The disease mouse fever is caused by a virus that provokes pain in the lower back, head and muscles, and fever. Transmission of the disease occurs only through direct or indirect contact with a rodent carrier. People living or vacationing in rural areas are at increased risk. The consequences of the disease can be very dangerous for a person, so if symptoms are detected, it is important to consult a doctor and undergo the necessary tests. A timely visit to the clinic will help you begin adequate treatment and avoid complications.
Representatives of rodents often become carriers of infections. Mouse fever is an acute disease caused by a virus of natural focal origin. The manifestations of the disease resemble colds with fever, aches and chills. However, mouse disease in humans leads to intoxication of the body, kidney problems and thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. It has been established that men suffer this fever more severely than women. A lethal outcome is possible due to renal complications and untimely treatment of the mouse disease.
Transmission mechanism mouse fever is based on the spread of the virus from animal to human. In this case, rodents are only carriers, but do not experience symptoms of the disease. The virus is not transmitted between people. Experts know several ways to become infected with mouse fever:
Airborne dust– a person inhales small particles of mouse feces.
People living or vacationing in rural areas are at particular risk of contracting mouse fever. The disease is widespread throughout almost the entire territory, excluding some areas of Africa. The danger of infection occurs from late spring to early autumn, but there are cases of people getting sick with fever during warm winters. According to medical practice, mouse disease can even affect a group of people at the same time.
After the patient has become infected, the first signs of the disease may appear within 4-46 days. On average, the incubation period for mouse fever is about 1 month. During this stage, the virus begins to multiply in the human body, spreading over large areas. The accumulation of pathogenic fever cells occurs in the tissues of various organs and lymph nodes. How quickly mouse flu manifests itself depends on the functioning and state of the human immune system.
Clinical symptoms of murine fever depend on the stage of the disease. Doctors distinguish 3 periods:
Elementary– lasts less than 3 days. At this stage, diagnosing the mouse disease is difficult, since the manifestations are nonspecific. The symptoms are similar to the flu. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees, chills occur. The patient complains of intense headaches, dry mouth and general weakness. Upon examination, the doctor may detect hyperemia of the skin of the neck, upper chest, face, and conjunctivitis. Often one of the signs of a fever is the appearance of a rash.
Symptoms of mouse fever in an adult:
temperature about 40 degrees;
Symptoms of mouse fever in children:
high body temperature (up to 40 degrees);
Many patients do not pay attention to the first signs of mouse fever because they resemble a common cold or acute respiratory illness. The onset of the disease is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature, chills, headaches and general weakness in the body. In addition, conjunctivitis, rash and redness of the skin may form. A patient at the initial stage of an illness caused by the mouse fever virus begins to feel constant dry mouth.
Often the first manifestations of the disease are less acute, reminiscent of a minor cold in symptoms. In this case, a slight cough, general malaise, and drowsiness periodically occur. If you do not see a doctor for treatment when the fever just begins to develop, it will become more severe and begin to progress rapidly.
It can be very difficult for specialists to determine mouse fever in humans. The first stage of diagnosis is a thorough history taking. This sets:
whether there was contact with an infected animal, whether there was a bite;
Laboratory methods that can help in diagnosis include:
general blood test - helps to detect a slight decrease in the number of platelets;
The correct procedure for treating mouse fever is determined by the doctor individually, in accordance with the symptoms, severity and stage of the disease. There is a need to carry out all activities in the hospital infectious diseases department. The patient is prescribed bed rest for up to 1 month and a diet. The following drugs can be prescribed as drug therapy:
Therapeutic treatment should be accompanied by a diet for mouse fever. It is necessary to exclude the consumption of salty, spicy and heavy protein foods from the diet. If the disease has a typical course and no complications arise, experts recommend using diet No. 4. The following foods should not be eaten as part of this diet:
fatty and rich broths and soups with pasta, milk and cereals;
If rat fever provokes malfunctions in the urinary system, then you will need to eat food rich in vitamins B, C and K. Doctors prescribe diet No. 1 in this case. What can you eat if you have mouse fever like this:
low-fat ham and sausages, mild cheese;
An infection caused by a fever virus, carried by rats, mice and other rodents, is capable of severe damage to the human urinary system. It often provokes kidney problems. The consequences of mouse fever can be expressed in the following diseases:
During the period of mouse fever, secondary infections of a bacterial nature may occur, which can cause the development of serious illnesses:
The prognosis of the disease will be favorable if the infected person goes to the hospital on time. After the examinations, the doctor will be able to establish the correct diagnosis. Appropriate treatment should be prescribed based on the data obtained. It is important to follow all doctor's instructions correctly, as complications from the infection can be severe and fatal.
