Expenditure of gross family income. Family budget: sources of income and main types of expenses

Tutorial. Section 2. Family budget

The second section provides general provisions on the family budget, sources of income and basic expenses, forms of savings and types of insurance. It examines the motives and rules of rational behavior, consumer rights and the mechanism of their protection, raises questions of the formation of consumer culture.

Topic 2.1. Sources of family income, main types of family expenses. Savings of the population. Insurance

1. Family budget: sources of income and main types of expenses.

2. Savings of the population.

3. Insurance.

After studying this topic, you will be able to:

· To reveal the content of the family budget, sources of income and main types of expenses;

· Describe the various forms of savings and types of insurance;

· Analyze statistical data characterizing the structure of incomes and expenses, money savings of the population of Russia;

· Draw up a personal and family budget, identify ways to save money;

· Understand the need to form a culture of rational behavior in the financial market.

Family budget: sources of income and main types of expenses.

The basis of the financial base of any family is budget representing a list (balance) of cash income, expenses and savings for a certain period.

The income level of the population is the most important indicator of the well-being of society, a determining factor in relation to the social opportunities of the population: recreation, education, and health maintenance. The level of consumption of the population also directly depends on the level of income. This was first noticed by the German statistician E. Engel (1821-1896). Analyzing the statistics of different years and different countries, he noted that the lower the income, the more it is spent on food and nutrition deteriorates, i.e. the greater part of it falls on the physical content and less remains for spiritual development.

Analysis of the structure of income and expenditures of the population of Russia for the period 1970-2010. clearly shows how the transformation of the command-administrative economy into a mixed economic system is taking place. In the structure of income, the share of income from entrepreneurial activity and property is increasing, there are expenses for the purchase of foreign currency, etc.

Population income- the amount of money and material goods received or produced by households over a certain period of time. Cash income of the population includes wages, income from entrepreneurial activities, pensions, scholarships, various benefits, income from property in the form of interest, dividends, rent, proceeds from the sale of securities, real estate, agricultural products, various products, as well as income from various services provided on the side. The indirect family income includes government spending on the maintenance of schools, medical institutions, housing, etc.

Distinguish between primary incomes, which include income received from ownership of factors of production, and disposable income of the population - the result of redistribution processes. The latter are calculated using social transfers added to primary income and subtracting mandatory payments and fees. The resulting sum of funds is available to the population, families and individuals, i.e. can be used at their own discretion.

Social transfers- is the transfer of resources in cash and in kind by state and non-profit organizations to the population on a gratuitous basis. These include pensions, scholarships, allowances, other social assistance, as well as free services, primarily in the field of education and health care.

The size of the population's income is significantly influenced by the size of wages, since the most important among all economic resources used in the production of goods and services is labor. This is due to the fact that: firstly, almost every able-bodied member of society is a subject of the labor market; secondly, wages constitute the bulk of the income of the overwhelming majority of families in any country; thirdly, issues of employment, unemployment, and the level of wages become an object political and economic struggle, state policy.

Wage how the price of labor is formed under the influence of the demand for labor services and their supply (in fact, it is not labor itself that is inseparable from the person who is not in modern world object of sale and purchase, and labor services).

Distinguish between nominal and real wages. Nominal wages expressed in money that employees receive for their work. Real wages Is a set of goods and services that can be purchased with the money received, taking into account their purchasing power.

The dynamics of retail prices and taxes, the degree of saturation of the consumer market with goods affect both the level and dynamics of the population's income, since the indicators of nominal and real income are used.

Nominal income- the amount of money received by individuals during a certain period, and real income- the amount of goods and services that can be purchased by the amount of nominal income at the existing level of taxes and prices during a certain period, i.e. it disposable income adjusted for the consumer price index.

The consumer price index is the change in the value of basic consumer goods and services over a certain period, expressed as a percentage.

Tax- These are compulsory payments levied from individuals (population) and legal entities to the state income. Distinguish:

· Direct taxes that are levied directly on the income or property of the population. The personal income tax rate in Russia is 13% for any amount of income;

· Indirect taxes, which are included in the price of goods and services. These include value added taxes, excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol products.

Disposable income can be used for personal consumption and savings.

Expenditures of the population- these are the costs of purchasing goods and paying for services, mandatory payments and contributions paid by the population, to increase the population's savings in deposits, the acquisition of government and other securities, the purchase of real estate, and the purchase of foreign currency.

At first, the growth of incomes of the population leads to the fact that expenditures on food (i.e., basic agricultural products) begin to lag behind the costs of industrial products. Obviously, human needs for nutrition are limited by their biological nature, while needs for industrial goods are more varied and have no obvious physical limits. In the future, the growth of incomes of the population leads to the fact that the cost of services begins to grow faster than the demand for industrial goods.

Family expenses can be fixed (for example, utility bills) and variable (food, clothing), planned in advance and unexpected.

