The habit of speaking correctly is formed in early childhood. A child who has been taught to speak clearly and beautifully will not experience problems in kindergarten, school, or in adulthood.
Unfortunately, not all children aged -4 years have good diction, but this is fixable. A speech therapist and home exercises can help parents to improve articulation. We will tell you about how to do articulatory gymnastics for children of early preschool age in this material.
About the method
The articulating set of exercises is a charge to strengthen the muscles of the speech apparatus. If they are weak, then the baby will have problems with pronunciation. As the lips, vocal cords, cheeks and neck, and the uvula are strengthened, it becomes easier for the child to pronounce various sounds and their combinations. And gradually, the correct pronunciation becomes habitual.
Gymnastics has a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose, that is, it helps to correct incorrect speech habits, and can also prevent the appearance of speech defects.
During the exercise, the blood circulation of the speech muscles improves, the increased muscle tone decreases, which prevents the baby from freely pronouncing certain sounds. In the course of performing static exercises, the child learns to establish the correct position of the speech apparatus, and dynamic tasks will help in mastering pronunciation.
To whom are classes shown and contraindicated?
Such speech gymnastics is certainly useful for all kids. At the age of 2-3 years, basic speech skills are formed, at the same time, alas, speech defects are also formed. It is reasonable to start classes at the age of three, and if the baby belongs to the early-speaking category, then at 2.5 years.
After three years, some deviations and anomalies in the pronunciation of sounds become apparent. So, at this age, stuttering is clearly manifested. Many children, due to weakness of the muscles of the speech apparatus at this age, "chew" half of the alphabet, which makes it difficult to understand what the child is saying. Stuttering and dysarthria may also occur.
Gymnastic articulation exercises will help in establishing diction, vocal power, pronunciation, increase speaking speed, and improve speech intelligibility.
However, there are situations and conditions in which it is temporarily or absolutely not worth doing this type of gymnastics.
Contraindications include congenital heart defects, if gymnastics is combined with respiratory, mental ailments, in which the child does not understand the "introductory" and does not know what they want from him.
Sick teeth or stomatitis are also temporary contraindications. Wounds, inflammation of the tongue, palate, inner surface of the cheeks, tonsillitis in full swing - all these are conditions in which articulatory gymnastics is not recommended.
General requirements
If a decision is made to do such gymnastics with the baby, remember that you need to start with easy tasks and gradually move on to more difficult ones.
The easiest and most accessible for beginners are static exercises, in which you need to keep the speech muscles in a given position. Do not rush with dynamic exercises. At the age of 2-4, these exercises are still considered quite difficult, but as the static group improves, dynamic tasks can be added.
It is important to conduct classes in a playful way, otherwise the baby will get bored very quickly and he will refuse to complete the tasks.
Systematicity is necessary - gymnastics should be done daily for quite a long time. You can conduct 3-4 lessons for 5 minutes a day. These "five minutes" will not let the child get tired and will be interesting.
Try to include 2-3 exercises in each task, no more. Be sure to repeat the tasks and techniques already learned earlier, and only one task during the lesson, choose a new one that is not yet familiar.
Gymnastics is carried out in a seated position. The child must learn to relax the neck and arms. It is best to practice in front of a mirror. In it, the child can see himself, his lips and facial expressions during pronunciation, as well as compare them with your facial expressions and the location of your lips and tongue.
Printed or drawn picture cards to illustrate some of the exercises are helpful. For example, for the exercise "Hedgehog" you need to have a picture with a bright and colorful cheerful hedgehog. This will give the child a better idea of the problem.
Do not offend the kid, do not criticize, do not scold him if something does not work out.
Resentment and grief will only strengthen muscle clamps, undermine his confidence in his strength, he will begin to give up classes. Mom's voice should be soft and quiet, not demanding.
For a specific child, an individual complex can be assigned, but among the basic tasks for children of the indicated age, the following can be noted:
- "Pipe". Ask the child to stretch out the lips with a tube forward and hold it that way for as long as possible. When the exercise becomes more complicated, you can ask the child to do something like "doo-douuuu".
- Kitten's Breakfast. Show your kid a picture of a kitten drinking milk from a bowl. Ask your toddler to open his mouth and demonstrate how the cats lap milk. Complicate the task by asking you to open your mouth wider, smile at the same time and stroke your palate while “lapping” your tongue.
- "Hedgehog". This is an active exercise. Show the kid the card with the hedgehog and read the rhyme: "It looks like a ball, dear, kind, glorious hedgehog." At the beginning of the verse, the child takes a breath, and at the end of the couplet, you need to actively exhale and, as you exhale, pronounce "puff-puff" as loudly as possible.
- "Gates". Mom reads: “We open the gates, we invite everyone to visit! ". The baby's task is to open his mouth wide, hold it in this state for 5-7 seconds and close it smoothly.
- "Balloons". Have your child inflate their cheeks like balloons. The task is to keep them in this position for as long as possible, and then sharply slap your palms on the cheeks, blow off the "balls".
- "Watch". Mom shows a card with a pendulum clock. Reads: “The clock is quiet, five minutes, seven minutes” (with these words, the child sticks out his tongue and tries to describe a circle with his tip in the air, like hour hands). Mom continues: “Well, the pendulum is a master, tick-tock, tick-tock! »(The child, after circular movements with the tip of the tongue, moves to moving the tip of the tongue to the right and left, like a pendulum).