Preventing mouse fever will help reduce the risk of contracting the virus. Since the disease is transmitted exclusively from animals, you should try to avoid contact with them and their waste products:
make food and water inaccessible to rodents;
source
Medicine has successfully learned to fight a huge number of infections. But there is still the same huge number of pathogens that affect both children and adults. Severe diseases caused by viruses, fungi or bacteria require long-term treatment and recovery. Drug therapy, which is mandatory for infections, often reduces overall immunity and resistance to new diseases. To prevent the patient from falling into this vicious circle, a special therapeutic diet No. 13 is prescribed.
Diet No. 13 is also known as table 13. It was compiled by the Soviet scientist Manuil Pevzner, who devoted his life to the study of dietetics and the connection of diet with various diseases. From the mid-twentieth century to this day, this nutritional system has been used for severe infectious diseases.
Table number 13 is prescribed for pneumonia, acute bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchiolitis. It also helps patients who have undergone surgery to recover faster. thyroid gland, bones and soft tissues. Particularly gentle nutrition is recommended for patients with any pathological processes that are accompanied by suppuration.
The therapeutic diet is used during bed rest. This diet can last no more than two weeks. If the patient recovers quickly and does not need nutritional sparing, the diet is stopped. If no improvement is observed, the patient’s menu should be adjusted by the attending doctor.
The purpose of the diet is to restore the patient’s overall strength, increase resistance to infections, and strengthen the immune system. Due to three types of sparing, the functioning of the digestive organs is supported.
Infectious diseases greatly deplete the body, and in combination with antibiotics, they significantly weaken it. In case of bronchitis, pneumonia or other diseases, it is important to compensate for the lack of useful components and maintain vitality.
Diet number 13 is designed in such a way that there is no damage to internal organs, and the need for energy is met. The load on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and heart is reduced. The treatment method pays special attention to cleansing the body of harmful microorganisms, toxins, and excess fluid.
The diet excludes hard-to-digest foods, foods that cause rotting, fermentation, and gases. The patient's diet should consist of foods rich in vitamins. The volume of liquids increases, 2-2.5 liters per day.
The patient's food should be gentle. Three types of sparing are provided:
- Chemical. That is, the composition of the food should be as easily digestible as possible. First courses should be light, with little content, vegetables well boiled. All food should not irritate the digestive organs and nervous system, spicy, sour, and highly salty foods are excluded.
- Mechanical refers to the consistency of the dishes served. On the thirteenth diet, food is supposed to be well ground, wiped, and boiled. Food should be a homogeneous mass, in the form of porridges and purees. Do not fry or bake, recipes dietary dishes should consist of boiled or steamed products.
- Thermal sparing of internal organs is achieved due to the optimal temperature of the served dishes. Cold drinks and dishes must have a temperature of at least 150, hot drinks - no higher than 650.
In order not to overload the digestive organs and heart, it is forbidden to overeat. The patient should eat small portions at approximately equal intervals. It is advisable to plan your diet so that you have 6 small meals per day.
In the morning: liquid semolina with milk, weak tea.
For lunch: soup made from carrots, potatoes, etc.
Lunch: creamy tomato and cauliflower soup.
Dinner: fish dumplings, stewed zucchini.
