The rule am, is, are for children it becomes one of the first difficulties in learning English grammar. In fact, there is nothing difficult about this rule. The main thing is to learn the theory and practice in practice.

English verb to be

Of course, in English language verb to be(to be, to be) is the most basic and important. It is used much more often than other verbs. There are 3 forms of the verb in total to

I	am
He	is
She	is
It	is
We	are
They	are
You	are

Remembering the rule is not difficult. To fully master the rule am, is, are, there is a special algorithm for children. First you need to learn all the pronouns ( I- I am, he- he, she- she, it- it, we- we, they- they, you- you, you). Then you need to learn all forms of the verb to be, as well as lexical meanings. Only then will it be easy for the child to remember which form refers to which pronoun.

Verb to be is necessary in English in order to communicate your name, where you are from, your profession, etc.

After the child has learned all the languages ​​and forms of the verb to be, you can start studying the short form of this verb, negative, as well as the short negative. To study this rule, you must study and memorize this table.

Long Form	Short Form	Negative Form	Short Negative Form
I am a doctor	I "m a doctor	I am not a doctor	I "m not a doctor
He is a doctor	He "s a doctor	He is not a doctor	He isn "t a doctor
It is a cat	It "s a cat	It is not a cat	It isn "t a cat
We are tourists	We "re tourists	We are not tourists	We aren "t tourists
You are a singer	You "re a singer	You are not a singer	You aren "t a singer
She is from Spain	She "s from Spain	She is not from Spain	She isn "t from Spain

It should be borne in mind that it is impossible to learn full, short and negative forms in one day. am, is, are... must be selected according to the level of study. If you have just begun to study and consolidate this rule, allow your child to do exercises using a notebook or textbook with a written rule. When you see that the child does not make mistakes in the exercises, close all the aids and let the child handle on their own.

You should not study all the subtleties of the verb forms on the first day. to be... The rule must be remembered for the rest of your life, which means that every moment must be given special attention.

Examples of using the verb to be

Verb to be used:

• when you need to introduce yourself to a stranger:

I am Ivan (my name is Ivan).

His name is John (his name is John).

• To report your location:

I am in London (I'm in London).

He is in Moscow (he is in Moscow).

We are in the park (we are in the park).

• To name someone's nationality:

I am Russian (I am Russian).

She is American (she is American).

• To name your profession or to tell you about a hobby

He is a doctor (he works as a doctor / he is a doctor).

I am a tourist.

We are teachers (we are teachers / We are teachers).

Verb to be is very widely used in English. Throughout the study of this foreign language, the verb to be will accompany your child all the time. That is why the rule am, is, are for children it is so important, it must be remembered once and for all.

Exercises to consolidate the study of the verb to be

Strengthening the study of the verb to be (am, is, are)- exercises for children. The English language must be constantly reinforced in practice. For this, both live communication and grammar exercises will help.

Exercise number 1.

Assignment: Insert the required verb form to be into the pass.

1. I _ a teacher.

2. He _ a tourist.

3. My name _ Roma.

4. Kate _ a doctor.

5. They _ actors.

Right answers: am, is, is, is, are.

Exercise number 2.

Assignment: Translate into English, use a short form of the verb to be.

1. He is from Spain.

2. She works as a singer.

3. We are not in France.

4. My name is Alina.

5. She is not a tourist.

6. My father works as a chauffeur.

7. They don't live in Australia.

8. My mom doesn't work as a doctor.

9. I am not a teacher.

10. We live in Russia.

1. He "s from Spain.

2. She "s a singer.

3. We aren "t in France.

4. I "m Alina / My name" s Alina.

5. She isn "t a tourist.

6. My father "s a driver.

7. They aren "t live in Australia.

8. My mother isn "t a doctor.

9. I "m not a teacher.

10. We "re live in Russia.

Exercise number 3.

Task: Select am, is or are.

1. I _ very friendly.

2. My mother is very busy.

3. My friends are very funny.

4. My teachers _ very kind.

5. I _ American.

6. He _ from Italy.

7. I _ not very good pupil.

Answers: am, is, are, are, am, is, am.

It is necessary to constantly train to remember the use of the forms. am, is, are... Exercises for children help to understand all the intricacies of using these forms.

Modal design to be to with the infinitive of a semantic verb is used to express plans, agreements, orders, instructions, prohibitions and what is destined to happen.

To be to has three forms of the present ( am, are, is) and two past tense forms ( was and were). For the conjugation rules for this verb, see the article on the semantic verb to be.

Present tense construction to be to used only with verbs in the form of a simple infinitive. After to be to in the past time ( was to, were to), verbs are used in the form of a simple infinitive (the first form of a verb) or a perfect infinitive. For future tense, modal design to be to is replaced by have to in the form of future tense will have to.