"Puppy and Snake". Ask your child to show how a puppy breathes on a summer day - the tongue is flaccid, wide and spread over the lower lip. And then ask to show how the snake does it - the tongue becomes mobile and "sharp".
In case of defects in certain sounds, add exercises to improve the pronunciation of these "problem" sounds:
- "Zoo". Show the card with the tiger and ask the kid how the tiger growls - "Rrr". Show pictures of those animals in the name of which there is a sound that is difficult for the baby and ask to voice the name and show how the animal “speaks”:
Articulation gymnastics- this is a set of exercises, some of which help to improve the mobility of the organs of articulation, others - to increase the volume and strength of movements, and others develop the accuracy of the posture of the lips, tongue, necessary for pronouncing a particular sound.
Articulating exercises must be performed in front of a mirror. The child must see what the tongue is doing. Work with your child daily for 5-7 minutes.
Reasons for doing articulatory gymnastics
the ability to fix defects at the initial stage faster
elimination of the "porridge in the mouth" effect in children with correct but sluggish sound pronunciation;
the opportunity to teach a child to speak correctly, clearly and beautifully
"Window"
open your mouth wide - "hot"
close your mouth - "cold"
"We clean, teeth"
smile, open your mouth
with the tip of the tongue on the inside, "brush" alternately the lower and upper teeth
"Kneading the dough"
to smile
spank your tongue between your lips - "p-p-p-p-p-p ..."
bite the tip of the tongue with teeth (alternate these two movements)
"Cup"
to smile
open your mouth wide
stick out a wide tongue and give it a "cup" shape (ie slightly raise the tip of the tongue)
"Dudochka"
pull the lips forward with tension (teeth closed)
"Fence"
smile with tension showing closed teeth
"Painter"
lips in a smile
open your mouth
stroke ("paint") the palate with the tip of your tongue
"Mushroom"
To smile
click your tongue like you're riding a horse
touch a wide tongue to the palate
"Pussy"
lips in a smile, mouth open
the tip of the tongue rests on the lower teeth
bend the tongue with a slide resting the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth
"Let's catch the mouse"
lips in a smile
open your mouth
pronounce "ah" and bite the wide end of the tongue (caught the mouse by the tail)
"Horse"
stretch lips
open your mouth
to clatter with a "narrow" tongue (like horses clatter with their hooves)
"The steamer is humming"
lips in a smile
open your mouth
with tension, pronounce the long "s-s-s ..."
"The elephant is drinking"
stretching the lips forward with a tube, form an "elephant trunk"
"take some water", while smacking slightly
"Turkeys Chatting"
quickly move your tongue along the upper lip - "ba-ba-ba-ba ..."
"Nuts"
mouth closed
the tip of the tongue with tension alternately rests on the cheeks
hard balls - "nuts" are formed on the cheeks
"Swing"
to smile
open your mouth
tip of the tongue behind the upper teeth
tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth
"Watch"
smile, open your mouth
the tip of the tongue (like an hour hand) move from one corner of the mouth to another
"Pancake"
to smile
open your mouth
put a wide tongue on the lower lip
"Delicious jam"
to smile
open your mouth
lick the upper lip with a wide tongue in the form of a "cup"
"Ball"
puff out cheeks
blow out cheeks
"Harmonic"
to smile
make a "mushroom" (ie, suck a ball tongue to the palate)
without lifting your tongue, open and close your mouth (do not close your teeth)
"Drummer"
to smile
open your mouth
the tip of the tongue behind the upper teeth - "de-de-de ..."
"Parachute"
put a cotton ball on the tip of the nose
with a wide tongue in the shape of a "cup", pressed against the upper lip, blow off the cotton wool from the nose up
"Kick the ball into the goal"
"push out" a wide tongue between the lips (as if you are driving the ball into the goal)
blowing with the tongue clamped between the lips (do not puff out the cheeks)
It is necessary to conduct articulatory gymnastics in a playful way. Such exercises can be started from the age of 3 - the main thing is that the baby is interested. Together with articulatory gymnastics, it is necessary to develop phonemic hearing. The child should hear and not confuse sounds that are close in sound.
It is advisable to correct all sound defects in preschool age... The child should go to school with the correct pronunciation, as often incorrectly speaking children do a lot about
1. "Smile" ("fence")
Smile without straining so that the front upper and lower teeth are visible. Hold for 5-10 seconds. Make sure that when you smile, your lips do not tuck inward.
We join our teeth exactly
And we get the fence.
Now let's part our lips
Let's count our teeth.
2. "Tubule" ("proboscis")
Pull the closed lips forward. Keep them in this position for a count of 1 to 5-10.
I imitate an elephant
I pull my lips with my trunk.
3. "The house opens" ("hippo)
Smile slightly, slowly open your mouth, hold your mouth open for 5-10 seconds, slowly close. The tongue lies calmly behind the teeth.
Let's open our mouth wide
Like a hungry hippo
4. "Curious tongue"
Smile, open your mouth slightly and move your tongue back and forth. Put a wide tongue on the lower lip - remove. The mouth remains open all the time. Do the exercise 8-10 times.
Curious tongue
Looked out the window:
Maybe the rain is over
And the sun came out.
5. "The tongue greets the chin"
Smile, open your mouth and stretch your wide tongue down to your chin. Repeat the exercise 5-10 times.
6. "The tongue greets the upper lip"
Smile slightly, open your mouth, put the wide edge of your tongue on your upper lip. In the future, you can alternate exercises 5-6: "swing".