In the morning: carrot-apple puree, tea.
For lunch: soup with buckwheat, a little sour cream and crackers.
Snack: low-fat pureed cottage cheese.
Dinner: fish soufflé, plum compote.
In the morning: semolina porridge with milk, tea.
Dinner: rabbit meatballs in sour cream.
In the morning: carrot and semolina pudding, weak.
Snack: dry bread with rosehip infusion.
For lunch: liquid beet puree, crackers.
Dinner: chicken pudding, boiled potatoes.
Preparing meals for diet number 13 takes time and requires attention. The main task when creating a menu is to diversify your diet using a minimum of products. The patient needs more useful components, so the diet needs to be diluted as much as possible healthy dishes.
Not only cranberry mousse delicious dessert, but also useful. Cranberries are rich in rare... To prepare one serving of the dish, you will need to rub 50 g of washed berries through a fine sieve and leave to drain. Place the pulp in water and cook for 5 minutes, strain.
Add the diluted broth into the resulting broth and cook over low heat. After boiling, add cranberry juice and cool to room temperature. Beat the liquid with a mixer until fluffy, then pour into containers and place in the refrigerator. Before serving, immerse the bowl with the mousse in hot water for a few minutes and place on a saucer.
Fish souffle is suitable as a second course and diversifies the menu. For it you will need to boil the fillet of any lean fish, cool it and mince it twice. Separately, fry a few tablespoons of flour in a frying pan, then dilute it in cold milk, pour the resulting liquid into boiling milk and cook until it becomes liquid sour cream.
Add egg yolks to the fish mixture (1 piece per 100 g of fish), milk mixture, a little butter, salt. Beat the remaining whites until foamy and add to the minced meat, stir. Place the resulting mass in molds and steam.
Zucchini soup is quick to prepare and requires a minimum of ingredients. To make it, you need to peel and seed a large zucchini (for one serving), cut it into cubes and boil in a small amount of water. When the zucchini is cooked, cool slightly, beat it with a blender and add 100 g of milk. Bring everything to a boil again and add two tablespoons of semolina. Cook everything until fully cooked. When serving, you can sprinkle with wheat breadcrumbs.
Table number 13 is assigned for a short period. During the diet, the patient gains strength, restores the functioning of internal organs, and cleanses the body of harmful deposits and toxins. Recovery and rehabilitation after surgical interventions are faster, and the period of drug therapy is reduced.
During the diet, patients are advised to remain in bed or semi-bed rest. It is forbidden to lift heavy objects, overexert yourself, or get tired. It is advisable to ventilate the room in which the patient is located every day, and during the ventilation itself he should be transferred to another room.
At the end of the diet, the patient is transferred to another diet, most often on table No. 11 or No. 15. Strict adherence to all rules and requirements ensures the best therapeutic effect of the technique and rapid recovery.
We talked about fever and how to treat it, medications to reduce fever and their correct use. But we have not touched upon such important issues as feeding and drinking children who have a fever. Through proper drinking and proper nutrition You can significantly improve the well-being and condition of the child, speed up the healing process and even help strengthen the immune system. But what and how should you give your baby if he has a fever?
It is worth remembering that children with fever, due to sweating and loss of fluid through breathing, urine and stool, spend much more of it for metabolism, which means they need to fully and adequately replenish it in the body. In addition, the child needs to actively remove toxins, which requires additional fluid. An increase in body temperature by one degree speeds up metabolism three to four times, therefore, it is important to replenish fluid reserves in children in time to prevent dehydration. It is also necessary to give the child more liquid so that he can increase sweating, that is, help him transfer heat to the space surrounding the baby and cool the body through evaporation. In children, the mechanism of sweating is imperfect, since their sweat glands still do not work smoothly.
