to him for free in order to save a puppy, which he will not receive: “That’s what they decided. Vovka dragged the puppy home, Olka ran away, and Kolka went to say goodbye with the compass. I watched how the arrow rotated, how it trembled, where it pointed.”

I once had to observe one case. A sick dog lay in a collar on a busy road, breathing heavily. People passed by, looking at the animal with disgust. Only one girl dared to approach her, without fear of human judgment and opinion. She gave the dog water and moved it away from the road onto the grass.

In this case, it was more important for the person to help, to show kindness, than what others might think.

Essay on the topic “That night there were long, cold rains...” (OPTION 8)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism and brevity.”

The famous linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism and brevity.”

Native speakers, and not only others, can express their thoughts without using personal pronouns to save language resources and time. They, of course, give the sentence greater specificity, but they can still be omitted for the sake of brevity without losing the meaning of the sentence. For example, in the sentence “Let’s cook porridge!” the soldiers could have said: “We’ll cook porridge!”, but they used a definitely personal proposal. The exclusion of the pronoun “we” gave the sentence brevity and a sense of unity among the soldiers, their common joy.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”

The text ends with the sentence “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”

The story tells about a difficult, wartime time. Cold, hunger, no food, the soldiers eat only water and crackers. And what happiness it was when soldier Lukashuk suddenly found a bag of oatmeal, which seemed like a real treasure to the poor soldiers. They were already looking forward to eating plenty of hearty porridge. But suddenly the owner of this bag showed up and took it away.

After a while, when things got better with food, soldier Lukashuk was saved by the very man who took away their last hope - a bag of oatmeal. He turned out to be a military orderly.

It seems that this orderly is making excuses to Lukashuk for what happened then. He makes it clear to the wounded man: thanks to the fact that he gave the porridge to the dogs, they managed to take him out on a sled and thereby save him. After all, if the orderly had not done this, the animals would have weakened from hunger and, perhaps, thanks to this particular incident, Lukashuk remained alive, because the dogs got him there on time. This is how it happens in life: what at first glance seems like destruction, in fact, unexpectedly becomes salvation.

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?

Kindness is a life phenomenon when a person helps others, despite the fact that for him this is fraught with some inconvenience, loss of time, etc. This means giving another a piece of his warmth, without being afraid of freezing himself.

Know what you did today better life For someone, to realize that you have done good to someone is not happiness? The joy and satisfaction from giving is much stronger than in a situation when you receive something yourself. Kindness makes the life of each of us better and brighter. If you do good to someone, that someone along the chain will do good to someone else.

The text contains an example of showing kindness and compassion. The orderly, who took the bag of oatmeal from the soldiers, gave it all to the hungry dogs, although he himself could get enough of it, because it was a very hungry war time. Thanks to the fact that the orderly, to his own detriment, fed the animals, they were able to gain strength and bring the wounded and injured on sleds. This is what is said in the sentence “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”

There are many people who, despite being busy and having limited finances, visit orphans in orphanages and helpless old people left alone. These people share with them not only material assets, but also with warmth, which means life becomes brighter for someone.

Essay on the topic “At dusk, Bidenko and Gorbunov went out on reconnaissance, taking Vanya Solntsev with them...” (OPTION 9)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement taken from the Literary Encyclopedia: “By making the characters talk to each other, instead of conveying their conversation from himself, the author can introduce appropriate shades into such a dialogue. He characterizes his heroes by theme and manner of speech.”

Every book lover knows how well monologues or dialogues of characters characterize them, clearly highlighting their literacy, education and other individual characteristics.

For convenience, the author could simply briefly convey the essence of the conversation between two or more book characters, but it is the schedule of their detailed dialogue that allows the reader to form an opinion about each of them. From the sentence “Why the hell are you hanging around here at night, you bastard! - shouted a rough German voice with a cold.” It is clear to us that these words belong to a cruel man who knows no mercy. There is not even a need for a more detailed description of this character - it is already clear to the reader that nothing good should be expected from him.

The following example: “Oh, uncle, don’t hit me! – he whined pitifully. - I was looking for my horse. I found it by force. I wandered all day and all night. “I’m lost...” he shouted, swinging his whip at Serko.” Here the author could simply write that the boy pretended to be a shepherd and asked for mercy. But this phrase by Vanya helps the reader vividly imagine the image of a pitiful shepherd who is exhausted and begs to be let go in peace.

