August, September and October are the time of active preparation for the transition of former kindergarteners to the status of primary school students. This is the time when parents prepare a workplace for a student at home. Right now you can think over everything to the smallest detail and make the necessary decisions.

The organization of a workplace for a student must be approached with the utmost seriousness. After all, it should be as comfortable as possible, well-lit, multifunctional (both for creativity and for doing lessons), convenient in the truest sense of the word. To prevent the books from falling on the head from above, there was enough light and did not have to bend close to the notebook, so that the child's legs felt support, and not dangling in the air, so that each object had its own place - carefully selected tables and chairs are needed.

Where do we start? If your toddler is still under 760 mm of adult desks and 450 mm standard chairs, slipping problems may occur and, as a result, posture problems will appear. Furniture companies offer tables with height adjustment for both desks and chairs. You can also choose "static" headsets, but subject to the following rules:

1. The height of the two main items that make up the workspace is adjustable to the student's height.

№ / Student height / Table height / Chair height:

1. Up to 130 cm - 520 mm - 300 mm.

2. From 130 to 145 cm - 580 mm - 340 mm.

3. From 145 to 165 cm - 640 mm - 480 mm.

4. From 160 to 175 cm - 700 mm - 420 mm.

5. Over 175 cm - 760 mm - 460 mm.

2. The cover of the table is at least 600 × 600 mm, since even with such dimensions, during the lessons, it will be necessary to look for a place for books, pencils and pens, notebooks and an album.

3. Drawers in cabinets for storing a student's stationery should not be deep. Otherwise, in search of any little things, you will have to shake out the contents of the box.

It is necessary to resolve the issue with a personal computer: to buy it now or later? If later, you can transform the desk. Buy a keyboard shelf and a cart under the system unit (it is mobile and takes up little space under the table). If you have a personal computer for your child and you do not want him to be distracted from the lessons, then a new work area is needed.

If your student has already grown up and you are looking for a replacement desk to accommodate the computer, in this case a model of a table with a lid measuring 1200 × 700 mm, with a light superstructure (from a pair of open shelves) and a pencil case for the office version would be a suitable option. Drawers are placed in the pencil case from below to the level of the table, and shelves on top, open or closed.

The light is on the left (or right if the baby is left-handed). The student's workspace should be well lit. It is necessary to purchase a table lamp or sconce as a stand-alone light source.

And the last thing: the color scheme of the workspace should be pleasant for the child. It can be a one-color or two-color version, a harmonious combination of two chipboard colors (MDF or wood) or different colors of chipboard and PVC edges. If you want to maintain the color scheme of the furniture already present in the room, add some bright decorative elements, pleasant color and content.

The main thing is convenience and functionality. Indeed, at the desk, the student spends from 20 to 30% of the time to consolidate school material and do homework. When purchasing new pieces of furniture, it is advisable to put the baby at the table in the store in order to make sure of the correctness of the choice. In the same place, make sure that all drawers and doors of the writing desk are open so that they do not touch the child sitting behind it. Check if the prospective student can reach the shelves and drawers.

The organization of workplaces at the enterprise must be carried out competently and correctly so that employees can perform their duties efficiently with the least amount of time.

Workplace- this is the part of the production area where a person performs his functions using the tools he needs for this. The equipment and design of the space he needs depends on the activities of a person and his duties.

Characteristics of the cook's workplace

The reputation of food establishments depends to a large extent on the work of the chef. In cafes and restaurants, with well-prepared and beautifully decorated dishes, the number of visitors will only increase. In order for a chef to perform his duties well, he must have an efficiently equipped workplace.

Evaluation of the work of a cook

Any work should be paid fairly. For this, an assessment of jobs is carried out, which determines the size wages employee. Evaluated:

• The complexity of the functions performed.
• Personal responsibility in the workplace.
• Availability of the necessary knowledge and skills for work.

These three main criteria are composed of many small items that are also evaluated. It is important that the assessment of jobs does not have subjectivity, but takes place from the objective side.