In the case of equality of family expenses and income, the budget is called balanced. If the estimated costs exceed the expected income, then there is budget deficit... If revenues exceed expenditures, they talk about budget execution with surplus.

Today we will understand in detail what is family income and expenses. We already know that it is a financial plan for a certain period of time (most often for a month or a year). It is a list of items of family income and expenses.

The family budget is prepared for:

control over the financial situation of the family
achieving financial goals (apartment, car, vacation, education, etc.)
financial protection of the family (creating cash savings in the form of a reserve fund, investments and pension savings).

The family budget is needed primarily in order to understand WHERE DOES YOUR MONEY COME FROM AND WHERE DOES YOUR MONEY COME FROM.Only by understanding the movement of money in the family will you be able to control it and begin to manage it.

The main task in drawing up a budget is to correctly distribute future revenues to the necessary items of expenditure, so that in the end expenses do not exceed revenues (so that the budget is balanced) and we have enough money to live on. To do this, it is necessary to correctly determine the main items of income and expenses in the family.

Family budget income.

D bypass - it money or material values received from an enterprise, an individual or any kind of activity.

With them it is more or less clear. There are not many sources of income in the family. First of all, you need to determine WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM, i.e.how much, where and when you get. I will give a list of possible sources of income, and you will need to select from it those articles that are suitable specifically for your family , write them out and calculate all the incomes planned for the month for all family members. Then you need to add all these incomes and you will determine total family income the next month.

Cash family income may include receipts of money in the form of:

1. Wages for hired work (at the main job, part-time or at your company)
2. Income from self-employment
3. Business income
4. Dividend on shares
5. Interest on bank deposits
6. Income from the rental of real estate. (Apartments, summer cottages, garages)
7. Income from the sale of real estate
8. Income from the sale of products from the backyard
9. Income from the sale of personal belongings.
10. Scholarships
11. Pensions
12. Child benefits
13. Alimony
14. Help from family and friends
!5. Gifts
16. Prizes, winnings
17. Tax refunds
18. Grants
19. Legacy

So you calculated the expected total family income for a month.

In order to draw up a family budget, it is necessary to distribute this money among the items of future expenses. This is much more complicated. You need to make a classification of expenses that would cover all family expenses as much as possible.

Family budget expenses

Consumption – these are costs, costs, consumption of something for specific purposes.

Now you need to define WHERE DOES THE MONEY GO, i.e.what, how much and when you spend. To do this, you need to make a list of all the expected costs.

In general, all expenses can be classified according to several criteria.

1. By importance

Costs can be required or required
This is what is vital to us NECESSARY ... They provide us with what we need first. These are expenses for food, for housing (rent, utilities), for transport, for the necessary clothes and shoes, necessary goods for home and for health, for the payment of debts (on loans, bills and insurance) and necessarily for savings in the reserve fund families (at least 10% of income). Those. these are vital expenses that ensure the minimum subsistence level for the family. It is recommended that these costs be no more than 50-60% of the total budget.
Costs may be aspirational ... This is what we are We want but not vital. These are the costs of satisfying our desires and getting pleasure. These include: entertainment, the Internet, expensive cosmetics and perfumes, spending on hobbies, fitness, beauty salons, books, trips, etc. things that you can do without in a difficult financial situation, but with sufficient funding, they are already "necessary."
Expenses can be "status"- spending on goods that correspond to a high position in society and income (expensive - clothes, phones, cars, travel, etc.)
Costs may be unnecessary - these are the costs of goods without which we could easily do without, i.e. expenses on things completely unnecessary to us, and sometimes even very harmful to us, see.

When drawing up a budget, the first step is to start allocating money to the necessary expenses. And plan the remaining money for the second and third group of expenses. Exactly due to these two groups it is possible to optimize expenses (either reduce or completely eliminate some items of expenses, or use them more rationally due to savings). But it is necessary to urgently get rid of unnecessary expenses, these are the main enemies of the family budget. How to reduce family expenses read

It is important to definitely decide what is a necessary expense for you, and what is just a pleasure, from which you can refuse for some time or forever. If you constantly go on about all your desires and pleasures, you will never be able to escape from the circle of financial problems! Because your desires will grow with your income, no matter how big they are.

And in order to understand what you really need, you need to make a list of needs for which you are ready to spend your money. Then you need to select the vital tasks, and arrange the rest in order of priority from the most important to the least important. Perhaps the least important expenses will be completely unnecessary for you.

2. By frequency

Regular expenses: expenses that are repeated regularly. They can be monthly and repeat from month to month (groceries, utilities, transportation, telephone, etc.) or annual (taxes, insurance, tuition fees, vacation).
Variable expenses: expenses that are not constant, are committed either as needed or planned (clothes, shoes, cosmetics, repairs, household appliances, and others).
Seasonal costs: winter supplies, seasonal clothing, school preparation costs, etc.
Unforeseen expenses: expenses that arise unexpectedly, unplanned.

When planning a budget for the year, it is better to start with the most rare expenses, that is, first of all, you need to determine the amount of annual and seasonal expenses and gradually set aside money for these items of expenditure throughout the year.