The characters’ phrases and their unique manner of speaking help the reader to immerse themselves deeper into the work and create the effect that he himself seems to be present at the scene of the events being described.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 31-32 of the text: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades in arms, were nearby. At the first cry they will rush to the rescue and kill every last one of the fascists.”

The boy Vanya is entrusted with a very important mission - to be a guide for scouts, lead them into the enemy camp and warn them of danger. For this purpose, the image of a foolish shepherdess was thought out for him. Vanya is well aware of how important this goal is and how much depends on him.

The text contains the sentence: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades in arms, were nearby. At the first cry they will rush to the rescue and kill every last one of the fascists.”

When Vanya showed the way to Bidenko and Gorbunov, he came across two Germans and was seized with real horror. He was afraid not even for himself, but for the fact that their whole plan would collapse. He knew that in any case his comrades would not harm him and would protect him from the Nazis. When one of the Germans hit him humiliatingly, Vanya was furious: “What! He, a soldier of the Red Army, a scout of the famous battery of Captain Enakiev, was dared to be hit with a boot by some fascist flaw! But he pulled himself together in time. If he gave in to his anger, that would be the end of their plan. Despite the fact that there were people behind him who would protect him, Vanya pushed personal grudges into the background and put his important task first: “But the boy also firmly remembered that he was in deep reconnaissance, where the slightest noise could reveal group and disrupt the execution of a combat mission.”

The boy Vanya, in the guise of a shepherdess, completed his task with honor and did not let down the scouts, who completely relied on him.

The text describes a terrible time for a great country - Great Patriotic War. These were the years when fearlessness was required from every citizen of our country, a willingness to sacrifice everything in the name of victory and freedom. It was a time when ordinary Soviet people performed feats for the sake of their Motherland.

A feat in my understanding is when a person puts the well-being of his people and country first, and then takes care of his personal well-being. A feat is something for which a person is ready to sacrifice his life.

During the war, millions of people lost their families and homes; they united to defeat the enemy, putting aside their personal concerns.

A simple Russian boy, Vanya, stoically endured the bullying of the Nazis and cast aside his pride. It was incredibly difficult for him, but he knew that he simply did not have the right to let his comrades down: “Then, with a powerful effort of will, he suppressed his rage and pride.” He coped with the horror that gripped him from meeting his enemies and led the scouts further.

Since school, we have heard incredible stories about the heroism and exploits of Soviet people during the war. Despite their nation and religion, they all stood up as one to defend their country and were not afraid of difficult trials. People boldly made their way into the enemy camp, freed prisoners, and rescued the wounded. All these are feats thanks to which today we have the opportunity to live and love, to enjoy the peaceful sky above our heads.

Essay on the topic “Once, when my grandmother was on her knees, talking heartily with God...” (OPTION 10)

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Evgeniy Nikolaevich Shiryaev “The entire organization of linguistic means in fiction is subordinated not simply to the transfer of content, but to the transfer of artistic means.”

The artistic style differs from the scientific, official and journalistic style in the richness of its means of expression. If scientific works and newspaper articles contain only dry facts, then fiction gives unlimited scope for imagination. Fiction novels, short stories, stories abound in such artistic means as metaphor, comparison, description, hyperbole, personification and many others.

A striking example of the use of artistic means is shown in the following sentences: “In the quiet night his red flowers bloomed smokelessly; only a dark cloud hovered very high above them, not preventing them from seeing the silver stream of the Milky Way. The snow glowed crimson, and the walls of the buildings trembled and swayed, as if rushing towards the hot corner of the yard, where the fire was playing merrily, filling the wide cracks in the workshop wall with red, sticking out of them like red-hot crooked nails.”

The text describes the heroism of the grandmother, who fearlessly and with enviable self-control gives out instructions: “- Barn, neighbors, defend! If the fire spreads to the barn, to the hayloft, ours will burn to the ground and yours will take over! Cut the roof, hay into the garden! Neighborhood priests, come together as friends, God will help you.” The author shows the simple speech characteristic of this woman; these phrases characterize her as a courageous person who does not lose her composure.

15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the sentence in the text: “It was impossible not to listen to her at that hour.”