The microclimate of the cook's working area

In order for a person to perform his duties efficiently, it is necessary to create decent working conditions for him. The microclimate is the main parameter that ensures the comfort of being in the working area.

The organization of the cook's workplace should be carried out taking into account the principle of creating maximum comfort for the employee. If the chef is uncomfortable in the performance of his duties, then it is necessary to carry out a full range of technological, sanitary and technical, organizational measures to bring the microclimate of the room back to normal.

Necessary:

• Adjust the ventilation system.
• Insulate surfaces that emit thermal radiation.
• Replace old equipment with modern ones.
• Use collective remedies.

Using local exhaust

When cooking food, the air is saturated with its aromas, and if you cook a lot, and often - different food, then there is always a "mixed" smell. At the same time, not only it appears in the air, but also oil particles, the remains of water vapor, soot. It also mixes carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with air.

These odors can be controlled by using the ventilation system in the space. It is rather difficult to assess the excess of the level of odors and gases, because a person who has been in such a room for some time has a dull sense of smell, which is why the assessment will be subjective.

To get rid of unnecessary odors and improve the air, local hoods are installed in the kitchen. They will "intercept" the aromas above the stove and bring them into the ventilation system. Hoods must be of high quality and powerful, then this will help to cope with the problem of air purification in the kitchen.

High-quality equipment is a guarantee of the institution's reputation

The organization of the cook's workplace implies the presence of the necessary attributes - tools. They are needed in order to quickly and efficiently prepare food. Therefore, the tool should be of high quality, as well as convenient to use and, ideally, perform several functions, that is, be multifunctional.

Food establishments must have professional equipment so that the cooking process of the cook goes without delay in time. Such equipment will pay off by the fact that it will last for many years without breaking or requiring repair.

The availability of multifunctional equipment will reduce the production stage to a minimum. However, the equipment present must be placed organically and not interfere with the chef's duties.

In the photo below, the workplace is presented in this form.

Required working area

An optimally equipped cook's workplace encloses a triangle, that is, three key positions: stove, sink and refrigerator. At the same time, everything should be arranged conveniently and not too far from each other so that the cook does not travel long distances when preparing food. However, it is not recommended to put too close, since the movements should not be constrained.

Chef's work clothes

While at his workplace, the chef should be dressed in special changeable clothing, which is worn directly at the workplace. This is done so that the street dust that is present on ordinary everyday clothes does not get on the food.

A set of sanitary clothes consists of the following mandatory items:

• Jacket.
• Cap.
• Apron.
• Neck scarf.
• Towel.
• Pants or skirt.
• Replaceable special shoes.

The organization of the cook's workplace also includes the provision of quality work clothes. The chef's overalls follow modern trends. If earlier a robe was a necessary attribute of the form, now trousers (or a skirt) and a tunic are used. This more "military" name characterizes the features of the shirt: stand-up collar, double-breasted fastener, reliefs with piping. There may be various buttons on the jacket, which will add style, they may also have the logo of the institution. Formerly a must-have cravat designed to wipe away sweat, it is now more of a complementary garment design element.

Since the cook is constantly exposed to steam and heat, the best option for shoes is a clog made of genuine leather with an orthopedic insole. The use of such insoles will allow you to correctly distribute the load on the legs - they will be less tired.

Clothing should provide the necessary freedom of movement, while always being clean and ironed.

Rules for the use of work clothes

Storing and wearing changeable clothes complies with the following rules:

• Clothes should always be clean.
• You cannot use pins.
• Store changing clothes separately from regular clothes.
• Do not go out in sanitary clothes.
• Change as it gets dirty.

At his workplace, the chef always looks neat, which only adds to the positive feedback to the establishment's reputation.

Conclusion

The correct organization of the cook's workplace is the key to the success of the establishment. Because, being in a comfortable environment, the chef will be able to perform his duties efficiently and with pleasure. Moreover, its appearance must comply with the sanitary and hygienic standards of work in production.

Stylish design, high-quality tools, equipment and their organic arrangement in the working area will make the chef's work comfortable and productive.