If the baby is properly fed and the fever does not reach critical levels, you can use special antipyretic and diaphoretic infusions to lower the temperature and fight the fever even without antipyretic drugs. The child will be able to cope with the elevated temperature on his own. With all this, it is worth remembering that for every degree of increased body temperature, the child needs to receive at least 20-25% more fluid than he should receive according to the standards. Even if there is more, the excess fluid will be excreted in the urine. In this case, the flow of fluid should be uniform throughout the day so that there are no fluctuations in metabolic processes. You can give your child liquid every 15-30 minutes, a few spoons or sips, a small mug, depending on age and weight.
However, in the matter of drinking water, you should not be overzealous and zealous; if you give a child a lot of liquid at once, this can provoke an attack of vomiting during a fever, which is also unfavorable for the baby’s condition. It is best not to give your child a lot to drink at the peak of a fever, as the gag reflex is heightened at this time. In this case, herbal teas and infusions, decoctions with a diaphoretic effect are effective for children, but it is worth remembering their potential allergenicity and trying them, starting with a small volume. Useful diaphoretic drinks will be tea with raspberries or honey, with linden blossom, infusions of chamomile and fennel.
In babies early age You should give preference to decoctions that have low allergenicity - dried fruit compote, raisin water (dried raisins brewed with boiling water), herbal tea with chamomile. It is important that these liquids for drinking do not exceed the child’s body temperature, then the liquid will be maximally absorbed and absorbed by the body. In young children who are on breastfeeding, the best liquid for milking is breast milk; you need to put your baby to the breast as often as possible - at least every 15 minutes. If the child is artificially fed, he should be given herbal teas or boiled water for drinking.
It is worth remembering the signs of dehydration, which are extremely undesirable to detect in your baby. These signs should worry you greatly and be a reason to call a doctor:
- retraction of the fontanelle,
- very dry lips and mouth,
- sunken eyes and crying without tears,
- agitation or depression, very dry skin,
- urine is released extremely rarely, there is little of it and it is too concentrated.
With such symptoms, you need to force dehydration and immediately call a doctor, since dehydration can significantly affect your well-being and increase the fever.
What and how to eat when you have a fever?
Of course, with colds, children's appetite is reduced, but it is still necessary for the baby to eat, at least a little. Doctors recommend diversifying the diet, making it nutritious, varied and age-appropriate, then it will increase the child’s resistance to colds and help in the fight against fever. In case of fever, it is not recommended to restrict the child’s diet for a long time, both in terms of the caloric component and vitamin-mineral content, and in terms of the amount of food. Today, in pediatrics and medicine in general, they have categorically abandoned the previously existing principle of fasting treatment for various diseases, including fever.
It is important to remember that during fever there is an increase in metabolic rate and sick children need more high-calorie nutrition, complete in all respects. At the same time, fasting weakens the entire body, leading to a delay in the healing process. Food for febrile children should contain vitamins and minerals in sufficient quantities, but should not be heavy or excessively high in calories. It is especially important to enrich the diet with vitamin C, since its role in fever is very important, as well as there should be enough B vitamins, which help in activating the body’s defenses.
This is the most difficult question that parents face, since it is, of course, impossible to force spoons of porridge or soup into a feverish child. The fact is that at the stage of fever and the fight against infection, the body devotes all its efforts to activating the immune system and synthesizing antibodies, and it will be extremely difficult for it to spend extra calories and energy on digesting food. Therefore, in matters of feeding, parents should be guided, first of all, by common sense and prudence. If the high temperature does not last very long, only one or two days, and the baby does not want to eat at all, it is worth giving him a fortified drink and light fruit purees, semi-liquid in consistency. An insufficient amount of food must be supplemented with fluid intake.
Liquids should not be given up under any circumstances. But usually children refuse to eat for the first few hours that the fever lasts, and they feel unwell. As the condition improves and the temperature drops, the appetite begins to gradually return, and the baby can eat little by little. After a fever, you should give your child pureed and slimy soups, thin porridge or jelly. As the condition improves and the child transitions from the acute period, they begin to diversify the diet and return to the child’s usual eating style in order to make up for all losses due to illness.