Types of expenses of the family budget.

And so we finally came to the classification of expense items. This table presents the main categories of family expenses.

Required recurring payments	Payment for utilities and telephone, loan repayment, tuition and kindergarten fees.
Irregular payments	Fees for mobile phones, Internet, other services, insurance, taxes, etc.
Eating at home	Food and drinks for meals at home.
Nutrition outside the house	Meals in cafes, restaurants, canteens, etc.
Transport	Travel by public transport, taxi, furniture transportation, courier services, etc.
Cloth and shoes	Expenses for the purchase, repair and sewing of clothes, linen, shoes
Cosmetics, hygiene and detergents	Cosmetics, perfumery, hygiene products, detergents and cleaning products,
Health	medicines, dietary supplements, treatment, diagnostics and treatment procedures.
Education	Purchase of literature, textbooks, payment for courses, lectures, a tutor, etc.
Sport	Payment for visits or subscriptions to gyms, swimming pool, gym, beaches, skating rinks, payment for the services of trainers, rental and purchase of sports equipment.
Relaxation	Expenses associated with the organization of recreation: vouchers to rest homes, sanatoriums, camp sites; hikes, trips, excursions.
Gifts and Holidays	Expenses related to holidays, important dates, family celebrations, birthdays, etc.
Pocket expenses	Miscellaneous funds (newspapers, drinks, ice cream, etc.).
Debts and commitments	Different types of debt
Leisure and hobbies	Visiting cinemas, theaters, concerts; purchase of collectibles, hobby expenses.
Home pets	Expenses for keeping pets and birds: feed, treatment, training, hygiene, exhibitions, etc.
House, household, household appliances.	Expenses for the purchase and repair of furniture, household goods and comfort, dishes and the purchase of household and digital equipment.
Repair	Expenses for the purchase of building materials and tools (wallpaper, paints, glue, varnishes, etc.), services of craftsmen, etc.
Dacha, garden plot	Expenses for the maintenance of a summer cottage, a garden plot, a house in a village: for membership fees, fuel, gas, water, electricity, purchase of seeds, seedlings, fertilizers, garden tools, etc.
Automobile	Gas costs, garage, parking, repair and maintenance, parking, fines, car wash, insurance, taxes, inspection, toll roads, etc.
Saving	Funds set aside for a reserve fund, for vacations or long-term purchases, retirement savings, investments.

If desired, these cost items can be broken down into smaller ones, deepened and detailed. It is worth considering in more detail the costs in case of high costs for any item in order to understand where the money is going, find a reserve for savings and optimize the budget.
For those who do not want to very much detail and complicate the process of maintaining a family budget, you can offer a simpler cost structure.

Housing costs (rent, taxes, insurance, home maintenance, rent)
Food expenses (groceries, cafes and restaurants)
Debts (debts, loans)
Transportation costs (car, public transport, taxi)
Leisure expenses (vacations, hobbies, cultural events)
Personal expenses (clothing, cosmetics, entertainment, books, treatment and wellness)
Savings (reserve fund, retirement savings, investments)
Other expenses.

Now it is important for you to choose those items of expenditure that are in your family, or you can make your own classification of expenses. Next, you need to roughly calculate how much money is spent on each article. To do this, it is advisable to keep a detailed record of all your expenses for a month (you must carefully record all your expenses, write in a notebook, collect checks, receipts.) For counting, it is very convenient to use a table in Excel or special programs for home accounting. An overview of programs for managing a family budget can be viewed

Money is the means necessary for human existence; it plays an important role in our life. Often, many families have a shortage of funds. Not only young families who have just started living together, but also families that have been married for many years.

It seems that the income is the same as in the families of friends, but for some reason it is not enough, even crying, and you constantly have to borrow from your parents or friends until payday. Where does the money go? Why do they flow away like sand through your fingers? And how do others manage not only to save money until the next paycheck, but also to increase and save? Why does a friend always have a full wallet, like she buys the same products? But you have no money in a week after the payday, but she always has money.

Family budget: Income and expenses

- This is the total amount of income and expenses of all family members during a certain time.
Family income consists of the money that spouses receive in the form of wages, from payments of child benefits, alimony, pensions, from the rental of living quarters, from the accrual of interest on bank deposits and other cash receipts.
Also, the family's income includes material assistance from relatives, for example: parents give a certain amount of money to a young family every month or children help elderly parents.
Costs- This is the money spent on the maintenance of the family. Costs are permanent and unforeseen.

Fixed costs- these are payments for services that must be paid monthly: utility bills, payment for communication services, for a parking lot, for a loan, for a kindergarten, for the study of children in educational institutions. Fixed costs include the cost of food and medicine, household chemicals, car maintenance. You should also allocate money for pocket money, for travel on public transport, for meals at work and in educational institutions.