Past	The present	Future
Simple / Perfect Infinitive	Simple Infinitive	Shall / Will have to
We were to meet at 5 p.m. We were supposed to meet at 5.	We are to meet at 5 p.m. We have to meet at 5pm.	We will have to meet next week. We'll need to meet next week.
He was to have met us but he forgot to do it. He was supposed to meet us, but he forgot about it.
I He She It + was to + ...	I + am to + ... He She It + is to + ...	I We + shall have to + ...
You We They + were to + ...	You We They + are to + ...	He She It You They + will have to + ...

He She It

+

is to

+

...

He She It You They

+

will have to

+

...

Statement

Affirmative sentences with construction to be to are used very often and are used both in the present and in the past tense.

The design expresses official plans, agreements, orders, instructions, necessity arising from a pre-planned plan.

• Today you are to work in this room.“You work in this room today.
• Nobody is to leave this room!- No one will leave this room!
• The President of our country is to visit France this week.- The President is going to visit France this week.
• All students are to write a yearly project by the end of this course.- All students must write a term paper at the end of this course.

• I was to meet my friends at the station.- I had to meet friends at the station.
• He - He was going to speak at the meeting.
• Matt and Andrew came to an agreement that they were to fix our printer.“Matt and Andrew agreed to fix our printer.

Also to be to conveys the possibility of something. It is often used with a semantic verb in the Passive Infinitive form.

• I know where this book is to be found.- I know where this book can be found.
• These flowers are to be seen in many parks of our city.- These flowers can be seen in many parks in the city.
• Matt was to be seen playing the guitar in the city center.- Matt could be seen playing guitar in the city center.

Negation

In negative sentences with the construction to be to particle not placed after the verb to be... As a rule, negative sentences mean a categorical prohibition or impossibility of something. In this case, after to be to the perfect infinitive is not used (have + verb in 3rd form).

• Ban
• You are not to be here!- You shouldn't be here!
• He was not to approach his ex-wife’s house.- He was forbidden to approach the house of his ex-wife.
• My friends were not to go to yesterday's concert.- My friends were forbidden to go to yesterday's concert.

• Impossibility of action
• This novel is not to be read in one day. It's too big.- It is impossible to read this novel in one day. It's too big.
• We wanted to stay friends but it wasn’t to happen.- We wanted to remain friends, but this was not destined to happen.

Question

In an interrogative sentence with the construction to be to verb be in the desired form is placed at the beginning of a sentence or after the question word.

• Am I to stay here?- Do I need to stay here?
• Is Jack to make a speech during the meeting?- Should Jack be speaking at the meeting?
• When are you to go to the university?- When are you going to go to university?
• Why were they to stay here?- Why did they have to stay here?

Features of use

To be to / To be going to

Modal design to be to in the meaning of intention, plans, agreement can be freely replaced with the construction to be going to (going to do something), since in this case to be to - this is short for to be going to.

• This year we are to go to Spain for a scientific conference.
• This year we are going to visit Spain for a scientific conference.- This year we are going to Spain for a scientific conference.

• The presidents are to meet in London.
• The presidents are going to meet in London.- The presidents are going to meet in London.

• He was to make a speech at the meeting.
• He was going to make a speech at the meeting.“He was going to speak at the meeting.

Action that was not taken

Past form of construction to be to with a perfect infinitive indicates a planned action that was not performed.

• I was to have met my friends at the station but I forgot about that.- I was supposed to meet my friends at the station, but I forgot about it.
• He was to have made a speech but he didn’t even come to the meeting.“He was going to speak at the meeting, but he didn't even come to it.
• Matt and Andrew were to have fixed our printer.“Matt and Andrew had to fix our printer. (but they didn't)

We are to work on this project we should start right now. - If we want to work on this project, we need to start it now.

If you are to go abroad you should get a visa.- If you are going abroad, you must get a visa.

• If you are not to go abroad you don "t need an international passport.- If you are not going abroad, you do not need a passport.
• Let me know if you are not to come to the party.- Let me know if you are not going to come to the party.

If .. were to

To be to past tense were to(for all persons) in conditional sentences with if indicates an unwanted, unacceptable action that is unlikely to happen. In sentences expressing the present or future tense, the construction were to used with a simple infinitive of a semantic verb. To indicate a condition in the past tense after were to the perfect verb infinitive is used (have + verb in 3rd form).

• If I were to fail my examination tomorrow, I would be excluded from my university.- If tomorrow I suddenly fail my exams, I will be kicked out of the university. (I definitely won't fail my exams)
• If she were to be my girlfriend, we would argue every day.- If she were my girlfriend, we would fight with her every day. (she's not my girlfriend and is unlikely to ever be)

• If I were to have failed my examination last year, I would have been excluded from my university.- If I suddenly failed my exams last year, I would be kicked out of the university. (I definitely wouldn't fail my exams)
• If she were to have married Jack, she would have suffered a lot.- If she (then) married Jack, she would suffer a lot. (she did not marry Jack and would hardly ever marry)

To be to in newspaper headlines

Design to be to often used in articles and newspapers. Sometimes newspaper headlines use an abbreviated version without a verb. be to save space and grab the reader's attention.