The text describes a fire that happened at two in the middle of the night and alarmed all the inhabitants of the house and neighbors. The servants and even the grandfather, the owner of the house, rushed about randomly in confusion while the fire devoured everything in its path. And only the grandmother managed to maintain composure, act wisely and give instructions in order to save the household and the whole family. She even advises neighbors who drop by on how to save barns and hay.

The little grandson, on whose behalf the story is told, describes in detail the events of this terrible night: “It was as interesting as the fire; illuminated by the fire, which seemed to catch her, black, she rushed around the yard, keeping up everywhere, in charge of everything, seeing everything.”

The boy notices how his grandmother fearlessly ran into the burning workshop and carried out explosive vitriol. She even managed to calm the frightened, soaring horse. He affectionately calls him “little mouse.” Grandmother took upon herself all the burden and responsibility: “Evgenya, take off the icons!” Natalya, get the guys dressed! - the grandmother commanded sternly, in a strong voice, and the grandfather quietly howled: “E-and-s.” That’s why the grandson immediately understood: “It was impossible not to listen to her at that hour.”

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word FEAT?

Both in works of art and in real life there were and are numerous examples of feats that were performed by both men and women. A feat is a selfless act that is performed in the name of saving the Motherland, family, strangers, even at the cost of one’s own life. Only a Man with a capital M, noble and ready to help, is capable of such an act. A hero man runs to help those who are in dire straits, and the last thing he thinks about is himself.

In the text, such a Person is the grandmother; she is the only one, risking her life, who burst into a building engulfed in fire in order to save the others, to save the barns and hay, not only her own, but also those of her neighbors. She does not panic, but calms the others. She even managed to calm down a horse running in fear: “Don’t be afraid! - Grandmother said in a bass voice, patting him on the neck and taking the reins. - Am I going to leave you with this fear? Oh, little mouse..."

They say about such women: “She will stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut.”

The world rests on such heroic people; they give a chance for survival when it seems that everything is over. The feat does not depend on age. I remember a case where a fifteen-year-old boy saved seven neighbor children from a fire in his house, while the rest succumbed to panic and lost hope.

OGE 2018. Russian language. 36 variants of standard test tasks + 300 additional tasks. Vasiliev I.P., Gosteva Yu.N., Egoraeva G.T.

M.: 2018. - 312 p.

The authors of the assignments are leading experts who are directly involved in the development of control measuring materials (Vasiliev I.P., Gosteva Yu.N.) and the development of methodological materials for preparing for the implementation of control measuring materials of the Main State Exam (Egoraeva G.T.). The manual contains 36 versions of standard test tasks of the Main State Exam in the Russian language, as well as a workshop on preparing for task 15.3 - writing an essay. The purpose of the manual is to provide students with the opportunity to practice their skills in performing test tasks similar to the tasks provided in the demo version of the OGE in the Russian language. The manual is addressed to teachers to prepare students for the Main State Exam, and to ninth-graders for self-preparation and self-control.

Format: pdf

Size: 5 MB

Watch, download: drive.google

CONTENT
STANDARD TEST TASKS
Instructions for performing work 5
Option 1 6
Option 2 11
Option 3 16
Option 4 21
Option 5 26
Option 6 31
Option 7 36
Option 8 41
Option 9 46
Option 10 51
Option 11 56
Option 12 61
Option 13 66
Option 14 72
Option 15 77
Option 16 82
Option 17 87
Option 18 92
Option 19 97
Option 20 102
Option 21 108
Option 22 114
Option 23 119
Option 24 124
Option 25 130
Option 26 136
Option 27 141
Option 28 146
Option 29 151
Option 30 156
Option 31 161
Option 32 166
Option 33 172
Option 34 177
Option 35 182
Option 36 187
Answers 192
Analysis of option 26 200
Analysis of option 28 206
Texts for condensed presentation 213
PREPARATION FOR COMPLETING TASK 15.3. PRACTICUM
Option 1 219
Option 2 228
Option 3 236
Option 4 244
Option 5 251
Option 6 259
Option 7 270
Option 8 278
Option 9 285
Option 10 291
Answers to tasks 298
Evaluation system for examination work in the Russian language 302

The examination paper consists of three parts, including 15 tasks.
3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in the Russian language.
Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work based on the listened text (condensed presentation). The source text for the condensed presentation is listened to 2 times.
This task is completed on answer sheet No. 2.
Part 2 consists of 13 tasks (2-14). Part 2 tasks are completed based on the text read.
Write down the answer to tasks 2 and 3 in answer form No. 1 in the form of one number, which corresponds to the number of the correct answer.
The answers to tasks 4-14 are a word (phrase), number or sequence of numbers. Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to answer form No. 1.
Part 3 assignment is based on the same text that you read while working on Part 2 assignments.

