The state of hearing in a newborn child worries all, without exception, parents. They are afraid of possible pathologies and the complexity of their treatment. But not everything is so hopeless. It is recommended that you first test the baby's hearing status. And this must be done as early as possible: when the first suspicions appear. Competent audiologists will analyze the development of feelings in the baby and prescribe a set of measures. Early diagnosis and treatment can solve the problem.
The baby is born with already developed hearing. While still in the womb, he begins to hear sounds from the outside world. The baby distinguishes voices and highlights the voice of the mother (he hears it most often the rest). Krokhotulya distinguishes the timbres of voices, but the meaning of the words is not clear to him. Some pediatricians believe that the baby is more to the liking of high notes. For proper development, talking to a child should start from birth.
Features of the reaction of the newborn in response to sounds
The baby hears everything, but reacts to sounds in different ways. Sharp and loud cause fear, the baby may even cry. And monotonous and quiet leaves without attention. In order for the baby to develop actively, from the first days of its appearance in the house, it is necessary to create a calm, comfortable atmosphere.
How is hearing tested in babies?
Hearing in infants is tested in the maternity hospital. On the 3-4th day, the procedure is performed in children born on time. In a premature baby, this process is delayed until the 7th day. The test results are recorded in the crumb card. Mommy can look at the records.
Audiometer
Audiometer - a device that allows you to determine whether the baby hears. The action is based on the principle of reflection of a sound wave from the eardrum.
It connects to the ear during rest or sleep. The sound reaches the eardrum and is reflected from it. This means that there are no barriers to wave penetration. The baby can pick up sounds.
The device is absolutely safe. The examination takes about 10 minutes. It is painless for the child.
The first test is carried out in the hospital. Premature babies and babies who are being treated in the intensive care unit, the procedure is postponed. Sometimes the device does not detect the passage of the wave. One of the reasons may be a large number of generic lubricant in the ear canal. In this case, the examination is repeated.
Moro reflex
The Moro reaction will help check the hearing. At a distance of 15-20 cm from the baby's head, you need to clap your hands. If the baby heard, then he:
- startle or freeze;
- change facial expressions
- blink;
- throw up arms and legs.
But you should not check the Moro reflex yourself: only the doctor knows with what force you should clap your hands so as not to scare the baby.
Kalmykova method
This test method is based on the fact that different objects make sounds of different strength. Plastic containers are filled 1/3 or ½ with cereals of various grinding:
- small (semolina or millet);
- medium (buckwheat-uncore or rice);
- large (whole peas or beans).
- One of the parents is playing with a bright toy with the child.
- The second - shakes a jar of small cereals on the side of the baby and watches his reaction.
- A break is made for 1-2 minutes.
- Then the procedure is repeated with a jar, where medium-sized cereals are poured.
- Break again for 1-2 minutes.
- Repeat the study with a jar containing large fractions.
If the child hears, he will respond to hearing. The manifestation of a reaction to 2-3 cans is considered the norm. If the baby did not hear the roar of a jar of large peas, you need to show it to the doctor.
The advantage of the method: parents can independently check the baby's hearing at home.
How to develop hearing?
The baby is born hearing. But hearing develops intensively throughout the first year of life. There are signs corresponding to the periods of the baby's life:
- reacts to loud sounds: moves arms and legs, shudders in a dream and wakes up, changes facial expressions (0-5 weeks);
- tries to detect the source of the sound with his eyes, turns the head in the direction where the sound comes from (up to 4 months);
- turns the head in the direction from which the sound is heard, listens to the sounds (up to 7 months);
- learns to find the source of sound when it is located on the right, left and bottom (up to 9 months);
- can find the sound source when it is located on the right, left, rear, bottom, top (up to 1 year).
Knowledge of the correspondence of skills to the stages of development will help to identify the deviation in time and compensate for it.
Baby ear care
It is recommended to look after the ears of the baby. It is necessary to clean the outer part of the auricle from dust and dirt, carefully clean out the leaked sulfur. But in no case should you put the turunda inside the ear canal: this can damage it.
When washing, you need to ensure that water does not get inside the ear. After finishing the procedure, gently blot the sink with a napkin.
Predisposing factors for hearing loss
Deafness is inherited. If one of the close relatives has such a pathology, it is recommended to immediately inform the doctor about it. These children are re-examined.