• The presidents are to meet in London.- The presidents are going to meet in London.
• The presidents to meet in London.- The presidents will meet in London.

• The king is to visit Spain.- The king will visit Spain.
• The king to visit Spain.- The king will visit Spain.

When it comes to learning any language and breaking down the language barrier, polyglots always highlight the knowledge of verbs. And after all, it's true: knowing the verbs and being able to use them in various forms, you just need to "string" other words on them and you will already have whole sentences. In this situation, it is not surprising that most of the standard vocabulary of a native speaker of both Russian, and English, and Chinese, and another arbitrarily chosen language is precisely this part of speech. But wait, that doesn't mean you have to start randomly memorizing any verbs that catch your eye right away. If there is any sense from this, it will be very small. Instead, it is better to parse in detail those English verbs that are often and actively used in speech. This is exactly what we will do by studying the verb to be in English.

The verb to be, which is equivalent to the Russian “to be”, “to be”, “to be”, is one of the most universal and most used verbs in the English language. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that, unlike other representatives of this part, the verb to be is conjugated, changing in persons and numbers.

In addition, to be can be used as a semantic verb or help with another verb, acting as an auxiliary. But let's talk about everything in order.

The verb to be refers to irregular verbs, so it has 3 shapes. These forms are formed independently, without explaining the rules, so they just need to be memorized:

The verb to be in Past Simple or simple past tense is reduced to two in the number of its forms. Their use again depends on the person and the number:

This, however, was not always the case. Previously, for the first person pronouns (I / we), the future tense form shall be was used. Now you can meet it very rarely, so you just need to know about its existence. In all cases, use the will form.

Please note that the rest of the verbs in English are not conjugated. The fact is that there are no conjugations in this language at all, which greatly facilitates the English grammar. The verb to be is an exception to the rule.

Above were presented the forms of this verb in times Simple... All tense forms of the verb to be can be expressed in the following table:

	Simple (Simple)	Continuous	Perfect (Perfect)
Past (Past)	was / were	was / were being	had been
Present (The present)	am / is / are	am / is / are being	have / has been
Future (Future)	will be	will be being	will have been

The verb to be may not be used in all tenses. So, in Perfect Continuous (perfect long) the verb to be is not used. It can also be noted that the tenses continuous with the verb to be are not very rare friends. The use of the verb in long forms is possible only in certain situations.

The verb to be in English: sentence forms

Affirmative form

The affirmative form of a sentence with the verb to be is built in a standard scheme: first comes the subject, after which the verb to be in the desired form in the role of the predicate. Examine the table:

negative form

Negative forms of sentences with this verb are formed by adding the negative particle not after to be. No auxiliary verbs are required to apply the form:

In both affirmative and negative sentences, the verb to be can be abbreviated:

There are no abbreviated forms for the past tense in the statement.

I am not, unlike other verbs, is abbreviated as I’m not. I amn't is only used in Scotland and Ireland.

Interrogative form

The English interrogative form depends on the type of question:

• In general or alternative questions, the verb be in the required conjugation is placed before the subject. Tables for clarity :

The answer uses only the verb to be:

The answer uses an affirmative sentence:

If you want to use the future form of the verb, then will must be brought forward, while be remains in the same place:

• In special questions, an interrogative English word is added to the form above:

The answer is used in the affirmative:

In the answer, it is enough to use the verb to be:

• As part of a nominal predicate, which consists of a linking verb (to be) and a nominal part expressed by nouns or adjectives. In this case, the verb is translated into Russian with the meaning “is”.

Though " there is»Can be used, his presence will seem inappropriate, and the proposal will turn out to be somehow ugly. Judge for yourself:

The Russian language does not need this verb, therefore it is usually not used. The English language will not allow this, because the peculiarity of English sentences is that they are strictly ordered. In simple language, if, for example, you make up a complete affirmative sentence, then the subject and the verb must be used consistently in it, nothing else. In some way, a similar role to be can be associated with the outdated "am", which previously performed exactly the same function in the Russian language.