You just need to spend a certain amount of money every month on entertainment: going to the cinema or theater, home holidays, buying books or CDs. Also, fixed costs include money that the family sets aside in reserve, for vacation or apartment renovation, or for purchasing large purchases: a car, household appliances, new furniture, clothes and shoes.

Unexpected expenses- these are expenses that often arise unexpectedly in the family and which simply cannot be postponed. Suddenly, one of the family members has a toothache and it is just necessary to make a visit to the dentist. Or a family member is sick. Consultations, medical procedures and tests are required. Despite the fact that we have free medicine, you have to pay for everything. Also, a refrigerator or washing machine, other household appliances, a car can break down in the house - you will have to call the master and pay for the repairs. Or an urgent need to repair clothes or shoes.

How to properly distribute expenses for a month? How can you save money?

Determine for yourself the expense items, let's say "food", "payments" and so on. You can start a notebook, draw up a table of income and expenses and write down every day what you spent your money on. Or you can just take several envelopes, sign each envelope “payments”, “food”, “clothes and shoes” and so on, and put the sums that are going to be spent on these purposes in the envelopes. Instead of envelopes, you can take boxes. For example: 6 envelopes.

Payments(utilities, loans and other obligatory payments). Calculate how much money per month you need to pay for services. Try to pay all bills at once, do not accumulate debts, because if you do not pay for services on time, then fines and penalties are charged.
You can save on payments by installing hot water meters, for cold water, for electricity.

Food and household expenses(food, medicine, hygiene items, household chemicals,
stationery and other necessary stuff). Calculate how much money you need for groceries and other goods, put the money in an envelope labeled "food", and spend this money strictly for the intended purpose.

How can you save on food? Do not buy ready-made food products, salads, fried cutlets, cook yourself. It will be both cheaper and healthier, because it is not known how many days this salad is on the counter. Try to purchase semi-finished products less often, it is better to stick dumplings and dumplings yourself, and freeze them, in reserve, it will be much more profitable and tastier.

May you always have a supply of products that are stored for a long time - sugar, tea, flour, cereals. It is good if you make homemade preparations, salt cabbage, pickle cucumbers and tomatoes, prepare jam and compotes for the winter. You can freeze berries and mushrooms. In this case, even if you run out of money, then until payday you can hold out on stocks.

Do not buy those products that you can do without - chips, crackers, soda, chocolate bars, beer, salted fish for beer and other little things. It's no secret that many families buy beer every day, just like cigarettes. So calculate how much money in your family is spent on bad habits, on various little things.

Don't grab everything. In the store, buy groceries according to a previously compiled list, do not take large quantities of perishable food, do not be greedy, you do not need sausage and cheese to lie in the refrigerator for several days. Better to buy a smaller amount so you don't have to throw away spoiled foods. And they also advise not to go to the store on an empty stomach.

Clothes and footwear... Set aside part of your salary to buy clothes and shoes. You can make a list of things that need to be purchased. Such little things as socks, tights, underwear can be purchased monthly, of course, as needed. If the amount that you plan to set aside for clothes is enough, then you can buy larger updates. If money is difficult, then it is better not to spend this money, let it lie in an envelope until the next paycheck.

Approach the purchase of clothes deliberately, buy only the necessary things, things that fit well on your figure. Try to pay attention to the quality of the goods, because it often happens that after the first wash, clothes lose both color and appearance.

Don't waste your money on buying unnecessary things, those that will hang in the closet that you will not wear. After all, it often happens that we buy a skirt or shoes just because everyone bought it or because the price is low.

To save money, you can buy clothes and shoes at sales or use discount cards.

Stock(money for vacation, for large purchases, for the education of children, for repairs in the apartment).
If your children study in universities on a paid basis, then you just need to save money every month in reserve. Divide the amount you need to pay for a year of study by 12 and save monthly. After all, you must admit that it is very difficult to immediately give the entire amount. The money that you will allocate is better to immediately set aside for a savings account, then there will be no temptation to spend it on other needs. At the same time, interest will be charged on them, which means your income will increase.

Pocket expenses(lunches, travel, personal money). Allocating pocket money is essential. Each family member should have a certain amount of money that he will spend on meals at the place of work or study, on public transport, on the purchase of cigarettes, if one of the family members smokes, on all sorts of little things for personal needs. You can add an expense item such as entertainment to this section. The family can spend this amount of money on going to the cinema, to the zoo, on holidays and birthdays.

Can you save on pocket money? It is possible, if the place of work and study is not far from home, it is better to walk, and it is better to come home for lunch. You can and even need to quit smoking, or smoke less.

Unexpected expenses... Money for unforeseen expenses must be set aside, and if in the current month this money does not have to be spent for its intended purpose, then you can use it for other needs. Better yet, if this money is not spent, but will accumulate as a reserve.

How to increase family income?

Don't go into debt.

First of all, try to live within your means, do not spend more than you earn. Do not go into debt if you are in debt, like in silks, make every effort to pay off your debts. Do not have enough loans, because often many families have not one, but several loans. They bought a TV on credit, a fur coat and a car for my wife, and almost all of the salary goes to repay the loan. Of course, you want everything now and at once. So you have to sit for years without a penny, live in a lack of money, denying yourself everything.