What other babies can develop the disease:
- small, when born having a weight of less than 2.5 kg;
- premature, born before the 37th week;
- having pathologies of the development of facial bones;
- taking antibiotics;
- who had intrauterine diseases (toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus).
Pediatricians observe children at risk with special attention.
Nature made sure that the newborn baby, when born, would not be worried because of the suddenly surging visions, images, hundreds of incomprehensible objects and millions of different colors and shades. Agree, it would be too much burden on a tiny organism. In the wild, cubs of all animals and birds are born blind and respond only to their mother's voice. People are no exception.
Hearing of a newborn
The ability to hear and see in children develops smoothly from the moment of birth, gradually opening up new facets of its visual and auditory capabilities. This is a very exciting and interesting process, especially for the parents of the crumbs. 
Did you know? Babies at birth hear and see 20 times worse than an adult. So the child's brain protects him from informational shock.
When you start to hear
- had rubella (probably the development of cataracts);
- suffered such diseases as toxocariasis, toxemia.
At home, the baby's vision is best checked after the 4th week, when he is able to hold his gaze on an object for 20-30 seconds. First, cover the right eye with your palm and show some bright rattle, and then do the same operation with the left eye. Important! After the child reaches 6 months of age, parents need to be seriously concerned if the symptoms of strabismus do not go away. If there is even the slightest reason to fear that the baby has vision problems, you need to urgently contact your family doctor and undergo an examination.
Development of visual function
It has been experimentally proven that classes with the development of vision are most effective in the period from 1 to 6 months. There are 3 great ways to develop and improve the visual function of your little miracle:
- Images. In the first 3 months, show your baby pictures with large black images. It could be pictures of animals. Hide the animal behind a white sheet of paper, then show it again. Hang the pictures above the crib and swap them periodically. The distance between the eyes and the pictures should be 40 cm. Closer to three months and older, you can add color pictures to your game.
- Flashlight. Try passing the yellow or red flashlight near the baby. Watch his reaction. He must learn to follow the subject of interest to him.
- Color games. Here, a mobile with multi-colored animals and insects of various shapes and sizes, which also make sounds, can come to the rescue. Hang it over your baby's bed and play with it as animals. must learn to look away from the crib. And also bright multi-colored rattles will help. Their task is to develop the color perception of the child's eyes.
Newborns do not see very well immediately after birth, but their hearing is well developed. While still in the womb, babies hear many different sounds: the beat of their mother's heart, the tone of her voice, noises from outside. They even react to many of the sounds of the world around them. For example, a baby in the tummy may startle at a sharp sound, and he also turns his head towards the noise.
Why test your child's hearing?
Hearing testing is very important. If the baby does not hear, he will not be able to absorb the information that comes from the outside world. Accordingly, speech will not be able to develop. Here it makes sense to talk about the neuroplasticity of the brain: if some part of the cerebral cortex (including the auditory cortex) does not receive information from the outside, it begins to perform the functions of those areas that are nearby. Over time, she loses the ability to distinguish sounds, that is, a person can hear, but not distinguish sounds.
Important: the critical age is 3 years. If, before this age, when a child’s hearing impairment is detected, parents do not begin auditory rehabilitation, then it will be almost impossible to teach him to distinguish sounds and understand speech in the future.
Stages of hearing development in children up to a year
At birth, the environment hits the newborn with many sounds. This activates his auditory functions. From now on, hearing will largely determine the development of the child's brain, stimulating such skills and abilities as sitting, crawling and turning over.
Hearing is finally formed in newborns by the end of the first month of life. You notice that the baby seems to be listening to your speech, freezes if he hears a familiar sound, some children may already respond to their own name or some of the most frequently repeated words. If a door slams loudly or something falls on the floor, the baby will startle.
At 3 months, the auditory center (and the speech center too) is already sufficiently “advanced” so that the newborn can respond to the mother’s voice and “answer” her with babble. However, do not rush to read something to the baby - he still cannot concentrate on your reading. Even the songs are not yet accessible to his understanding. This skill will appear in him not earlier than 5 months, or even six months.
At 5-6 months, babies react to the name, turn their head towards the source of the noise, listen to what adults are saying. Some sounds can frighten them enough to make them cry (for example, the raised voices of their parents), and babies will also laugh if they are played with.
From 6 months to 1 year old, toddlers who have no problems with hearing functions already react to noises of different intensity and volume, easily localizing them from the side and from below. They hear the voice calls of adults and respond to them. The feedback in this case is that they themselves begin to pronounce more and more words and accompany all this with gestures.