The verb to be in a nominal predicate can also be used to mean “be” in imperative sentences:

1. As an auxiliary in Continuous and Perfect Continuous. In this case, the auxiliary verb to be is used with semantic verbs. The verb to be itself is usually not translated in such sentences. Study the examples in the table:

The verb to be can also be used to use the suffering voice:

1. In addition to the functions mentioned, the verb to be is also used as an integral part in constructions:

• to be going to (to gather);

• there is / are / (is / exists);

1. The use of the verb is also possible as a modal verb in the meaning of "must", "agreed", "agreed" when it comes to obligations, orders, schedules and plans, the inevitability of events. In this case, to verb the to particle is added:

1. And also when using the verb to be in English in the following constructions:

to be good at (understand well)	We are good at this English grammar rule.	We are fluent in this rule of English grammar.
to be aware of (be aware)	We’re aware of all possible risks.	We are aware of all the possible risks.
to be late (be late)	My co-worker was late for work because of the traffic jam.	A colleague of mine was late for work due to a traffic jam.
to be fond of	I'm fond of nature.	I love nature.
to be interested in (to be interested)	They are interested in helping people.	They are interested in helping people.
to be sorry about (regret something)	I’m sorry about what happened.	I'm sorry about what happened.
to be sorry for (feel sorry for someone)	We are so sorry for your son.	We are very sorry for your son.
to be hungry (be hungry)	I am so hungry! I haven’t eaten since morning.	I'm so hungry! I haven't eaten since morning.
to be thirsty (to be thirsty)	After the marathon everyone was thirsty.	After the marathon, everyone was thirsty.
be about to (going to)	Boris is about to start learning German and French languages.	Boris is going to start learning German and French.

1. Frequent uses of the verb are associated with idioms. Here are some of them:

be up to someone (depends on someone)	We can either win or lose. It's up to you!	We will either win or we will lose. Everything depends on you!
be a man (be a man)	Stop crying. Be a man!	Stop crying. Be a man!
be in love with (to be in love with)	I should admit that I’m in love with her! She is gorgeous!	I must admit that I am in love with her! She is gorgeous!
be as stubborn as a mule (analogue in Russian: stubborn as a donkey)	We can’t work together because he doesn’t want to listen to me. I say his approach is wrong but he is as stubborn as a mule.	We can't work together because he doesn't want to listen to me. I say that he has the wrong approach, but he is stubborn as an ass.
be (a bit) on the expensive side (expensive / expensive)	That service is a bit on the expensive side. Maybe, we try to fix it ourselves, huh?	This service is expensive. Maybe we can try to fix it ourselves, huh?
be on cloud nine (be very happy)	I am on cloud nine! She said yes to me! Can you believe it?	I am insanely happy! She told me yes! Can you believe it?

As you can see, the verb to be is very popular and diverse, so you can use it in any situation with almost any tense. Once you understand the conjugation of this verb and its role in the sentence, you shouldn't have any difficulty in using it. Take some time to practice English exercises on this topic to consolidate the material, create your own examples, and most importantly, practice the language with native speakers. Because no exercise will benefit as much as you can get from people who use the language on a daily basis and can help you with any language barriers.

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> When is the verb to be used?

When is the verb to be in English?

Here you can find out when to put the verb to be.

Before talking about when the verb to be is put, it is necessary to recall that this is a special verb of the English language.
First, it has different forms for different pronouns. In Time Present Indefinite am - for the pronoun I, is - for he, she, it, are - for we, you, they. In time, Past Indefinite was for singular pronouns, were for plural pronouns. Secondly, the verb to be, unlike other verbs, is used to compose interrogative and negative sentences.

These features of the verb to be should always be remembered. The verb to be occurs almost everywhere in English, and the most common cases are listed below.

1. Use of the verb to be as a linking verb.
In this sense, the verb to be is translated as to be, to be.

For instance.
He is an engineer - He is an engineer (he is an engineer).
Mary will be an economist next year - Mary will be a teacher next year.

If you pay attention, such sentences are translated into Russian without a verb. And since in English there can be no sentence without a verb, its function is performed by the verb to be, being a linking verb.

2. The use of the verb to be as a semantic verb.
In this sense, the verb to be is translated as be, be.

For instance.
He isn "t at the university - He is not at the university (he is not at the university).
I will be there at 6 o "clock - I'll be there at six o'clock.

In such sentences, when translated, the verb to be is also often not translated.

3. Use of the verb to be as an auxiliary verb.

a) At all times of the Continuous group.
I am calling him now - I'm calling him now.
My mother was cooking, when I came - My mother was cooking when I came.
I will be still sleeping at 3 o "clock - I will still be sleeping at 3 o'clock.

b) At all times of the Perfect Continuous group.
I have been waiting a long time for my sister - I've been waiting for my sister for a long time.
I had been sleeping for three hours when my mother came - I slept for three hours when my mother came.

C) In all tenses of the passive voice.
The car was bought yesterday - The car was bought yesterday.
We were invited to a party - We were invited to a party.

4. The use of the verb to be as a modal verb.
We are to do it at once - We must do this immediately.

5. The use of the verb to be in there is / there are.

The verb to be is part of a turnover.
There is a lamp in my room - There is a lamp in my room.