Find a part-time job.

Even after you have begun to properly manage your cash income, you still do not have enough funds to pay the salary, then you really need to try to find a part-time job or change your job to a higher-paying one. Try to show your best side at work, raise your professional level so that you are noticed and your salary is revised upward.

Also look for an opportunity to make money. If you have a car, you can find clients whom you will pick up for a fee to work, or take them wherever they need to, in their free time or on weekends.

You can find a job on the Internet, if you have children, you can start selling children's things, because you know children grow up quickly and clothes do not have time to be demolished. There will always be moms who want to buy things cheaper, and you will have an extra penny to your income. The most basic addition to your income is part-time work after your main job. You can get a job as a technician or a loader. You can sew, knit to order, repair hardware. Everything is in your hands, do not be lazy, you yourself know that "water does not flow under a lying stone."

Treat money positively.

In order for your income to increase, you just need to develop a positive attitude towards money. After all, as many people here say: “money is dirt”, “money is not happiness”, “you cannot earn all the money”. Money loves those people who love it, treats it with respect. Never say that you have no money, do not complain that you cannot make ends meet, by this you only exacerbate money problems, inspiring yourself and others that you are not able to have a larger amount of money.

If you are saving money for some specific purpose, imagine that soon this goal will approach or that happy moment has already come, and you are already relaxing at the sea, or with pleasure, plant flowers in your new dacha, or eat with your family in your new car. Dream, because thoughts are attracted by events and a dream will certainly come true. Never say that you are saving money for a "rainy day", because a rainy day is misfortune, grief, misfortune. If you constantly repeat that this money is for a "rainy day", then you will program and attract failures into your life.

Ways to raise money.

There are many ways to raise money. These are all kinds of magic rituals, conspiracies, prayers and folk signs. Each person has their own tried and tested ways that work. How this happens is not clear, but it definitely works. I don’t know about magic rituals, I haven’t used them, but I also have several signs and methods that I use. Of course, if you lie on the stove and do not work, then no signs, prayers and conspiracies will help to increase the wealth in the family.

On the kitchen table, under a tablecloth or oilcloth, put a few banknotes and let them lie there, this is so that there is prosperity in the house.

Do not put an empty bottle on the table, and do not brush bread crumbs off the table with your hand, so as not to live in poverty.

Let the salt shaker always be full of salt. The jar in which you store the salt must also be full. Pour salt into it constantly - this is so that there is abundance in the house.

The refrigerator should not be in front of the door. It should always be clean and should not contain spoiled and moldy food. Don't put any rubbish on top of the refrigerator. Keep the stove, counter and sink clean. The kitchen is the embodiment of your prosperity, there should always be order.

Don't take out the trash after sunset. Keep the trash bin clean, cover it with a lid and put it in a cabinet under the sink so that it is hidden from view.

Lay out a stack of coins in the corners of the apartment and do not touch them, sometimes add new coins to make money flow.

Pour small change into a beautiful box and constantly add small change there. Put different bills in the box, you can even all kinds of coupons, which depict money, such coupons are often given when buying household appliances. If you have not used them, then you can put them in for divorce by adding a few real bills to them.

Repair all dripping taps, leaking toilet bowls, close the toilet lid. This must be done so that money does not flow away.

Do not whistle in the apartment. There will be no money.

In the wallet there should be an unchangeable bill, which should not be spent, it is better to let it be a banknote of another state. For several years I have in my wallet such a bill, which was left from a trip to visit relatives in another country. And I believe that it is thanks to this money that I always have money in my wallet. And the husband believes that a bag of spices and salt from Rolton noodles attracts money to his wallet. Some people have a dried horseradish spine in their wallets and say that it also helps attract money.

Put a coin in the pockets of your outerwear, even if these clothes are hanging in the closet.

Be sure to show the young month money on the new moon, preferably the largest that you have at this time. This must be done in order for you to have money for the whole month and to increase your income.

Place the broom in the corner with a broom upside down.

Plant a money tree at home, which is considered a symbol of income and prosperity.

Do not borrow money or repay debt in the evening and at night.

Do not lend money to drinkers who do not repay debts and borrow for a bottle.

And so that your family becomes financially prosperous, so that there is money in the family, do not be lazy, work and work!

Family budget any family consists of expenses and income. In a previous article, I wrote about where to start. In this article, we will continue to explore the basics of home finance and take a closer look at each category of income and expense.

In the table below, I indicated what the categories of expenses and income of our family look like, according to which my wife and I keep records of personal finances.

I'll comment on each point and start with income:

Husband salary, wife salary and other sources.