I swing on a swing:
Up and down, up and down.
I rise high
I go down again.
7. "Monkey"
Open your mouth slightly and place your tongue between your lower lip and lower teeth. At the same time, the lips are drawn together. Hold in this position for 5 seconds
The monkey makes faces.
Who does she look like?
8. "Bulldog"
From the "monkey" position, translate the tongue into a position between the upper lip and upper teeth. The lips are drawn together. Hold for 5 seconds.
There is a bulldog, there is a bulldog,
The bulldog is ringing with medals.
His medals shine.
For what they were only given ...
9. "Hamster"
The mouth is closed. The tongue alternately rests on the right and left cheeks, remaining in each position for 3-5 seconds.
The hamster will puff out his cheeks
He has grain in sacks.
10. "Circle". "Football"
The mouth is closed. The tongue moves from the inside, smoothly outlining a circle with the tip of the tongue ("bulldog" - right cheek - "monkey" - left cheek, etc., then in the opposite direction). Perform 5-6 circles in each direction.
People crowd in the yard,
There is a football match going on there.
And our goalkeeper, Genka Spitsyn,
Must not miss the ball.
11. "Kneading the dough"
Smile, open your mouth, calmly put your tongue on your lower lip, slap it with your lips, say: Fifth-five-five-five .. "Slowly move your tongue back and forth. Dough mnem, mnem, mnem,
We press the dough, we press, we press,
After we take the rolling pin,
Roll out the dough thinly,
We will bake the cake.
12. "We brush our teeth outside"
Smile, open your mouth, show your teeth and hold a wide tongue on the outside of the upper teeth, imitating the brushing movements of a toothbrush. We also “clean the lower teeth. Perform each exercise 3-5 times.
Am brushing my teeth,
Am brushing my teeth
And outside,
And inside.
Didn't hurt
Did not darken
Did not turn yellow
so they.
13. "Bite the tongue" ("Knead the dough")
Smile, open your mouth, bite the tip of your tongue. You can complicate the exercise by simultaneously biting your tongue and moving it back and forth.
Dough mnem, mnem, mnem,
We press the dough, we press, we press,
After we take the rolling pin,
Roll out the dough thinly,
We will bake the cake.
14. "Spatula". "Pancake"
Smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. Hold in this position for a count from 1 to 5-10.
We baked a little pancakes,
Chilled on the window
We will eat them with sour cream,
Let's invite mom to dinner.
15. "Blowing on a pancake"
Bring your tongue to the "pancake" position and blow into a small bottle, on a spinner or a piece of cotton wool It should be done after the "pancake" has turned out
We baked a little pancakes,
Chilled on the window
We will eat them with sour cream,
Let's invite mom to dinner.
16. "Hill" ("bridge")
Open your mouth wide. Lower the wide tongue behind the lower teeth, rest against them with the tongue. Press the lateral edges firmly against the upper molars.
That's a slide, what a miracle!
The tongue bent out resiliently:
The tip rests on the teeth,
The sides rise upward.
17. "The breeze blows down the hill"
Put the tongue in the "slide" position, and then calmly and smoothly blow in the middle of the tongue. The air must be cold.
That's a slide, what a miracle!
The tongue bent out resiliently:
The tip rests on the teeth,
The sides rise upward.
18. "We clean the lower teeth" (from the inside)
Smile, show your teeth, cover your mouth and use the tip of your tongue to "brush" your lower teeth from the inside. Moving the tongue from side to side, make sure it is against the gums.
Am brushing my teeth,
Am brushing my teeth
And outside,
And inside.
Didn't hurt
Did not darken
Do not turn yellow so that they.
19. "The pussy is angry"
Smile, open your mouth. The tip of the tongue rests against the lower teeth from the inside ("slide"). "Roll out" a wide tongue forward and take it deep into the mouth (rock the slide). Repeat the exercise 8-10 times at a calm pace.
Look out the window
You will see a cat there.
The cat arched its back,
She hissed and jumped.
Pussy got angry -
Don't get close!
20. "Pussy is angry2"
Smile, open your mouth. The tip of the tongue rests against the lower teeth from the inside ("slide"). Pull the tongue out to the coil position and bite the coiled tongue. Perform 10-15 times.
Look out the window
You will see a cat there.
The cat arched its back,
She hissed and jumped.
Pussy got angry -
Don't get close!
21. "Cup"
Smile, open your mouth and set your tongue at the top in the shape of a cup.
Put your tongue wide
Raise the edges.
It turned out to be a cup
Round cup
22. "Delicious Jam"
Smile, open your mouth and lick your upper lip with your tongue in the shape of a "cup". Movements are directed from top to bottom. You can continue to move and put your tongue into your mouth without destroying the "cups".
Oh, and delicious jam!
Sorry, left on the lip.
I will raise my tongue
And I'll lick the rest.
23. "Steps"
alternation: "cup" on the upper lip, "cup" on the upper teeth, "cup" inside the mouth behind the teeth. In each pose, we hold our tongue for 3-5 seconds.
We walked up the stairs
Up and down, up and down.
We wandered very merrily,
Up and down, up and down.
We walked like this all day
Up and down, up and down.
And not a bit tired
Up and down, up and down.
24. "Focus"
Raise your tongue to the "cup" position and gently blow on the tip of the nose. You can put a piece of cotton wool on the tip of your nose. During the blowing, it will fly straight up. He made a scary face
Then he covered the egg with a handkerchief ...