Organizational activities. Preparation of the workplace and admission to work

Preparation of the workplace and admission to work

The preparation of the workplace and the admission of the brigade to work is carried out only after obtaining permission from the operating personnel, in whose management and control the equipment is located.

It is not allowed to change the measures provided for by the order for the preparation of workplaces.

Preparation of the workplace - the implementation of technical measures before the start of work to prevent exposure to hazardous production factors at the workplace.

Before being admitted to work, the admitting person must make sure that the technical measures for preparing the workplace have been completed - by personal inspection, according to the entries in the operational log, according to the operational scheme and according to the messages of the operational and operational personnel of other involved organizations.

The responsible manager and the work contractor (supervisor), before admitting to work, must find out from the admitting person what safety measures have been taken when preparing the workplace, and together with a personal inspection within the workplace that allows checking the preparation of the workplace.

The admission to work according to orders and orders after the preparation of the workplace must be carried out directly at the workplace. In this case, the admitting must:

1. check the compliance of the brigade with the instructions of the order (order) - according to personal certificates;
2. prove to the brigade that there is no voltage by showing the installed grounding or checking the absence of voltage, if the grounding is not visible from the workplace (in electrical installations of 35 kV and below - by further touching the live parts with your hand).

The start of work on the side (order) should be preceded by targeted instruction.

Targeted briefing- instructions for the safe performance of specific work in an electrical installation, covering the category of workers determined by an order or order (from the person who issued the order to a member of the team).

Without targeted briefing, admission to work is not permitted.

Target instruction during work alongside (order) is carried out by:

1. issuing work order - to the responsible manager (if he is not assigned to the work supervisor or supervisor);
2. admitting - to the responsible work supervisor, the work supervisor (supervisor) and team members;
3. responsible work manager - to the work manufacturer (supervising) and team members;
4. work supervisor (observer) - to members of the team.

When a new member of the brigade is included in the brigade, briefing, as a rule, is carried out by the work supervisor (observer)

The issuing outfit (order), the responsible work manager, the work manager in ongoing or targeted briefings, in addition to electrical safety issues, must give clear instructions on the technology for safe work, the safe use of lifting machines and mechanisms, tools and devices.

The observer instructs the brigade on the measures for the safe conduct of work and on the procedure for moving the brigade through the territory of the electrical installation, excluding the possibility of electric shock.

The admitter in the target briefing acquaints the brigade with the content of the order, (orders) indicates the boundaries of the workplace, the presence of induced voltage, shows the current-carrying parts and equipment closest to the workplace, which are not allowed to approach, regardless of whether they are energized or not.

The admission to work is issued in both copies of the attire, of which one remains with the work supervisor (observer), and the second with the admitting one.

Supervision during work. Changes in the composition of the brigade.

After admission to work, supervision of the brigade's compliance with safety requirements is assigned to the work supervisor (responsible manager, supervising) who must organize his work in such a way as to monitor all members of the brigade.

The observer is not allowed to combine supervision with work.

If it is necessary to temporarily leave the workplace, the work supervisor (supervisor), if he cannot be replaced by the responsible work supervisor or the admitting one, is obliged to remove the team from the place of work with the doors to the electrical installation locked.

It is not allowed to remain in electrical installations with a voltage higher than 1 kV for one workmaker (observer) or team members without a workmaker (observer).

It is allowed, with the permission of the work supervisor (supervising), to temporarily leave the workplace of one or more team members. In electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV, the number of team members remaining at the workplace must be at least 2, including the work supervisor (observer)

Members of the brigade with group III can independently go out and return to the workplace, and members of the brigade with group II can only be accompanied by a member of the brigade with group III, or an employee who has the right to solely inspect electrical installations.

After leaving the electrical installation room, the door must be locked.

Returned team members can start work only with the permission of the work supervisor (supervisor).

If violations of the Safety Rules are found, the team must be removed from the workplace and the outfit is taken from the work manager (observer). You can start work again only after a new outfit has been issued.

It is allowed to change the composition of the brigade to the employee who issued the outfit or to another employee who has the right to issue an order to perform work in this electrical installation.