The Unified State Exam for 9th grade students is as serious a test as the Unified State Exam for high school students. By and large, this exam can be considered a dress rehearsal before passing final tests and entering a university, so you can’t do it without serious preparation. The OGE in Russian is a mandatory exam that determines a student’s certification mark and allows him to enroll in a specialized humanities class.

However, among the students there are those who consider Russian not a very difficult subject. They believe that the language in which daily communication takes place, correspondence on social networks, watching films and programs can be passed without much difficulty. This opinion has failed many ninth-graders - the OGE in this subject includes many different tasks that reveal the ability to use literary language norms, as well as an understanding of the rules of vocabulary, grammar, syntax and punctuation.

Another innovation in the OGE is speaking, which causes difficulties for children who are not accustomed to correctly expressing their thoughts. Let's figure out what you should pay attention to when preparing for this exam, on what dates it will take place, and what changes can be introduced into the 2018 KIMs.

Demo version of OGE-2018

  • Demo version of the OGE in Russian
  • Demo version of the listening task (audio file)
  • Requirements Codifier

Dates of the OGE in Russian

According to the preliminary examination schedule, Russian will need to be taken on the following dates:

  • early examination – 04/25/2018. Reserve day – 05/04/2018;
  • The main date of the OGE is 05/29/2018. The reserve will become 06/19/2018;
  • additional exam – 09/04/2018. The date indicated as a reserve is 09/17/2018.

Regulations and features of the exam

The specialized commission responsible for the development of Russian language KIMs reported that in 2018 there will be no changes to the tickets.

The student will be able to work with the CMM for 235 minutes. At this OGE, students will be able to use the spelling dictionary provided to them in the classroom. This concludes the list of subjects allowed in the Russian language exam. Do not take smartphones with you, do not take notes with rules and exceptions, do not try to bring a headset or mini-earphones, hoping to deceive observers and cheat. Any illegal actions will lead to only one result - removal from the class and a bad grade for the OGE.

Structural and content part of the ticket

KIMs in this subject are designed to evaluate the preparation of 9th grade graduates in everything related to the Russian language. Based on the results of this OGE, the commission draws conclusions about whether it is worth enrolling a particular student in a specialized linguistic class and issuing him a high school diploma. Since 2017, the OGE includes written and oral parts, each of which is worth talking about separately.

Start preparing for the OGE in the fall to have time to work through all the material

Written part of the exam

When working with a ticket, schoolchildren will have to demonstrate their skills in using written language, as well as language skills of a linguistic, analytical and classification nature, understanding the rules of grammar, style, punctuation and spelling, and the ability to communicate with others through writing. The ticket consists of three parts, which contain 15 tasks of varying difficulty levels:

  • the first part is one task in the form of presentation based on the listened text. The maximum score you can get for this part is 7. The audio file with the text will be scrolled twice. During the first listening, students can make notes on the rough sheet. Students will then be given 3 minutes to reflect on their notes and understand what aspects they missed while listening to the text. After this, the entry is re-installed. After this, ninth graders will have the opportunity to rewrite their thoughts on a blank form;
  • the second part is tasks numbered 2 to 14, which require a short answer from the student. In this part, schoolchildren will have to formulate an answer independently or select and write it down from the list offered in KIM. The work is carried out on the basis of the text issued with the ticket. The correct answer to each task will earn you 1 point, the maximum number of points for the second part of the CIM is 13 points;
  • the third part is task number 15. Students will be given 3 topics, among which they need to choose one and write an essay. The maximum points for the third part is 9.

Please note that in this OGE, points are given separately for the student’s competent and accurate speech in presentation and composition (maximum 10 points). In total you can score 39 for CMM primary points.