Then (hulalu-shimbai!) He brushed off his handkerchief, oops!
And now the chicken is on the table!
25. "Don't break a cup"
Give the tongue the shape of a "cup" and move it back and forth, keeping the shape of the "cup" Hold the tongue in each phase for 3-5 seconds.
Put your tongue wide
Raise the edges.
It turned out to be a cup
Round cup
26. "Brushing the upper teeth" (from the inside)
Smile, open your mouth and use a wide tongue to "brush" your upper teeth from the inside, making a side-to-side movement. The tip of the tongue moves at the upper alveoli.
Am brushing my teeth,
Am brushing my teeth
And outside,
And inside.
Didn't hurt
Did not darken
Do not turn yellow so that they.
27. "Painter"
Smile, open your mouth and “paint” the hard palate (“ceiling”) with the tip of your tongue, making movements with your tongue back and forth, stroking the palate.
We have been working since the morning
It's time to paint the ceiling
Lower your jaw below
Raise your tongue to the palate.
Move back and forth -
Our painter is happy to work.
28. "Drummer"
Smile, open your mouth, put the tongue behind the upper teeth, loudly, distinctly, repeat repeatedly: "D-D-D ...". Gradually accelerate the pace, do not bring the teeth together. Then add movement with a cotton swab, ball probe or finger across the tongue - we get a sound that vaguely resembles R.
The drummer is very busy
The drummer is drumming
D-d, d-d-d!
29. "Horse"
Smile, open your mouth wide, flick the tip of your tongue at the top. Accelerating the pace. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move.
We're riding, we're riding a horse,
Along the path, smooth, smooth.
30. "Fungus"
Smile, suck your tongue to the palate so that the hyoid ligament is stretched ("mushroom leg"). Hold the tongue in this position for 5-10 minutes. If you cannot do this, then return to the exercise "horse".
I stand on a thin leg
I stand on a smooth leg,
Under the brown hat
With velvet lining
31. "Accordion"
You can perform this exercise after you manage to keep the tongue in the "fungus" position. In the "fungus" position, open and close your mouth (like the bellows of an accordion stretch).
I play the accordion
I open my mouth wider
I will press my tongue to the sky,
I'll take my jaw below.
32. "Kucher"
Close your lips and blow hard through them. The lips vibrate and the characteristic sound "whoa" is heard. Option: put a wide edge of the tongue between the lips and blow. The tongue will vibrate with the lips.
On a path, blacker than a cloud,
An old coachman is riding in a chaise.
They drag the chaise, even though you cry,
A pair of skinny, black nags.
33. "Needle"
Open your mouth, stick your tongue out as far as possible, strain it, make it narrow and hold it in this position for a count of 10.
I turn my tongue into a needle
I strain and constrict.
I will pull the sharp tip,
One, two, three, four, five!
I can hold the needle.
34. "Watch"
Pull the tongue out of the mouth into the “needle” position and move it from side to side with a large amplitude. Repeat 10-15 times. The lower jaw does not move with the tongue! The tongue does not touch the lower lip.
Tick-tock, tick-tock -
The clock goes like this.
Day and night they do not sleep
Everybody knocks, knocks, knocks
35. "Turkey" ("talker")
Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue on the upper lip and make quick movements with the tip of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to pull the tongue off the upper lip. Then turn on the voice. You will get a funny "talker" (a sound similar to "bl-bl ..."
I am a turkey "baldy-balda"
Run in all directions.
36. "Swing"
Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue behind your lower teeth (from the inside) and hold in this position for 3-5 seconds. Then lift the wide tongue by the upper teeth (from the inside) and hold for 3 seconds. So alternately change the position of the tongue 5-6 times "swing the tongue". This exercise is useful when working on sibilant and sibilant sounds.
I swing on a swing:
Up and down, up and down.
I rise high
I go down again.
37. "Steamer"
Smile, put your tongue between your teeth, bite it and sing: "YYYYY". The result is a sound very similar to L. Don't show the sample!
A locomotive without wheels!
What a wonderful locomotive!
Has he lost his mind -
I went straight by the sea.
(steamer)
38. "Comb"
Smile, bite your tongue with your teeth, "drag" your tongue back and forth between your teeth, as if combing it.
I am friends with hair
I am putting them in order.
I am grateful for my hairstyle.
And my name is ... (comb)
39. "Sail"
Smile, open your mouth wide, put the tip of your tongue on the alveoli, hold up to 8-10. Repeat 2-3 times.
Sailing boat
Floats down the river
For a boat ride
The kids are lucky.
40. "Komarik"
Smile, open your mouth wide, put the tip of your tongue on the alveoli, try to pronounce "dzzzz", but not abruptly, but protractedly, for 10-15 seconds.
Arrives at night
He does not let us fall asleep:
Evil rings, hovers over the ear,
Only in the hands is not given.
41. "Start the engine"
Smile, open your mouth wide, raise your tongue up, forcefully hit your tongue on the alveoli and say "melon-melon-melon", repeat for 10-15 seconds.
The car rushes along the highway
Growls in all directions,
A dashing chauffeur is driving
"Dyn-dyn-dyn" - the engine hums.
Used Books:
Kosinova E.M. Correct speech lessons. - M .: LIBRARY Ilya Reznik: Eksmo, 2004. - 64p.