All of the above is the norm in the development of hearing in newborns. And what are the characteristics of children with a violation of this function?
Features of children with hearing impairment
Hearing-impaired newborns from the entire frequency range do not perceive the highest sounds well. Toddlers with this problem may well hear the low-pitched hum of an oncoming truck or the mid-range sound of a radio, but they won't hear birds chirping or leaves rustling. Parents should pay attention to how the newborn reacts (and reacts) to such high-pitched sounds.
By the way, adults themselves can check whether their child hears high-pitched sounds. For this purpose, you need to pour a little semolina into a plastic box and rattle it at the baby's head. If there is no reaction to such a “rattle”, then it is worth showing the newborn to the doctor.
Hearing impaired children do not hear high-pitched sounds - whispers, rustles, etc. Make noise at the crumbs ear with something that makes a rustling or rustling sound - the lack of reaction will indicate a problem
Which doctor should I contact?
To the audiologist. The fact is that in ordinary clinics, neither an otolaryngologist, nor a family doctor, nor a pediatrician has such conditions and there is no such equipment with which you can check the auditory functions of newborns. There are special conditions for hearing testing in regional children's hospitals and in some maternity hospitals. It is necessary to address in the specialized centers to the audiologist.
hearing problems
The problem of hearing loss of early and later age has always been under the close attention of doctors. Approximately 1-2% of newborns still in the hospital, doctors detect hearing loss. Although in the first year of life such a pathology certain features parents may notice.
Signs by which you can identify hearing loss in a newborn:
- Up to 4 months, the child does not pay attention to loud sounds.
- By 4-6 months there is no cooing.
- By 7-9, the baby cannot localize sounds.
- By the age of 1-2 he has no vocabulary.
- At a more adult (school, adolescence) age, children do not respond to whispered and colloquial speech that is addressed to them from the back, do not respond to their name, and ask to repeat the same words.
In total, experts distinguish 3 types of hearing loss in children:
- congenital
- hereditary,
- acquired.
In a newborn, it is important to identify hereditary and congenital hearing loss.
hereditary hearing loss can be suspected if a parent or one of them has a hearing loss problem.
congenital hearing loss neonatologists check in children at the maternity hospital. A negative or positive risk factor is identified. With a negative risk factor, babies will be tested more carefully on special equipment at a later age.
Acquired hearing loss can occur as a result of diseases of the ear, for example, otitis media, or as a complication after infections - measles, mumps, rubella and whooping cough. Sometimes sulfur plugs also provoke it. Nevertheless, doctors are trying to identify such children and provide them with qualified assistance for early dates diseases. In this they are helped by special equipment.
Otoacoustic emission (OAE) - a method for testing hearing in newborns up to a year
Features of hearing test for children under 1 year old
To check the auditory reactions of babies up to a year old, otoacoustic emission (OAE) is used. With the help of OAE, an acoustic response of the inner ear is obtained, reacting to an external stimulus signal.
This procedure takes approximately 5-10 minutes, provided that the child is sleeping or at rest. Otherwise, the check may take up to 2 hours. Such a study is absolutely safe and painless. A special apparatus is connected to a computer, on the screen of which all indicators for assessing the state of hearing are visible.
An earphone is inserted into the child's ear, and the device records how the child's ears pick up sound waves. After that, digital values are displayed on the computer screen. The doctor can print these data and paste them into the patient's card for further monitoring of the dynamics of the disease.
Toddlers who have a hearing problem need special attention and participation from their parents. The task of the latter is to do everything so that the child receives qualified assistance, and at the same time does not feel like an inferior member of society.
Attention to the child
Parental involvement and attention is the single most important step in identifying and treating hearing loss. When a problem appears, and it turns out that the newborn does not perceive certain frequencies well, then you should immediately go to a specialist. And the sooner you do this, the more likely it is that the problem will be solved by one of the modern methods available in medicine.
Hearing-impaired newborns require special attention. When a disappointing diagnosis is made, parents should encourage the use of various therapeutic methods and, if necessary, begin the use of a hearing aid. The main thing is to help the baby become a full-fledged member of society who hears, communicates and lives a full life.
Thanks to them, the space surrounding the baby is painted in bright colors, takes shape, is filled with sounds and smells. However, this does not happen right away...