Oral part of the Russian language exam (speaking)

9th grade students who will take the OGE in 2018 will have to take not only a written, but also an oral exam in the Russian language. According to some information, speaking will take place first, and it is this that will determine the student’s admission to the written part of the OGE. Speaking is aimed at identifying the communication skills of schoolchildren. It will test the ability to conduct a monologue and dialogue, the ability to read texts with intonation and emotional coloring, as well as retell what you read, justifying your statements.

In 2018, ninth-graders will not be able to get away with just a written exam. In addition to essays and tests, they will have to take speaking!

Structurally, the CMM consists of four parts, each of which is a separate task:

  • The first task is reading a scientific journalistic fragment. For this part you can score 2 points;
  • the second task - the student will have to retell what he read, drawing on additional information and commenting on his statements. This task can also earn you 2 points;
  • the third task is a monologue on a chosen topic. It can be assessed with a maximum of 2 points;
  • The fourth task is a dialogue with the examiner, who can award up to 3 points for the answer.

Compliance with literary language norms when completing the first and second tasks is assessed separately - here you can earn up to 2 points. The verbal presentation of the answer when working with tasks number three and four is scored another 3 points. The maximum primary score for speaking is 14.

Most likely, the conversation will include texts telling about the lives of prominent Russian figures, scientists, cosmonauts, and writers. Scores for the oral exam will not be converted into grades - the student receives either a pass or a failure. To successfully pass the speaking test, according to preliminary information, you will have to score at least 50% of the initial points.

Converting points into marks for a certificate

The scale on which scores for the written part of the exam are converted into certification marks is as follows:

  • from 0 to 14 points – a solid “two”;
  • from 15 to 24 points – score “three”;
  • from 25 to 33 points – score “four”. In this case, at least 4 points must be obtained for literacy. If less than 4 points are scored for literacy, the student is given a “satisfactory” grade;
  • from 34 to 39 points – mark “five”. However, getting an A also requires meeting a certain condition: if a student received less than 6 points for literacy, he receives a “B”.

When assigning students to specialized linguistic classes, preference will be given to children who score 31 points or higher for the written part of the work.

How to prepare for the OGE in Russian?

Train yourself to write essays, and then passing the OGE will not cause you problems

The presence of an oral and written part of the exam means that students will have to work hard to master all types of language activities. Specialists of specialized commissions recommend that schoolchildren pay attention to the following points:

  • repeat and practice all the rules and exceptions found in the Russian language school curriculum;
  • hone the use of language norms by regularly writing dictations and presentations. When writing expositions, time yourself to teach yourself to select points in the allotted time and briefly write them down on a draft;
  • write at least 10-15 essays on topics offered in KIMs of previous years. You will have to highlight the main problem, comment on it, show your skills in drawing analogies and knowledge of suitable quotes, the site reports. Remember - the commission primarily evaluates understanding of the topic and ability to write, without being distracted from the author's thought. If you go sideways or try to use general phrases, you risk getting a 0 for your essay. A good essay can only be written if you spend a year reading classics of world and Russian literature and critical articles on the main works from the school curriculum;
  • The oral part, as a rule, concerns a discussion of prominent Russian figures. Watch interesting programs, read publications about the life and work of Yuri Gagarin, Tsiolkovsky, Pirogov, as well as other famous artists, writers and scientists. Retell what you read to your parents and friends to practice the skill of beautiful and competent oral speech;
  • Regularly read literary and journalistic texts out loud, working with intonation and stress.

Answers to the OGE in the Russian language 2018. I. P. Tsybulko

Answers to the options for the OGE-2018 manual in the Russian language, 36 options. Typical exam options. Edited by I. P. Tsybulko...

Block 1. Options 1-4.

Job number Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
2 3 1 4 2
3 2 3 1 4
4 push glance bent splash
5 spoiled (not) exposed simultaneously common
6 leave allotment steal weirdness<или>absurdity<или>stupidity
7 stood with pride opened deftly door jambs pair of swans
8 let's go to I answer the old woman was (almost) blind I felt ashamed
9 48 13 15 5964 or 6459
10 34 or 43 12 or 21
11 3 3 4 4
12 145 or any combination of these numbers 168 or any combination of these numbers 3 1
13 42 21 24 12
14 19 25 1721 or 2117 7910 or any combination of these numbers

Block 2. Options 5-8.