Krause E.N. Speech therapy massage and articulatory gymnastics: A Practical Guide. - SPb .: KORONA print, 2004 .-- 80s.
V. N. Kostygina Tru-la-la. Articulatory gymnastics. 24 years. - M .: Karapuz, 2006 .-- 20 p.
Buyko V. Wonderful training. Speech motor skills, speech breathing, diction. - Yekaterinburg: Litur, 2005 .-- 30s.
Game "Home speech therapist" (ed. New disc)
Articulation gymnastics is a set of special exercises for the development of speech organs, which is usually carried out by a speech therapist. However, since the teacher is also faced with the task of developing the speech of children, he should use these exercises in his classes. In addition, the teacher communicates and works with children longer than a speech therapist, he has more temporary opportunities to make each child's speech clean (without disturbing sound pronunciation) and understandable to others.
The goals and objectives of the educator when conducting articulatory gymnastics
Articulatory gymnastics is a system of exercises that helps to improve the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, to increase the volume, strength of movements, as well as to develop the accuracy and differentiation of articulatory postures (articulation).
It is important. The main goal of gymnastics is to develop high-quality movements of the organs of articulation and accurate, correct pronunciation of speech sounds.
Based on the tasks focused on various organs of articulation, a number of gymnastics tasks can be distinguished.
Table: tasks of articulatory gymnastics
| Organ of articulation | Gymnastics tasks |
| Lips | Strengthen the muscles of the lips, develop their mobility, learn to hold the lips in a given position. |
| Language | Strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop its mobility, help stretch the hyoid ligament (frenulum), strengthen the tip of the tongue, learn to keep the tongue wide ("spatula"), narrow ("needle"), in the shape of a "cup", etc. |
| Cheeks | Strengthen the muscles of the cheeks, develop coordination of movements and the ability to switch. |
| Lower jaw | Develop the mobility of the lower jaw. |
| Soft sky | To learn to control the raising and lowering of the soft palate, to develop the mobility of the soft palate, the strength of the palatine-pharyngeal seal. |
All of these organs of articulation are active, playing a decisive role in the formation of sounds. They act as a resonator that gives strength and color to the sound. The purity and accuracy of pronunciation of both one sound (phoneme) and words in general depends on their mobility.
The teacher, as a rule, conducts group articulatory gymnastics, but he must take into account the individual characteristics of children and offer additional exercises to those who have a large number of disturbed sounds in speech (dyslalia) or fuzzy pronunciation (erased dysarthria). Also, you cannot exempt children from gymnastics, who, according to the educator, speak clearly and correctly, it is better to ask them to perform more complex exercises, to praise and set an example to other children.
Articulatory gymnastics contributes to the formation of correct speech
Articulation gymnastics will be most effective if you start with early age(1-3 years old). At this age, children learn to pronounce the sounds of their native speech, and articulatory gymnastics will help them learn to pronounce some phonemes correctly.
If a child has a delay in the development of speech (after 3 years), gymnastics will be an excellent assistant in rehabilitation. When stuttering, you can use gymnastics to relax the facial and articulatory muscles. When carrying out various exercises, you can notice the child's difficulties in performing certain tasks and contact a specialist in time. Thus, articulatory gymnastics can perform various functions depending on the age of the children:
- preventive;
- correctional;
- diagnostic.
The sooner measures are taken to correct sound pronunciation, the less time it will take to achieve the result - the formation of a clean and correct speech of the child.
Articulatory gymnastics technique
Articulation gymnastics can be performed in groups, micro-groups or individually. In a group form, gymnastics can be done in the morning after exercise, before breakfast. In micro-groups and individually, it is usually conducted by a speech therapist or parents. Articulation exercises are:
- static - necessary for the formation of an articulatory structure;
- dynamic - important for the accuracy of switching the articulatory posture in the flow of speech.
The choice of exercise depends on what you want to teach the children. The teacher can draw up a set of exercises based on the advice of a speech therapist in order to take into account the individual characteristics of children, work on their disturbed sounds, participate in the automation of sounds and the correction of fuzzy articulation. The methodology for conducting gymnastics includes acquainting children with instructions for performing each exercise, a sample and independent execution.
Basic rules for conducting articulatory gymnastics:
- duration depends on age, but should not exceed 10 minutes;
- during gymnastics, it is imperative to use a mirror so that the child can see his organs of articulation;
- gymnastics should take place in a playful way;
- the complex should include at least 4-5 exercises, but you do not need to overwork the children with a large number of tasks;
- if children find it difficult to perform any exercise, do not force them, use probes or teaspoons;
- always monitor the correctness and smoothness of the exercise, remember that quality is more important than quantity.
When performing articulatory gymnastics, you must use a mirror
It is advisable to perform articulatory gymnastics 2 times a day, for example, in the morning, after exercise, and in the evening... She needs to be engaged regularly: if the child did not go to kindergarten, the parents should do gymnastics with him (if he is not sick).
The requirements for children depend on the age group:
- the youngest - for the guys it is enough to remember the basic exercises and learn how to perform them;
- medium - when performing exercises, the tongue does not tremble, the movements are clearer;
- senior and preparatory - exercises are performed confidently and quickly, children do well with static tasks.
For gymnastics in the younger group, the teacher needs to prepare visual material and didactic games because it is very difficult for such children to perform gymnastics: the muscles of the articulatory apparatus are still weak and inactive, movements are poorly controlled, static exercises cause unpleasant or even painful sensations. Gymnastics in the younger group lasts no more than 5 minutes, includes 4-5 exercises, each of which is repeated 2-3 times. Children should perform static exercises for 2-3 seconds.