By the time of birth child's vision and hearing not yet developed enough. This is due to the fact that the nerve centers of the brain, where the ends of all analyzers “close”, have not completed their formation. They improve as the baby grows (under the influence of environmental factors) and ensure its harmonious development.
Child's vision: 1 month of life
A newborn sees the world differently than adults. However, the assertion that the baby perceives everything upside down, scientists have long refuted. In the first 3–5 days after birth, the eyes of a newborn are not yet able to fully work: only the pupil reacts to changes in the lighting in the room.
By the end of the 1st week of life, the child begins to see blurry contours, flat figures and color spots. He still cannot focus and coordinate eye movements due to weakness of the eye muscles.
10-14 days after birth, the baby is already able to see an object that is slowly moving at a distance of 20-40 cm from his face. The pupils of the crumbs at the same time move spasmodically, as if with a delay.
By the 4th week of life, the baby can already hold a motionless object in the field of view for 5-10 seconds; most often it is the mother's face when she leans towards him.
Child's vision: 2 months of life
The child begins to develop object vision. The kid is already able to focus for a long time on the face of an adult or on a fixed object. He can look at a bright toy suspended at a distance of 40–50 cm above his chest for 20–25 s. By the end of the 2nd month, the movements of the eyeballs become smooth and coordinated. The child follows a moving toy for a long time, while turning his head. The visual system of the crumbs by this time allows him to perceive the volume, three-dimensionality of objects.
Baby's vision: 3 months
At 3 months, a child can fix attention on the object lying not only on the back, but also on the stomach, as well as in an upright position. The kid carefully peers into the faces of the people who surround him, trying to focus his gaze on the eyes of adults.
At about 3-4 months, the child begins distinguish primary colors- first yellow, then red, and finally green and blue. This order of color differentiation is due to the development of cones located in the retina of the eye and responsible for the perception of colors. The newborn has color vision, but it is poorly developed, and the whole visible world appears to him as a blurry picture, with merging colors.
In the first months of life, a child perceives a black and white image best of all.
Baby's vision: 4-5 months
The visual perception of the baby is gradually superimposed on his social behavior, shaping it. From the age of 4 months, the child begins to distinguish between relatives and strangers and reacts to them in different ways: he rejoices when he sees the face of a family member - and, conversely, becomes wary or cries when he looks at an unfamiliar adult.
By the end of the 4th month of life, the baby is able to distinguish between flat and voluminous objects. The child already almost accurately estimates the distance to the toy when reaching for it. He no longer tries to grab the drawn object or his shadow. The infant learns to look at objects and classify them as familiar or unfamiliar.
Baby's vision: 6 months
By 6 months, the child develops an acute detailed vision, therefore, during this period, the baby begins to pay special attention to small objects.
Starting from 6 months, the baby confidently distinguishes between loved ones and strangers. He is already aware that the reflection in the mirror is his own, and he smiles, recognizing himself.
Baby's vision: 7 months and beyond
At 7 months, a child can associate an object with its name. If you ask the baby: “Where is the dog (mother, pussy)?” - he will find the desired object or person with his eyes. After 7 months, the visual analyzer practically completes its formation. In the future, only visual acuity changes in a child: by the end of the first year of life, it is 1? /? 3 - 1? /? 2 of the adult norm and reaches 100?% by 3–4 years.
Baby's hearing: 1 month
The child's hearing is fully developed by the end of the 1st month of life. But the baby begins to understand and perceive everything that he hears a little later.
From the first weeks, the newborn reacts to a loud, sharp sound (for example, a bang, a doorbell). He flinches, blinks, or opens his eyes wide. This reaction indicates the absence of severe hearing impairment in a newly born baby. At the 3rd week of life, the baby begins to listen to sounds, voices, but auditory concentration (when a sharp sound causes the child to stop moving - he freezes and falls silent) does not last long, only 5–10 s.
Baby's hearing: 2-3 months
If during the 1st month of life the child simply listens to the sounds and freezes, then from the 2nd month the baby begins to gradually navigate the world of sounds. He tries to determine where the source of the noise is, turns his head in his direction, trying to find him with his eyes.
Baby's hearing: 4 months
At 4 months, the baby isolates voices, music, the ringing of a rattle from the sound stream, looks for the sound source well, and clearly turns his head towards it. It reacts differently to calm and rhythmic melodies: it quietly listens to a lullaby and becomes animated at the sounds of a dance song.