When replacing the responsible manager or work supervisor (supervisor), changing the composition of the team by more than half, changing the working conditions, the order must be issued anew.

Transfer to another workplace

If the order provides for alternate work at several workplaces, then in electrical installations with a voltage above 1 kV, the transfer of the brigade to another workplace is carried out by an admitting one. This translation can also be performed by the responsible work manager or the work supervisor (supervisor), if the issuing work order has instructed them to do this, with an entry in the work order in the line “separate instructions”.

In electrical installations up to 1 kV, as well as on overhead lines and cable lines, the transfer to another workplace is carried out by the work contractor (observer) without issuing an order.

Registration of work breaks and re-admission to work

When there is a break in work during the working day (for lunch, according to the working conditions), the team is removed from the workplace, and the doors of the electrical installation are locked.

The outfit remains with the work producer (observer). Team members are not allowed to return after a break to the workplace without a work supervisor (supervisor). The admission to work after such a break is carried out by the work supervisor (observer) without registration in the attire.

In case of a break in work due to the end of the working day, the team is removed from the workplace. Safety posters, fences, grounding are not removable.

In the outfit, the work manager (observer) draws up the completion of the work and hands over the outfit to the admitting person.

Re-admission on the following days to the prepared workplace is carried out by the admitting or, with his permission, the responsible work manager.

The manufacturer of the work (observer), with the permission of the admitting person, may admit the brigade to work at the prepared workplace, if he is instructed to do so in the line "Separate instructions" of the order.

Upon re-admission, the work manufacturer (supervisor) must make sure of the integrity and safety of the posters, fences, as well as the reliability of grounding and allows the brigade to work.

Completion of work

After the complete completion of the work, the work supervisor (supervisor) must remove the team from the workplace, remove the temporary fences, posters and groundings installed by the team, close the doors of the electrical installation with a lock and formalize the complete completion of the work in the order. The responsible manager, after checking the workplace, also draws up the complete completion of the work in the order.

After the work is completed by the manufacturer and the responsible work supervisor, in the order of complete completion of the work, the outfit is handed over to the admitting one, who, after inspecting the workplaces, informs the higher operational personnel of the complete completion of the work. Completion of work on the side (order) is also recorded by the operational personnel in the "Journal of work on orders and orders" and in the operational journal.

Switching on electrical installations after complete completion of work

Before turning on the electrical installation after the complete completion of the work, the operating personnel make sure that the electrical installation is ready for switching on (the cleanliness of the workplace, the absence of tools, etc.), removes temporary fences, portable safety and grounding posters, and restores permanent fences.

In emergency cases, before the completion of the work, the operating personnel or the admitting person can turn on the electrical equipment or electrical installation taken out for repair in the absence of the brigade, provided that before the arrival of the work manufacturer and the return of the order to them, workers are posted at the workplaces who are obliged to warn the manufacturer of the work and all members of the team about turning on the electrical installation and prohibiting the resumption of work.

Schoolboy's workplace should be ready by the time the child goes first to class. The preparation of the workplace must be approached very responsibly, since the child will spend more than one year behind it.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the ergonomics of the furniture. It is good if the desk top can be adjusted in height - this will ensure the correct posture for the child. Equally important is the design of the table.

It is necessary to take into account the number of drawers, shelves where school supplies will be stored, a place for a computer (if there is one or will be in the future). Additional elements (pull-out modules, extensions, additional shelves) for the workplace will help maintain order and increase the used surface.

For a nursery, you need to choose high-quality furniture so that the material from which it is made does not emit harmful and hazardous substances. Give preference to natural wood furniture.

Proper lighting is very important for the child's health. Schoolboy's workplace should be in the lightest part of the room. The light source, both natural and artificial, should be located on the left and in front (for left-handers on the right) so that when writing, the shadow from the hand does not fall on the notebook.

Preference should be given to lamps with soft yellow light. It is better to refuse fluorescent lamps because of the flickering that appears over time. The very same table lamp should be able to be fixed in any position.