Useful tips for fever
During fever, fluid is lost, it is worth replenishing it with fruit, berry-fruit or fruit-vegetable juices, fruit drinks, compotes, decoction of dried apricots and raisins, tea, into which you can finely chop a peeled apple. The temperature of the drink should be approximately equal to body temperature.
To reduce intoxication, it is important to take enough vitamins contained in foods - ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and P are especially necessary. It is important to include decoctions of rose hips and black currants, lemons, and chokeberries in the diet. Carrots and pumpkin, sea buckthorn, raspberries and dried apricots are no less useful for feverish children. But sugar, if possible, and there is no allergy, should be replaced with honey, you need to alternate different types drinking. You need to drink often, but only two or three sips.
When the condition improves, you need to eat: proteins are required, they are used to build antibodies to fight infections - fish and meat dishes are needed, in the form of soufflés, meatballs, minced meat. You can also use eggs, cottage cheese and cheese. If your baby doesn’t eat well, you can give him protein from dairy products - milk, kefir or yogurt. Puréed vegetables with a small piece of butter will be useful.
Some foods contain salicylic acid, a natural substance, a harmless analogue of harmful aspirin, which can help reduce fever and alleviate the child's condition. First of all, oranges and their juice are useful for fever; they quench thirst well, are rich in essential vitamins and have an antipyretic effect. Blackberries and their juice, berries and raspberry juice have a similar effect, and a wonderful antipyretic tea is brewed from raspberry leaves. Berries and currant juices are beneficial. Blueberries and dates, peppers and garlic, and prunes have a natural antipyretic effect.
Garlic and grapes, plums and pineapples, raspberries and kelp, broccoli and avocados, strawberries, soybeans, blueberries and green tea have antiviral activity.
Products with natural antibiotics - eggplant, banana, ginger and figs, garlic, peppers, grapes, mustard and honey, horseradish, pineapples, kelp, green tea and plums.
Products with an immunostimulating effect are garlic and kelp, all fresh juices, boiled fish and meat, olive oil, cereals, sour daily milk and yogurt.
Analyzing nutrition for various diseases, it is necessary to say a few words about the diet of acute febrile patients.
Such patients are encountered very often in nursing practice. High temperature is known to increase the sensitivity of the gastric mucosa. That is why it is necessary to be careful when prescribing food to feverish people. Solid food, which causes irritation of the mucous membrane, is undesirable for patients with high fever. It can cause abdominal pain and vomiting. In addition, foods rich in undigested residues can further increase the temperature. Therefore, in acute diseases accompanied by fever, it is necessary to limit yourself to liquid food. , broth, finely pureed soups from semolina and rice (mucoid soups with the addition of egg yolk and roots, methods for preparing which can be found on sites with recipes on the Internet) - this is the usual diet for patients with fever. In the further course of febrile illnesses, you can also eat semi-liquid food in the form of porridges, which are usually prepared from milk with rice, tapioca, semolina and oatmeal with the addition of a small amount of butter.
With increased sensitivity of the gastric mucosa, which often occurs during illnesses with fever, it is sometimes necessary to refuse protein foods (mainly broth and milk), which in these cases are poorly tolerated, causing nausea, vomiting and pain. Then doctors resort to carbohydrates in the form of fruit soups and compotes. These latter, with rare exceptions, are well tolerated by patients with hyperthermia and should be added to their diet.
The need for copious fluid administration during febrile illnesses has already been discussed in.
When satisfying the patient's thirst, you should not abuse lemonades and sparkling waters. True, the use of lemonade is recommended by some due to the presence of nutrient- sugar. But lemonade often causes painful bloating, which is extremely undesirable in certain diseases (typhoid fever, for example).
Under no circumstances should patients be given traditional traditional medicine and beloved by many ordinary people - milk with the addition of cognac or wine. absolutely contraindicated!
Diet table 13 according to Pevzner is prescribed for acute infectious diseases, because at this moment the body especially needs support. In addition to general therapy, it is important to eat so that the body has enough strength to fight the infection. Diet 13 fully meets these requirements.