Baby's hearing: 5 months
At 5 months, the baby begins to distinguish the intonations of an adult's voice (affectionate or strict) and responds to them differently. To affectionate speech - smiles, perks up; on a strict one - tenses up, frowns and may cry. Distinguishes the voices of loved ones from the voices of strangers.
Baby's hearing: 6-7 months
By 6-7 months, the baby already knows his name. He hears it among other words and sounds in the speech of adults and reacts to it - he turns his head, smiles, reaches out to his father or mother.
Baby's hearing: 8-9 months
At 9 months, the child begins to imitate the sounds he hears. He understands simple speech addressed to him and responds to it. For example, at the request of “give”, finds and gives familiar objects, smiles in response to praise, stops if the mother says the word “no”.
Baby's hearing: 10-12 months
By 10-12 months, the baby is able to comprehend the words he hears and repeat them. Speech develops in parallel with hearing.
touch baby
Touch and smell complement the information that the child receives from the organs of sight and hearing. These sensations connect with each other, creating a holistic picture of the world around and helping the baby to get acquainted with new objects.
Children in the first months of life have a very developed tactile sensitivity. After birth, the baby receives almost all information about the outside world through the organs of touch, since his hearing and vision during this period are not yet sufficiently developed.
It is bodily contact with the world that allows the baby to experience new sensations, to feel his body. Mom's hands are able to convey peace to the baby. The kid really likes it when he is stroked on the back, arms and legs. Hugs and gentle strokes make the newborn feel that the mother is near and everything is fine.
If you touch the cilia, cheeks, ears 2–3 months child, he will not only close his eyes, but also reach out for them with a pen, rub them. This so-called skin focus reaction.
Beginning with 4 months it can be evoked by touching the baby's belly and palms.
Approximately at 5 months the baby begins to show interest in his mother's face, studying it with the help of touch. During breastfeeding, the baby not only looks at her mother with interest, but also touches her eyes, nose, cheeks, and hair with her hands.
After 3–4 months the baby begins to grab toys with his hands and examine them with his fingers and palms.
WITH 5 months he can study objects by touch for a long time, while “knowing” them not only with his hands, but also with his mouth - “trying on a tooth”. Around the same time, the baby begins to explore his body, feeling it and touching himself with his hands.
Child's sense of smell
Already aged 2 months Children have a highly developed sense of smell. The baby uses it as a means of communication with his mother: her scent is like a signal for him - "mom is here." The baby quickly calms down and falls asleep if he smells his native smell nearby.
Aged 2–3 months the baby is already able to express his attitude to pleasant and unpleasant odors. To the first, he reacts with fading, animation and a smile, to the second - with a grimace of discontent and sneezing.
After 6 months with the introduction of complementary foods, the child begins to distinguish food tastes and aromas.
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Emotions of a child
The emotions of a small child are involuntary: he is not yet in control of his feelings and cannot control them at will.
The emotional development of the baby directly depends on communication with adults. That is why parents should try to pay as much attention as possible to the child, encouraging him to express his emotions.
1 month life
The first emotional reactions of the child are whimpering, screaming and crying. They perform protective function and help the baby adapt to a new, unfamiliar environment for him, to attract the attention of his mother.
Sometimes on the face of a child you can see something similar to a smile. This is it, only an unconscious - physiological smile. At 1.5–2 months, the baby has the first conscious smile: the baby is happy looking at the adult.
2–3 months of life
From the age of 3 months, the baby's movements and emotions are combined into a single reaction to the attention and care of an adult, which is called the "revitalization complex". When an adult leans towards the baby, he begins to smile, move his arms and legs, sometimes actively cooing. The revival complex in a child performs two functions: it accompanies his joy about the impressions received and serves as a means of communication - and the function of communication during this period becomes the main one for the baby.
4–6 months of life
At 4 months, the baby begins to laugh loudly and contagiously, as well as respond to tickling.
On the 5 months of life the baby discovers for himself that the people around him are different: there are relatives, relatives, and there are strangers. In the presence of a stranger, the child may tense up, feel uncomfortable, cry. However, if a stranger demonstrates his kind attitude towards the baby, talks to him and smiles, wary attention is replaced by joy.
In addition, at this age, the baby feels uncomfortable in an unfamiliar environment. To feel safe, he needs his mother's presence.