Job number Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8
2 2 4 2 3
3 3 3 3 1
4 elated told sighed leaned against
5 slowly scared abandoned tied
6 wear will run straightaway surprised
7 circus stables waited impatiently shouted with joy plywood sled
8 ate bring it he is needed got sick
9 54 29 68 46
10 56 or 65 24 or 42 6
11 4 3 2 2
12 25 or 52 34 or 43 3 126 or any combination of these numbers
13 16 48 78 11
14 46 or 64 32 5 40

Block 3. Options 9-12.

Job number Option 9 Option 10 Option 11 Option 12
2 4 3 3 1
3 3 2 2 2
4 dawn throwing open splashes up cap
5 invented red-hot hidden deciduous
6 got lost came out hard<или>intolerable<или>painfully<или>sadly<или>unbearable Today<или>Now
7 by force of will yard corner on the bank on the right fascist ranks
8 you can't imagine shoot Seems they died
9 27 35 14 12
10 34 <или> 43 126 <или>any combination of these numbers 456 <или>any combination of these numbers 56 <или> 65
11 2 3 3 3
12 23 <или> 32 13 <или> 31 27 <или> 72 56 <или> 65
13 6 10 38 17
14 15 41 6 30

Block 4. Options 13-16.

Job number Option 13 Option 14 Option 15 Option 16
2 1 2 1 3
3 1 4 3 1
4 I'm throwing myself around cover up endless spread out
5 mentally tangled circled mysterious
6 touched face you're flying<или>you're going<или>moving around learned
7 pilot school joyful feeling mental strength maternal traits
8 the decision was a secret burned will burn managed to achieve you're amazed
9 29 6 1 7
10 124 or any combination of these numbers 23 or 32 34 or 43 34 or 43
11 3 4 4 2
12 12368 or any combination of these numbers 356 or any combination of these numbers 24 or 42 67 or 76
13 29 15 12 22
14 2 20 26 10

Block 5. Options 17-20.

Job number Option 17 Option 18 Option 19 Option 20
2 4 3 4 2
3 4 1 1 4
4 stood up cleared overcome exhausted
5 related slowly uniform wooden
6 stole refusal immediately or instantly Wait
7 said confidently garden in the snow boy from the village said with a mockery
8 you would steal remember the mail will be lucky pulled
9 30 31 6 49
10 45 or 54 23 or 32 910 or 109 346 or any combination of these numbers
11 2 1 2 3
12 2 1234 or any combination of these numbers 13 or 31
13 28 4 18 67
14 32 46 2 69

Block 6. Options 21-24.

Job number Option 21 Option 22 Option 23 Option 24
2 3 4 3 4
3 2 4 4 2
4 nailed it bring stood up beautiful
5 wounded embarrassed wine tin
6 fear or horror heavy or heavy got sick careless or bad
7 Vasya's violin apple branch father's request looked admiringly
8 No I sent Tell not cleaned
9 30 18 123 or any combination of these numbers 10
10 2 7 45 or 54 34 or 43
11 2 3 3 2
12 8 1710 or any combination of these numbers 24 or 42 13 or 31
13 20 9 21 51
14 38 1920 or 2019 49 10

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Answers to the collection of 36 options "Model exam options" OGE-2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko.

Option 1

2. 12
3. 12345679
4. leather bag
5. 12 (or) 21
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 35 (or) 53
8. nothing

Option 2

2. 124
3. 568
4. spoke kindly
5. 14 (or) 41
6. 15 (or) 51
7. 12 (or) 21
8. title


Option 3

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 2345678
4. whispered with a sisspug (or) sisspug whispered
5. 125
6. 35 (or) 53
7. 13 (or) 31
8. full height

Option 4

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 267
4. willpower
5. 34 (or) 43
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 34 (or) 43
8. fairway (or) fairway

Option 5

2. 135
3. 56 (or) 65
4. came in smiling
5. 15 (or) 51
6. 23 (or) 32
7. 34 (or) 43
8. snide

Option 6

2. 23 (or) 32
3. 123458
4. lived carefree (or) carefree
5. 345
6. 45 (or) 54
7. 14 (or) 41
8. like a dog


Option 7

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 45 (or) 54
4. wildflower
5. 14 (or) 41
6. 234
7. 35 (or) 53
8. like the wind blew away