Exercise card file - table
| Exercise name | Exercise Description | Poem for the exercise |
| Smile | Smile without straining so that the front upper and lower teeth are visible. Keep the muscles of the lips in this position by counting from 1 to 5-10. | Shiroka Neva-river And the smile is wide. All my teeth are visible - From the edges to the gums. |
| Proboscis | Pull the closed lips forward with a "tube". Keep them in this position for a count of 1 to 5-10. | I'll cover my mouth a little Lips - "trunk" forward. I pull them far As with a long sound "oo-oo-oo". |
| The house opens | Smile slightly, slowly open your mouth (as for singing the sound "a": "ah-ah"), hold your mouth open for 5-10 seconds, slowly close. | The mouth is wide open The tongue is sleeping peacefully. |
| Curious tongue | Smile, open your mouth slightly and move your tongue back and forth. We put the tongue on the lower lip, then put it into the mouth. The mouth remains open. The exercise is performed 8-10 times. | So I went out on the threshold Curious tongue. "What is he bouncing back and forth?" - The people are surprised. |
| Frog | The child lowers the lower lip, exposing the lower teeth, and returns it to its place. The exercise is performed up to 10 times. | Below the lower lip I will omit it as I can. |
| Bunny | The child lifts the upper lip, exposing the upper teeth, and lowering it back. The exercise is performed up to 10 times. | Lifting the upper sponge, Measured the bunny, clenching its teeth. |
| Slide | Smile, open your mouth, put the tip of your tongue behind your lower teeth, set your wide tongue with a "slide". Hold in this position at a count from 1 to 5-10. | I smile, my mouth is open - There the tongue lies curled up. Burying my lower teeth, He will depict a hill for us. |
| Window | The teeth are almost closed. The lips assume the position of a window. Hold them in this position for 5-10 seconds. | I'll cover my mouth a little, I will make my lips a "window". The teeth stand side by side And they look out the window. |
| Monkey | Open your mouth slightly and place your tongue between your lower lip and lower teeth. Hold it in this position for at least 5 seconds. | A tongue is laid behind the lower lip - A monkey double looks out of the mirror. |
| Cup | Smile, open your mouth and set your tongue at the top in the shape of a cup. | I smile, my mouth is open: The language is already there. The edges are raised to the teeth - Here is my "cup". |
| Delicious jam | Smile, open your mouth and lick your lip with your tongue in the shape of a cup, making a movement from top to bottom. You can continue to move and put your tongue into your mouth without destroying the "cup". | As if jam lies on the lip, I lick it with a "cup" in my mouth. |
| Bite the tongue | Smile, open your mouth and bite your tongue. You can bite the tip or the middle of your tongue. Or bite your tongue, moving it gradually back and forth. During the exercise, say: "ta-ta-ta". | Put your tongue out, So that I'm not used to being lazy. And from tip to root I bite faster. |
| Spatula | Smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. Keep it in this position for a count of 1 to 5-10. | I lay across a smile - The uvula rests. |
Examples of class abstracts
A good example of articulatory gymnastics is performing exercises with a poem. Children, being engaged in theatricalization of actions, pay less attention to the difficulty of performing any exercises and unpleasant sensations. In addition, if something does not work out for preschoolers, they do not show negativity in relation to the task or the teacher.
Table: a fragment of S.V. Brunetkina "Cat Ginger in kindergarten"
| The text of the poem | Children's actions |
| Kitty Ginger began to get bored - There is no one to play with at home. | They yawn. |
| To find friends for yourself, We must go to kindergarten! | They smile. |
| Ginger combed his paws, | They drag their tongue between teeth back and forth. |
| I licked them with my tongue, | Lick your mouth clockwise arrow. |
| Left-right stretched | Stick out their tongue then right then left. |
| And, of course, he smiled. | They smile. |
| Meow! Meow! Kids! Have fun with all the heart! | Clap their hands. |
| We'll get it from the top shelf Our cheerful, sonorous ball. | Pull the tip of the tongue up to the nose. |
| Let's roll the ball across the field | Close the mouth, the tip of the tongue with stress against one side, then the other cheek so that under the cheek "balls" were inflated. |
| And then we'll rush at a gallop! | Fast tip movements tongue up and down. |
| Round hoop we'll take And we will begin to twist it. | Round the mouth like pronouncing the letter "o". |
| Now, my guys, Let's play hide and seek with you! | Stick out their tongue, then quickly hide it behind their teeth repeatedly. |
| Ryzhik played all day Only in the evening I was tired. | Children stretch. |
| At home on the crib The kitten sleeps sweetly. | Children lay their heads on folded palms. |
Another example of gymnastics is the tale of the Merry Tongue. For children 3-4 years old, it is recommended to use just such tasks.