7 months and beyond
closer to 7–9 months the child's emotions become even more complex. With their help, the baby expresses anger, sadness, joy, etc.
In the same period, a “social link” begins to form: when confronted with an unfamiliar situation, the baby carefully observes the emotional reaction of his mother (or other adults close to him) - and it is this reaction that becomes a guide for his own behavior. In the second half of the year, the child tries to understand the emotional state of adults, their attitude to what is happening and to himself. This is how the child develops an image of himself.
Between 7 and 11 months and the so-called “fear of parting” appears - sadness or fear if the mother suddenly disappears from sight.
In order for the child to develop harmoniously, it is necessary that the basic sense organs of the baby - hearing, sight, touch, smell - are also sufficiently developed. And they develop in the process of communication with adults. The more active and closer the interaction of the crumbs with loved ones, the more information (including of a sensual nature) the child receives, and this, in turn, is the key to his healthy development.
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Many are sure that the baby, who was just born, does not hear or see anything. This is not true. The child hears and sees - only in his own way.
learn and forget
The baby begins to hear more ... in his mother's stomach. At first, only low sounds, shortly after birth, he begins to hear high sounds. The most native voice - mommy - the baby recognizes already at the age of 5 weeks.
Vision in newborns is not the same as in adults: he sees only the outlines of objects; when he closes his eyes, it means he reacts to bright light. The world of the crumbs is presented in black and white. The baby begins to recognize his mother by visual image at the age of 3 to 5 months, and by smell - at the age of 10 days.
Grade
The first reactions to external stimuli are formed in each child purely individually. Some babies in the first month react to everything bright, to the sound of a rattle, but at the same time they do not work very actively with their arms and legs. Others - on the contrary - are very active in movements, but react poorly to sounds and nearby toys. If you have not noticed these reactions, do not worry: over time, every baby will learn to respond to extraneous sounds, to bright toys.
It has been proven that a child of 2-3 days old knows how to smile. It's just that after some time he loses this ability and starts smiling again about a month after birth. The baby also shows a walking reflex: try (supporting it) to make sure that the small feet touch any surface. The kid will immediately begin to pull his legs, but will quickly unlearn his "gait" - only after 10-12 months will he remember these movements again.
Vision as a result of feeding
The most important person in the life of a newborn baby is the mother. It is her face that he begins to recognize first. An important role in this is played by breastfeeding. The baby feels mother's warmth, mother's emotions. During feeding, the face of the parent is always in front of his eyes, gradually he begins to react to what she says. Very soon, the child will learn to focus his eyes, control his vision.
Hearing Development
The next stage in the development of the baby in the first month of life will be that he will begin to look for an object that makes sounds (rattle, musical toy, TV, radio). This is how hearing develops. This process will accelerate if you help the child, create all the necessary conditions for him.
Declaration of love
Every baby, even the smallest, needs our attention and communication. After all, communicating with us, he learns a lot. It is necessary to talk with the baby more often, sing songs to him, tell fairy tales. He doesn’t just listen to us, he also remembers! Do not ignore his crying, do not be afraid to once again take the baby in your arms, shake it, tell him how you love him. Do not be ashamed of your feelings and emotions. If the baby feels that you love him, he will begin to develop communication skills earlier, which, in turn, will bring you great joy.
At 2-3 months, the child is already able to carefully consider soft toys suspended above him (in a crib, stroller), raise his head and chest, smile at you, and responds quite well to sounds. He is already turning on his side and on his stomach, with the help of adults he “stands” on his feet. After eating, the child rejoices: he screams merrily. But the development of each child occurs in different ways, so you should not worry too much if a baby at this age does not know how to roll over on its side or reacts to toys and other objects not as violently as a neighbor's baby. He will definitely learn everything, only a little later! At this age, children are very sensitive: if they start to worry, scream, it is important to understand the cause of the excitement in time and be able to calm the child.
In order for the baby to slowly begin to communicate, and in the future not to withdraw into himself, you need to talk to him more often. You can just read to him or tell something as a full-fledged interlocutor. While communicating with the baby, you must definitely be in a good mood, because the kids feel us adults. If you are in a bad mood, the child will be very restless and capricious, so leave all your troubles outside.
Praise your baby doll for every small achievement: even his first smile deserves encouragement! Call the baby affectionate words, often hug you - more tactile contact, he should feel connected with you.
Love your babies! And remember: your child is unique, he is not like the others, and therefore the baby will develop in his own way.