- Table 13 supports the body's strength and contributes to its resistance to infection
- With this diet, intoxication is reduced
- The digestive system works in a more gentle manner, which is very important when there is fever accompanying an infectious disease
If you are not sure of the table number you need, please check.
- Table 13 according to Pevzner is a low-calorie diet (2300 Kcl per day)
- You need to eat 5-6 times in small portions
- Food should not be too hot or too cold
- Food is steamed or boiled
- Dishes are served chopped or mashed
- The “13 table” diet allows the consumption of no more than 8-10 grams of salt per day
- All food should be easily digestible and not cause constipation
| Product table | Can | It is forbidden |
| Soups | Weak broths made from fish, poultry, meat and vegetables to which you can add rice and oatmeal, noodles, eggs, dumplings. Puree soups, beetroot soups, fruit soups | Rich broths, legumes and millet are prohibited |
| Bread and pastries | Doctor's bread or "Zdorovye", crackers, biscuits, crackers, dry biscuits | Rye and fresh white bread, muffins, puff pastry pastries |
| Meat, poultry, fish | Low-fat varieties, cleared of bones, tendons, etc. | Lamb, pork, duck, goose, sausages, canned food, salted and smoked fish |
| Milk | Kefir and other fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese and dishes made from it, grated cheese, low-fat sour cream, milk and cream - only in drinks and dishes | Whole milk, full-fat sour cream, cream, salty, spicy and fatty cheese |
| Eggs | Soft-boiled eggs, steam omelettes | Hard-boiled egg, scrambled egg |
| Cereals | Semolina, pureed buckwheat, rice and rolled oats, vermicelli | Millet, barley, corn grits, legumes and pasta |
| Vegetables and fruits | Almost all vegetables are allowed | Cucumbers, legumes, mushrooms, rutabaga, radishes, white cabbage, onions and garlic |
| Fruits | In fresh form - very ripe, in processed form - puree, jelly, compotes, jelly | any fruit that is rich in fiber and has a rough skin |
| Beverages | Weak tea and coffee with milk, juices diluted with water, compotes, fruit drinks, rosehip or bran decoction. | Cocoa |
Weak broths made from fish, poultry, meat and vegetables to which you can add rice and oatmeal, noodles, eggs, dumplings. Puree soups, beetroot soups, fruit soups 
It is forbidden: rich broths, the addition of legumes and millet is prohibited
Doctor's bread or "Zdorovye", crackers, biscuits, crackers, dry biscuits
It is forbidden: Rye and fresh white bread, muffins, puff pastry pastries
Diet 13 according to Pevzer allows low-fat varieties, cleared of bones, tendons, etc.
Serve pureed, crushed or in the form of cutlets, meatballs, meatballs
It is forbidden: lamb, pork, duck, goose, sausages, canned food, salted and smoked fish
It is forbidden: whole milk, full-fat sour cream, cream, salty, spicy and fatty cheese
Diet number 13 allows soft-boiled eggs, as well as steamed omelettes 
It is forbidden: hard-boiled egg, fried egg
Porridges made from semolina, pureed buckwheat, rice and rolled oats are allowed. The porridge should be boiled, semi-liquid, slimy. You can add broth or milk to the dish. Steam puddings and soufflés and boiled vermicelli are also allowed
It is forbidden: millet, barley, corn grits, legumes and pasta
Almost all vegetables are allowed. Grated on a fine grater (fresh) or served as a puree (boiled)
Important! Early zucchini and pumpkin do not need to be wiped before serving; they are already quite soft.
It is forbidden: cucumbers, legumes, mushrooms, rutabaga, radishes, white cabbage, onions and garlic
Only very ripe fruits with thin skin can be eaten fresh (or the skin can be peeled off). In processed form - purees, compotes, jelly, jelly
It is forbidden: any fruit that is rich in fiber and has a rough skin
Table number 13 allows weak tea and coffee with milk, juices diluted with water, compotes, fruit drinks, rosehip or bran decoction. 