Choose a seat with height and depth adjustment. The child should be comfortable. If the chair or chair is on castors, then it is desirable that there is a retainer. While the student is studying in primary school, there will always be a temptation to turn a chair on wheels into a racing car.

And don't forget that workplace, you do for a student... His opinion and tastes must be taken into account. What colors does your child like, what style he likes - all this should be reflected in his workplace. To workplace was more attractive and was not associated only with lessons, for younger children school age add your favorite fairy or cartoon characters to the interior. It can be just stickers, figurines or a pencil holder, anything that can attract a child to his desk.

In short, a workplace is an open or closed area of ​​a territory or space, equipped with the necessary production facilities, within which an employee is engaged in labor activities. It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Usually a certain part of the general production cycle is carried out at the workplace.

It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity it is necessary for him to provide such conditions under which his efficiency will be the highest.

Important! The employer should adapt the workplace, taking into account not only the specific type of activity, qualifications, but also the individual physical and psychological characteristics of each employee.

General requirements for the organization of the workplace

These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) and other legal documents.

The main goal of organizing a workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with the established deadlines and with the full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.

To achieve it, the workplace is subject to organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements.

What requirements should the employee's workplace meet?

Labor protection is a primary requirement!

The most important requirement in organizing a workplace is to ensure safe, comfortable working conditions, to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This whole complex of measures is called labor protection at work.

In other words, labor protection, in fact, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures and means that ensure safe working conditions and preserve the health of employees of the enterprise.

For this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety engineering, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

Indoor microclimate

The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. In particular, when the average daily temperature outside is below 10 ° C, the amplitude of its fluctuations in the room should be 22-24 ° C. When the ambient temperature is higher than the specified value - 23-25 ​​° C. In case of temporary non-observance of these conditions in one direction or another, the duration of the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 of June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology

Since today it is impossible to imagine office work without a PC, there are standards for employees who use computer technology in their work. For example, when working with a computer with a flat-panel monitor, the workplace must have an area of ​​at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a picture tube monitor - 6 sq. m. After each hour of operation, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 of May 30, 2003). The same normative act regulates the height, width and depth for the legs under the work table, stipulates the obligatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface.

The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency ranges and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated by the norm.

Attention! In basements, the use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited, and appropriate standards for the distance between technical means have been established for ordinary offices (SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).

Lighting requirements

Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in a room should be between 300 and 500 lux. When using artificial lighting, the lighting parameters must ensure the possibility of good visibility of the information issued by the personal computer screen. For local lighting, luminaires installed on work tables or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.).

Noise requirements

For the noise level, the maximum threshold is set at 80 decibels (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).
Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing gaskets under the main noise-generating equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of materials that absorb noise.

Providing conditions for eating

The procedure for eating at the workplace is regulated by article 108 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.09.04-87:

• if the number of employees is less than 10 people, a place with an area of ​​at least 6 sq. m, equipped with a dining table;
• with the number of employees up to 29 people, the required area is twice as much;
• if the company employs up to 200 employees, it is necessary to have a canteen;
• if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen must be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.

Unregulated situations

If situations arise that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (roof leaks, toilet faulty, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse to work. At the same time, the employer is obliged to offer him other employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare a downtime with the payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the employee's average wage.

Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:

1. The choice of a rational location of the working surface and area, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
2. Provision of measures to prevent or reduce the premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, workers who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more stressed than their less "advanced" colleagues.
3. Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency working conditions.

Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, fixtures, laboratory equipment, cargo handling mechanisms, etc.

Employer's responsibility

According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine the factors affecting the safety of working conditions in production. The employer is responsible for every violation of the established legislation.

At the first violation, officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or fined from 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (article 5.27.1. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, part 1).

In case of repeated violation of part 5 of this article, more severe penalties are already provided:

• officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
• the amount of the fine for individual entrepreneurs is the same, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
• organizations can be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also be subject to an administrative suspension of their activities.

Instead of a conclusion

According to the state of workplaces at a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of work organization and production culture in them, but also about their solidity and the degree of trust of potential and current customers in them.