Table: a fragment of O.N. Ponurovskaya "The Tale of the Funny Tongue"
| Text | Children's actions |
| Once upon a time there was a Merry Tongue in his house. Guess what this house is. In this house Red doors Next to the doors White beasts. Love animals Sweets and buns. Have you guessed? This house is a mouth. The doors to the house are opening and closing. Restless Tongue does not sit still. He often runs out of the house. So he went out to bask in the sun, relax on the porch. | 1. Open, close your mouth. 2. Stick out your tongue. 3. "Spatula" on the lower lip. |
| A light breeze blew, Tongue shivered, hid in the house and closed the door behind him. And in the yard the sun hid behind the clouds and the rain drummed on the roof. | 1. "Needle". 2. Uvula in mouth, mouth closed. 3. The tongue knocks on the teeth with the sound "d-d-d-d". |
| The tongue did not get bored at home, he gave the kitten milk. He lapped the milk, then the kitten licked its lips and yawned sweetly. | 1. Simulates lapping milk. 2. "Delicious jam", mouth open. 3. The mouth is wide open. |
| The tongue looked at the clock, it was ticking: "tick-tock". The kitten is curled up into a ball. “It's time for me to sleep too,” thought Tongue. | 1. "Watch". 2. Uvula in mouth, mouth closed. |
Visual material for work
For articulatory gymnastics, you can use many different pictures, toys, blocks, albums and other didactic material. Cubes for articulatory gymnastics can act as material for various games and tasks.
Articulatory Gymnastics Cubes
The teacher's ingenuity will help to find application for such cubes in any gymnastics. For example, each child can take a cube and do whatever exercises he likes. Using one cube, children in pairs can complete the tasks that are in front of them, then turn the cube over and do other exercises.
Photo gallery: block diagrams for articulatory gymnastics
The first cube shows exercises for developing the tip of the tongue and frenum. The second cube shows exercises for developing the root and tip of the tongue. The third cube contains 1 exercises for developing the tongue and lips.
Visual material can be selected for each exercise, focusing on its name (for example, "Proboscis", "Spatula", "Fence", etc.). In this case, the child should also see articulatory postures - examples of the task.
The use of visual material helps to interest the child when doing gymnastics
The most effective and modern didactic material is speech therapy toys for articulatory gymnastics. If this toy is speech therapy, this does not mean that the teacher cannot use it. The animal can be given a name and invited to classes. Children will be happy to listen to their favorite character. Such a toy will become a curious guest in the class, a friend and helper for every child. She will also perform both educational and educational functions.
The gymnastics toy can wiggle the tongue if you stick your fingers through it
What toy to buy is not important. You can even do it yourself. If children take part in its creation, they will be even more willing to work with it.
Moving its tongue, the toy shows the children what to do.
Start doing articulatory gymnastics with children from an early age, use interesting and varied ways to involve them in work: pictures, toys, cubes. Do not force preschoolers if something is not working out for them - help them. The listed exercises seem simple and fun to adults because we can easily complete any exercise, but for children it is a lot of work. Do not forget to do gymnastics every day, then the quantity will grow into quality, and the child will learn to do everything quickly and confidently. And well-performed articulatory gymnastics is the key to clean and correct speech.
Speech development is a complex and lengthy process in which disruptions are possible. Some of them arise due to a genetic predisposition or unsuccessful childbirth, while others are the result of psychological trauma or pathologies of the speech apparatus.
When problems arise, you do not need to panic; it is much more productive to seek help from a speech therapist. After the examination, the doctor will understand the nature of the deviations and take measures to correct them.
What is gymnastics for the tongue for?
Articulatory gymnastics is useful for all children. The purpose of a kind of physical education is to improve the mobility of the speech apparatus, the development of the correct posture of the lips and tongue for pure pronunciation of sounds. She will teach some children to speak correctly, while she will prepare others for a meeting with a speech therapist and more complex exercises. Charging complexes include three types of exercises: for the tongue, lips and cheeks.
Correct pronunciation plays a large role in mental and emotional development. Communication with peers is extremely important and can be complicated by problems with speech development. It is better to start working with a child before the age of 4. Of course, you can do the exercises later, but it will be more difficult to achieve the result.
If kids 2-3 years old with the help of gymnastics train and develop the speech apparatus, then older children correct the existing defects. Physical education of the language contributes to the rapid detection and correction of pronunciation problems.
Speech exercises take place in a playful way and are liked by kids. Simple exercises are easy to remember and do at home. They don't require a large number free time and special efforts from parents.
Indications for exercise for children 3-4 years old
Speech therapy exercises train the child's articulatory muscles and make them work actively and correctly. Articulation exercise and massage for the tongue are shown to children when they detect congenital or acquired speech defects, which occur for the following reasons:
In all these situations, speech gymnastics is combined with classes with a speech therapist. Constant observation and regular exercise and log massage helps to achieve positive results in a short time. The listed deviations are the main ones, but it is useful for absolutely all children to train articulatory muscles.
Symptoms of hypertonicity of articulatory muscles
Excessive muscle tension is called hypertonicity. Babies with this diagnosis are often irritable and stiff. They are unable to relax even when they fall asleep.
Outwardly, children with increased tone are given out pursed lips, sometimes because of this, folds can form. The tongue is pulled back and tense. At the same time, his back bends and presses against the sky, so sometimes it seems that the child is speaking through his nose. The hyperonus of the muscles does not allow the head to be fully rotated, the mouth wide open or held in this position. The upper lip is stretched and pressed against the gums or simply lifted.
Such a pathology is an indication for the appointment of a relaxing massage. The session begins with gentle sliding movements in the neck and shoulders. This helps to reduce tissue excitability and relieve hypertonicity of the root of the tongue.
The facial muscles are massaged with longitudinal and transverse stroking of the forehead, the area around the eyes, cheeks, the line from the earlobes to the nose. The lips are worked out separately, first with soft movements from the corners to the center, then with circular movements with light pressure.