Diet 13 according to the Pevzner system, based on the permitted list of products, suggests this menu for the week, which you can download from the link below.
Here are a few recipes that we suggest preparing with this therapeutic diet.
- Two packs of cottage cheese
- Half a cup of flour
- Two eggs
- Sugar and salt to taste
Grind sugar with eggs and cottage cheese until smooth, add flour and knead the dough. Form cheesecakes from the dough, roll them in flour and fry over medium heat for two minutes on each side.
Core the apples. Mix cottage cheese and honey. Place the apples on a baking sheet greased with vegetable oil and place the filling in place of the cut out core. Place in the oven for 15 minutes. Oven temperature – 180 degrees.
Remove the skin from the chicken breast and place it in a saucepan. Fill in cold water, put the peeled onion there, bring to a boil and cook for an hour, skimming off the foam. Cut the carrots into cubes and add to the broth. Remove the breast, cool, chop and return to the broth. Three minutes before the end of cooking, add salt to taste, add vermicelli, stir thoroughly. Turn off the heat under the soup, close the lid and let it brew for 15 minutes.
- The body has much more strength to fight infection
- Intoxication is reduced
- This type of nutrition has a general strengthening effect.
Things are different when they are prescribed, read about its features and principles of menu design.
Respiratory infections don't just cause trouble for sore throats. They cause intoxication of the body, weaken its defenses and can cause serious complications. Therefore, complex treatment includes medications prescribed by a doctor and adherence to a dietary treatment table 13.
The essence of the latter is that the incoming food is light and does not require effort to digest. Along with foods, amino acids, unsaturated fats and other substances that reduce inflammation and relieve sore throat should be supplied. At the same time, food should provide the necessary energy, strengthen the immune system, and be a source of essential vitamins and microelements.
When dieting, the 13th table is shown a large number of liquids (at least 2 liters per day) to reduce intoxication of the body. In the presence of vomiting, diarrhea and other conditions, the doctor may increase this rate.
The 13th diet is prescribed for acute respiratory infectious diseases, when they are accompanied by pain and sore throat, and a strong irritating cough. The indication for its use is inflammation of the tissues of the pharynx and trachea.
Table 13, which provides nutrition that is gentle on the throat, can be used after surgical operations on the thyroid gland and other organs in the neck, soft tissues of the larynx and pharynx.
The main goal of diet 13 according to Pevzner is to facilitate the absorption of food. It is difficult for the body affected by infection to expend effort on digesting heavy, dense food. In order for it to spend energy on fighting the disease, and not on digesting fatty, spicy, high-calorie foods, it is necessary to reduce energy value diet. Easily digestible nutrition will help you cope with the disease faster and prevent complications.
Another important goal of Diet 13 is to speed up the recovery processes in the inflamed tissues of the throat and trachea. To do this, the menu includes products with vitamins and microelements, amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The purpose of table 13 is to strengthen the body’s defenses, for which the diet must contain a sufficient amount of fortified fruits and vegetables. The diet helps eliminate toxic substances accumulated due to inflammatory processes in tissues. To do this, the drinking regime is adjusted.
To make nutrition easy, food is quickly absorbed and does not require large amounts of energy, diet 13 provides for a reduced calorie content - up to 2000-2300 kcal/day. This is achieved by reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates. Fats are allowed in the amount of 60 g (vegetables account for no more than 10 g), and carbohydrates are allowed no more than 300 g per day (only a third of them can be easily digestible - from fruits, juices, baked goods). The protein norm is slightly reduced - to 75 g / day, and 50 g of this should be animal proteins. It is advisable to get them mainly from dairy products, because such protein is easier to digest.
You need to eat at least 5 times a day, and the amount of food is distributed evenly between breakfast, lunch and dinner. Drink at least 2 liters per day. Dishes are steamed, boiled, stewed or baked. They should not cause bloating, contain a lot of coarse fiber, or be too hot or cold so as not to irritate the throat.