These are income categories. In an ordinary average family, there are few such items of income, so I think everything is clear here. We indicate how much the husband received, how much the wife received. In the Other Sources section, I list everything that came to me from other sources. These are all kinds of shabbos, birthday gifts in the form of money, the sale of any items, such as a car or an old laptop. I even had such a case when in 2007 I twice participated in small car accidents where I was the injured party. Fortunately for me, these were minor accidents and in those cases I did not repair the car, but asked the insurance companies to transfer money to me for repairs to my bank account. After that, having withdrawn this money, it was quite logical to carry out this operation in his " Family budget"As Income - Other Sources.

Obligatory expenses

This is a category of expenses of the family budget, from which we will not go anywhere, no matter how much we would like it. Here I included such expenditure transactions as rent, payment of telephone bills, the Internet and payment of loans. These are expenses that I practically cannot adjust, unlike the rest. Except for phone payment only. Of course, you can refuse to talk, but the savings will turn out to be dubious. And since I am an active person in life and I associate many of my business qualities with mobility and efficiency, then fast communication, to which I include a mobile phone and the Internet, is necessary for me like air. Moreover, my direct income largely depends on these compulsory expenses. V Family budget your family may include other obligatory expenses, they can easily be determined by one to three months of keeping records.

Products

The category is quite complex in its filling. Sometimes even boring. But still necessary for any family budget. The more you break down into Subcategories, the clearer your grocery spending will be. And the easier it is, in the future, you will adjust your spending on groceries. For example, one summer I noticed that in ours spending on foods such as drinks and sweets increased. Having analyzed the expenses of the family budget in recent years, I realized that they are associated with hot weather. It was July-August. At that time, spending on soft drinks, ice cream, milkshakes, etc. increased. Seeing that by mid-August I was overspending on my family budget under the Food-Drinks item, I realized that by the end of the month, if I didn't take action, the overspending would increase. The first thing that occurred to me was to limit myself in the consumption of drinks. But he rejected this idea right there, because in hot weather the head thinks about something completely different and the dehydrated body simply will not give a chance to refuse soft drinks. I found the solution quickly enough. At the wholesale base I bought dried fruits from which my wife cooked tasty, healthy and well-quenching compotes. And they saved the family budget and quenched their thirst.

The same goes for the rest of the Subcategories of our family budget. Effective management of personal finances allows you to keep yourself within the framework, spend money on food within reasonable limits, save profitably and be in good financial shape!

Automobile

Here, we see items of expenses that are quite familiar to every motorist, such as fuel costs, repairs and maintenance, washing, insurance and taxes. Maintaining a family budget allows you to intelligently distribute the monetary burden on car maintenance throughout the year. For example, I always take out insurance in January. And in August I pay transport taxes. In the summer I try to spend less money on washing and wash the car myself more often. I'm going through a checkup in February. In April and October I try to change the engine oil and other consumables as needed. In winter, fuel consumption increases, and therefore there are adjustments in my financial plan. And, accordingly, I try to plan some serious work related to the maintenance and repair of the car for the remaining months "free" from monetary loads, unless of course it is some very urgent repair.

In the above text, I have already indicated such costly months for the family budget as January, February, April, August, October. This also includes the winter months: November, December and March. May, June, July remain free. For these months, I try to plan the expenses of the family budget associated with car repairs. I do something myself, especially in the summer it can be done on the street. Sometimes I involve my father or friends. Well, if the matter is complicated, then I drive the car to the service station. In the summer I buy winter tires, as during this period they have the lowest prices. Accordingly, I try to buy summer tires in winter, usually November or December.

Thanks to this approach, the burden on the family budget under the item Car usually turns out to be evenly distributed throughout the year. And not as I did before, when I did not plan such things in the family budget. Sometimes I could spend my entire salary on a car in one month, because I did not calculate the load. In such situations, I often had to go into debt, since there was no money left for a living, for food, and so on. Effective personal finance management implies comfortable spending of your own funds, and not constant sharp swings from plus to minus, and vice versa.

Entertainment

For a person, for productive activity throughout his life, it is necessary not only to work mentally and physically, but also to rest and have fun. Life is given to us once, so we must live and enjoy life, get pleasure from it. It is imperative to do what gives you pleasure and joy. Otherwise, life will become dull and boring and lose all meaning. But it is also necessary to spend money wisely on entertainment. Effective family budget management will help you to spend your funds profitably for the business. However, often people, in pursuit of entertainment, lose their goal in themselves and turn life into sheer entertainment, which is dangerous in itself. You cannot make entertainment the meaning of life. The full value of life in this lies in the fact that everything should be within reasonable limits.

In our family budget there is an expenditure item "Entertainment". Competent personal finance management allows us to control and keep ourselves within limits, but at the same time do what we like. For example, every weekend we try to entertain ourselves in different ways. In the table I tried to indicate the most interesting ways of spending leisure time for our family. helped us determine how much money is required for this or that entertainment. For example, based on two people, a movie usually costs 500-700 rubles. For sushi 700 - 1000 rubles, pizzeria 200 - 500 rubles, coffee shop 300 - 700 rubles, restaurant 800 - 2500 rubles, disco 1000 - 2000 rubles.