Signs of decreased tone
Sometimes muscle tone is not increased, but rather below normal. Muscle hypotension occurs due to underdevelopment nervous system and is common in premature babies. Patients with reduced tone are too calm, they sleep well and practically do not cause problems for their parents, only such babies develop more slowly than their peers.
Hypotonicity is characterized by the following symptoms: sagging cheeks and facial contours, the lower lip turns inside out and practically rests on the chin, the tongue becomes flaccid and falls out of the mouth. The child is simply unable to keep his mouth shut.
In this case, the purpose of the massage is to activate the articulatory muscles. They begin to carry it out the same way from the neck and shoulders with soft, grasping movements. The procedure should touch and stimulate the muscles associated with the muscles of the tongue.
- Stroking movements of the forehead, the area above the eyes, and the chin are complemented by kneading the cheek and cheek muscles.
- The cheeks are massaged from both sides: from the inside and from the outside at the same time.
- The lips are stroked and pinched from the middle to the corners. Pressing movements should increase gradually, without causing discomfort and pain to the child.
Often there are patients with mixed tone, when the cheeks are relaxed, and the tongue tenses and presses against the palate, or vice versa - a flaccid tongue, when its tip cannot be distinguished, with good tone of the lips and cheeks. Such children receive a differentiated massage that combines both tactics.
What is needed to complete the complex?
Before prescribing speech therapy massage and articulatory gymnastics for a child, the doctor conducts a thorough diagnosis of the little patient. During the examination, the structure of the cervical and facial muscles, and the upper body is checked. An experienced specialist is able to identify even minor deviations in speech function.
There is no need to massage the tongue in the clinic, the mother can do it for the child on her own at home. First, you will need to thoroughly check the room in which you plan to carry out the procedure, wash and warm your hands.
The duration of the first sessions usually does not exceed 5 minutes and gradually, in 4 sessions, increases to 20. It should be remembered that the time of the procedure depends on the age and emotional state of the child.
You can learn massage techniques at a speech therapist appointment or by carefully studying the following video. Logomassage touches all the muscles of the speech apparatus, and special attention is paid to the language. It is not necessary to develop it using specialized devices. To strengthen the tip of your tongue, you can use handy items such as a spoon or a soft-bristled toothbrush (we recommend reading: How can you make your toothbrush softer?).
It is not difficult to massage the tip of the tongue. In addition to the brush, gauze pads are required, which are placed under the tongue. This is necessary to collect excess saliva, during massage it is produced more strongly. When making longitudinal, circular or transverse movements along the tongue, you do not need to press hard on the brush. Actions should not be painful or uncomfortable. In most cases, children like this process, even those who were at first wary of it.
Tongue charging technique
Articulation exercises strengthen and develop the speech apparatus. Not all sounds are amenable to three-year-old babies, but with regular exercise, their speech becomes clear.
The effect of speech therapy exercises will be noticeable only if:
- classes are held daily;
- exercises are performed in front of a mirror so that the child has the opportunity to check the correctness of the actions;
- more attention is paid not to the number of learned exercises, but to the quality of their performance;
- charging starts with simple complexes and gradually becomes more complicated;
- exercises are presented in a playful comic form, sometimes the child does not need to be told that he is doing the exercise at all, it is better to present everything in the form of a new game.
The kid must be prepared in advance for gymnastics by telling about the procedure; for clarity, you can use the pictures. This is followed by a demonstration of the exercises, the first attempts to perform them together with the child and adjustments.
At the initial stage, the difference in muscle tone of the articulatory apparatus is visible to the naked eye. Gradually, the differences are smoothed out, and the tone returns to normal.
Children may become over-stressed or nervous. It is necessary to relieve the emotional stress: stretch the shoulders, shake with them with your hands. To improve perception, many sets of exercises are supplemented with funny poems. This also helps to relieve stress and better memorize charging.
There are two types of exercise. The difference is that during static actions, the lips and tongue are fixed for a few seconds in a certain position, while dynamic ones make them move.
Purpose of massage
Logomassage has proven itself in the restoration of speech functions, and in some diseases, such as cerebral palsy, such procedures are required. In young patients with this diagnosis, muscle tone is impaired, which inevitably leads to speech defects. Massage helps to achieve:
It should be borne in mind that massage is strictly prohibited when:
- stomatitis;
- conjunctivitis and gingivitis;
- herpes lesions of the oral mucosa;
- enlarged lymph nodes.
For children with severe deviations in sound pronunciation, the addition of speech charging with speech therapy massage is simply necessary. Massage improves the general condition of the body, stimulates blood circulation and improves metabolism. After completing the full course, lymph exchange is restored, the contractile function of the muscles returns to normal.
Experts' opinions
Experts unanimously declare the benefits of speech development, even in the absence of obvious deviations, it is important to start working with the child as early as possible. Speech therapy massage improves blood circulation, increases muscle elasticity and is an excellent prevention of speech abnormalities.
In order for the baby to speak, it is necessary to stimulate him, talk to him more, and it is better to ask about something, forcing him to speak independently. Speech develops better in children with a broad outlook and those who are used to sculpting, drawing, designing, i.e. develop fine motor skills of the hands. Do not worry if at 1.5-2.5 years old the child does not want to talk, it goes away in kindergarten, but you need to consult a specialist with a three-year-old silent person to determine the cause of the problem.