Option 8

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 1234679
4. said mockingly
5. 125
6. 35 (or) 53
7. 35 (or) 53
8. opposite

Option 9

2. 125
3. 1569
4. pushed (or) pushed strongly
5. 35 (or) 53
6. 135
7. 45 (or) 54
8. daynight (or) nightday

Option 10

2. 123
3. 345689
4. sleepless night
5. 45 (or) 54
6. 24 (or) 42
7. 45 (or) 54
8. goner (or) goner

Option 11

2. 13 (or) 31
3. 156
4. scream with delight
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 134
7. 24 (or) 42
8. old dilapidated

Option 12

2. 124
3. 37 (or) 73
4. Geometry problem
5. 234
6. 23 (or) 32
7. 14 (or) 41
8. valiant

Option 13

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 345678
4. spoke anxiously
5. 34 (or) 43
6.135 (or)
7. 14 (or) 41
8. looked

Option 14

2. 14 (or) 41
3. 134567
4. look with a smile
5. 25 (or) 52
6. 234
7. 245
8. crimson

Option 15

2. 245
3. 48 (or) 84
4. I love the hassle
5. 45 (or) 54
6. 234
7. 125
8. candidate

Option 16

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 12456
4. cried silently
5. 12 (or) 21
6. 145
7. 24
8. tire (or) rubber


Option 17

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 37 (or) 73
4. spiritual beauty
5. 234
6. 34 (or) 43
7. 12 (or) 21
8. foot


Option 18

2. 13 (or) > 31
3. 47 (or) 74
4. whispered anxiously
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 13 (or) 31
8. sbiten

Option 19

2. 125
3. 12578
4. found no errors
5. 123
6. 125
7. 234
8. shipship (or) shipship

Option 20

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 345678
4. told in detail
5. 34 (or) 43
6. 125
7. 14 (or) 41
8. liar (or) deceiverliar


Option 21

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 157
4. did it easily
5. 12 (or) 21
6. 12
7. 25
8. earthly and heavenly

Option 22

2. 235
3. 23456789
4. love unrequitedly
5. 35 (or) 53
6. 125
7. 12
8. like on the palms


Option 23

2. 24 (or) 42
3. 1578
4. a person without conscience
5. 14 (or) 41
6. 12 (or) 21
7. 25 (or) 52
8. pure (or) pure

Option 24

2. 14 (or) 41
3. 1234579
4. walk non-stop
5. 134
6. 134
7. 35 (or) 53
8. accidentally on purpose (or) on purpose accidentally

Option 25

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 259
4. looked tenderly
5. 25 (or) 52
6. 45 (or) 54
7. 14 (or) 41
8. go among people

Option 26

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 13458
4. spoke with laughter
5. 124
6. 125
7. 14 (or) 41
8. flaunt

Option 27

2. 34 (or) 43
3. 167
4. plaid fabric
5. 35 (or) 53
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 24 (or) 42
8. barrel organ (or) barrel organ

Option 28

2. 123
3. 14 (or) 41
4. weak-willed person
5. 45 (or) 54
6. 234
7. 35 (or) 53
8. threw it off

Option 29

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 2346789
4. asked in bewilderment
5. 124
6. 15 (or) 51
7. 34 (or) 43
8. flaunt

Option 30

2. 12 (or) 21
3. 145
4. plank fence
5. 34 (or) 43
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 23 (or) 32
8. rack


Option 31

2. 45 (or) 54
3. 12345689
4. watched closely
5. 25 (or) 52
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 23 (or) 32
8. rises and lies down

Option 32

2. 135
3. 2468
4. laugh without malice
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 13 (or) 31
7. 12 (or) 21
8. from the last strength

Option 33

2. 15 (or) 51
3. 1256789
4. nodded politely
5. 15 (or) 51
6. 24 (or) 42
7. 12 (or) 21
8. nanogiposted

Option 34

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 48 (or) 84
4. parents' house
5. 235
6. 25 (or) 52
7. 25 (or) 52
8. shack (or) shacks

Option 35

2. 35 (or) 53
3. 6789
4. taught diligently
5. 24 (or) 42
6. 24(or)42
7. 15(or)51
8. dispatches (or) despatch

Option 36

2. 125
3. 12 (or) 21
4. kicked out mercilessly
5. 145
6. 134
7. 24 (or) 42
8. hit