Here, as well as in other categories, we try to adhere to an even distribution of costs throughout the year. Of course, there are situations when we go beyond the planned costs. But keeping the family budget helps us out here too. In such cases, next weekend we plan cheaper entertainment or sometimes refuse it and spend the weekend either in nature or at home at the lowest cost. There was such a case when we went on vacation, which lasted from mid-September to mid-October.

During this vacation, we had a great rest, sunbathed, swam in the sea, gained strength and health, every day we went to discos, restaurants, in general, we had a good time, again within the framework of the pre-planned money (we will talk about planning in more detail in the following articles). Of course, they paid well for it. Therefore, upon returning home, my wife and I decided that by the end of the year we would try to save our family budget, under the heading Entertainment, since we had a great vacation on vacation. And, from mid-October until the end of the year, there were practically no serious expenses for Entertainment in our family budget. This did not affect our psychological state at all, on the contrary. We were able to save more money to invest in our future, which we were very happy about.

Taking care of yourself

Here, we indicate all the expenses of the family budget that relate to any matters related to taking care of yourself. These are trips to the hairdresser and beauty salons, the purchase of various creams for skin care, cosmetics, shampoos, the purchase of necessary medicines. We also include clothing expenses here. The category of self-care is everything related to our appearance, health, condition.

Vacation

Here, we plan and account for all the expenses associated with the vacation. Family budgeting helped us determine how much money we had spent on previous trips. For example, the last trip to the sea cost us 111,367 rubles. Moreover, this is not just a figure, but specific data for each item of expenditure, namely the cost of purchasing a voucher, visa, cosmetics for tanning, clothes and everything else. My wife and I have paid a total of 75,856 rubles. 111 367 - 75 856 = 35 511 - this is the money that we took from our reserves, namely those saved earlier and placed on. Now, in order to plan the next vacation, we will take these numbers. We will focus on the same costs and the same vacation pay. Therefore, in our financial plan, we need to make calculations of 35,511 rubles. Dividing them by 11 (we worked for so many months before taking leave) we get 3,230 rubles. This is the amount we will save from our total salary in order to rest next time. I have shown you a single example of planning our family budget.

Household products

In this category of the family budget, we indicate the costs of purchasing household goods. Keeping track of previous purchases allows you to systematically make all the necessary purchases for your home in the future. Whether it's a new TV, a kitchen set, or a refurbishment item. Acquisition becomes more meaningful. With the help of the family budget, there are less and less spontaneous expenses. Having received a salary and having a financial plan for a month in our hands, we acquire only what we have planned in advance, and not what we suddenly wanted. Having planned the family budget, we understand that by spending more money in one of the categories than was necessary, we will automatically cut ourselves in expenses in other categories. All this is impossible if not led family budget.

Education

In our family there is a clear conviction that a person in his development must constantly overcome new frontiers. You cannot stop in your development: mental, spiritual, physical. You need to constantly work on yourself. Train, read, try, ask, learn, etc. We try to use every second of our lives wisely. We are not supporters of spending our leisure time with a bottle of beer in front of the TV 365 days a year. We will be happy to spend time on our own development. This is usually reading, watching video training and listening to audiobooks. The Internet provides endless possibilities. it's like a huge encyclopedia where you can find anything you want. Like this site that will teach you how to lead effectively!

That is why we have such an item of expenditure as "Education". We regularly purchase magazines and books. We attend various training programs, we get higher education... Although Education is an expense, I still prefer to talk about it as an investment in myself that will pay off over time. Indeed, with each book I read, an audio file listened to or a video seminar watched, I become more informed in various issues, which is subsequently reflected in practice. I learn about new ways to improve the quality of my work, improve relationships with people, learn about new ways of selling, ways of investing, etc. I receive a lot of new information that helps me in various matters and makes me and my family members more successful in life. Due to the fact that at one time I was not engaged in idleness, now I know and can manage money competently and effectively manage my Family budget.

miscellanea

This is a necessary category, which appears in the form of subcategories and in other sections of our family budget. It reflects such expenses that I could not attribute to any existing ones. There is a subcategory "Unplanned" here, since life is an unpredictable thing and only seers can predict what will happen in the next minute. I do not consider myself one of them, therefore I have such a subcategory in my family budget. No one is insured against various incidents in life that entail financial expenses.

In addition, no matter how disciplined my wife and I are, money is periodically spent that we do not have time to or simply forget to fix. As a result, the subcategory "Miscellaneous - Unknown" appeared. As a rule, these are small amounts, from 50 to 500 rubles per month. Be prepared for the fact that some part of the money, your family budget, will still go past the checkout.

Translation

If we consider the management of personal finances from an economic point of view, then the family budget is a kind of system within which money flows. They come and go. The category "Transfer" is used to take into account the movement of money to other systems. In various programs for maintaining the Family budget, such systems are usually called accounts. Since our task is to learn how to correctly manage the money earned, as well as find opportunities to save some part of the money that will work for us in the future, there must accordingly be another system in which the saved money will exist, accumulate and multiply. Such a system is usually

Where did you get the money? Often the sources of family income are the financial consequences of the economic activities of adult family members:

Work remuneration
Business profit

Many families have a source of income derived from:

compensation and damages
instead of benefits and rights (for example, annual leave)
scholarship
alimony
pension

Family income and financial receipts from previous investments:

rental income
interest and dividends
royalties
donations

Regular and irregular family income

If the family maintains a regular monthly source of income, the amount of which is determined in advance, accounting for the costs of these incomes is simple.

It is worth remembering that such income cannot be "stretched". Very often, when we decide on the distribution of the costs of monthly payments in the future, you may find that this can be done with additional costs for such operations. Then we risk that our financial plans will be upset by a random event.

Planning for irregular expenses and income is more difficult. What was the average household income for the previous year? What is the minimum monthly income you can expect? What is the regular portion of income, such as the base salary, without co-workers and benefits?

Budget for a minimum source of income, and only the surplus will be used to cover additional needs, and this is only when the money is actually in your pocket.

Safe sources of income

If the family has only one source of income, this can be dangerous. Think about how certain income from each source affects the family's economy. Social benefits are considered one source, but you may have to meet certain criteria and the laws may change.

It is better if they work with all the adults in the family. Take as a basis only one salary a big financial risk. Household income depends on many factors, but in general, good planning and some action will help amplify the effect of increasing income and distributing it among several sources.

As an example, you can:

try to get a temporary job
expand skills
invest to have interest income

If your family's income comes from multiple sources, be extra careful when planning your budget. Calculate the average, and even if you have money now, don't spend more than the average.

Additional source of income

Many of us have talents, skills, or abilities that are not used to generate income. A mistaken thought deeply embedded in our belief that work and pleasure should not be confused. Think about what you really enjoy doing. Maybe your home is a mini kindergarten to attract children from all over the area? Maybe you can sew, repair ...? Or do you know so many people that you can connect them with each other and create a society, foundation, club ...?

Buy a beer, grab a pen and paper, and make a plan for yourself "like a boss."

Do you like to think ...

Costs

Obviously, the income that the family receives will be spent on paying for everything the family needs for a given period. But what exactly do you need? To be able to control the family budget, you must know that this budget is really important and that we can eliminate unnecessary expenses.

Why do we actually spend more money paid out? Most of us do not even think about this question, we do not name our spending goals, although they are obvious for every family:

keeping family members alive (food, clothing, housing costs, health-related expenses)
raising children and adults to make them financially independent from people and
parents
providing entertainment, recreation and other higher funding needs
(for example, religious, cultural, aesthetic, sports, social interactions and building their authority among the people).

These needs are the same for all of us, but we differ in the details of their implementation and what is really important to us and what is less. For many parents, raising younger children school age is much cheaper. But there are also those parents who make financial efforts to ensure that their children receive additional elements of education, such as foreign languages. Such children, in the future, as a rule, have a higher quality of life than the parents themselves.

There are people for whom garden work is a holiday, and there are those for whom, with great financial efforts throughout the year, the main thing is to sunbathe in the tropical sun once a year.

Costs.

The family's expense can be constant, which is repeated over a certain period of time, usually once a month:

rent
household bills (electricity, gas, heating, garbage disposal, telephone)
loan installment
insurance premiums
payments related to school and tuition
transportation costs (tickets for public transport, fuel)

There are also occasional expenses for each family:

maintenance and overhaul
procurement of equipment (furniture, household appliances, cars)
buying clothes
expenses related to holidays and celebrations, vacations and holidays,
expenses for diseases and examinations

The most common household expenses are everyday purchases:

nutrition
our little joys and habits (sweets, cigarettes, newspapers)

There are also expenses from the category of "unwanted":

interest and fines
fines and compensations (for example, the cost of repairing the neighbors' houses flooded with water)
expenses for unpaid due date (interest)

Savinghousehold budgets is a difficult task: as a rule, they spend money

on small purchases, and we leak money between our fingers. Accounting for expenses is tedious and time consuming, so hardly anyone bothers counting.

We avoid it for another reason: instinctively we prefer not to see how much we spend a month on pleasure and "trifles". Cost analysis would force us, perhaps, to take drastic measures to reduce costs, but if we do not analyze, then we "live one day."

There are many smart financial decisions. The collected information will help to analyze the current situation.

Write down your monthly fixed expenses. You need to know if they are truly fixed or if they tend to change over a long period of time. For example, seasonality.

Keep track of incidental expenses. Identify your "expensive habits". Maybe instead of something to eat at home, in the office, you buy ready-made sandwiches. If you smoke cigarettes, analyze how much you spend on it per month - you will be pleasantly surprised!

Now we sit down and write down the expenses. While you are on the subway, mark your current purchases, then it is difficult to recover small amounts. No wonder the ancestors said: "The kopeck protects the ruble."

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