Nutritionist advice. In case of severe acute respiratory diseases, in the first 1-2 days, only liquid food is allowed: weak meat broth, pureed mucous soups cooked in broth; fermented milk drinks, weak tea with lemon, fresh juices, rosehip decoction, fruit jellies and compotes.
Dishes during the acute course of the disease should be mechanically and thermally gentle. Cold - no lower than 15, hot - no higher than 65 degrees Celsius. During the period of pronounced disease activity, taking into account decreased appetite, food should be taken in small portions 6-7 times a day, including at night, at the request of the patient. In the future, 4-5 meals a day are recommended.
Products and dishes for dietary table No. 13 are selected taking into account their high vitamin content, easy and quick digestibility. Irritating drinks and foods, pickles, smoked foods, herbs and spices, store-bought sauces and seasonings are prohibited. Vegetables and low-fat fermented milk products are recommended.
| Dishes and products | What is possible | What not to do |
| Bread and pastries |
|
|
| Soups |
|
|
| Meat dishes |
|
|
| Fish dishes |
|
|
| Dairy | Kefir, curdled milk, yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat sour cream, mild cheese | whole milk, cream, full-fat sour cream, cheeses - sharp, fatty, salted, smoked, processed |
| Cereals | rice, buckwheat, oatmeal in the form of viscous porridges, puddings, soufflés | corn grits, pearl barley, millet, brown rice, sago |
| Vegetables | potatoes, beets, carrots, cauliflower, zucchini, pumpkin, tomatoes | white cabbage, cucumbers, radishes, radishes, onions, garlic |
| Fruits, berries | sweet and very ripe | sour and unripe with coarse fiber |
| Dessert | honey, jam, jelly, mousses, marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade | chocolate, ice cream, confectionery with cream |
| Fats | butter, refined vegetable oils | unrefined vegetable oils, lard, sandwich margarine |
| Eggs | soft-boiled, “in a bag”, steam omelette | hard-boiled, scrambled eggs |
| Beverages | weak coffee and tea with milk, lemon, juices, fruit drinks, compotes, jelly, rosehip decoction | strong tea, coffee, cocoa, carbonated sweet drinks, kvass, alcohol |
Freshly squeezed juices from berries, fruits and vegetables are allowed diluted with water 1:1.
- 1st breakfast: semolina porridge with strawberry jam, tea.
- 2nd breakfast: curd pudding.
- Lunch: vegetarian borscht, boiled vermicelli, fish dumplings, broth.
- Afternoon snack: baked apple.
- Dinner: cabbage rolls, jelly.
- At night: kefir.
- 1st breakfast: pureed oatmeal with milk, green tea.
- 2nd breakfast: soft-boiled egg, fresh carrots.
- Lunch: milk rice soup, mashed potatoes with boiled fish with sour cream sauce, jelly.
- Afternoon snack: dumplings with berries.
- Dinner: chicken meatballs with boiled cauliflower, tea.
- At night: yogurt.
- 1st breakfast: semi-viscous buckwheat porridge, coffee with milk.
- 2nd breakfast: dried wheat toast with butter and a piece of cheese, rosehip infusion.
- Lunch: beetroot soup, steamed fish cutlets, carrot puree, berry compote.
- Afternoon snack: cheesecakes with currant jam.
- Dinner: vegetable stew, boiled chicken breast, tea.
- At night: rosehip decoction.
- 1st breakfast: steam omelette with pieces of zucchini and tomatoes, tea.
- 2nd breakfast: natural yogurt with dry biscuit.
- Lunch: vegetable soup with semolina, potato and meat casserole, jelly.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly.
- Dinner: pumpkin porridge with rice, rosehip infusion.
- At night: kefir.
- 1st breakfast: cottage cheese and pumpkin casserole, coffee with milk.
- 2nd breakfast: baked apple.
- Lunch: noodle soup, steamed meatballs with zucchini puree, rose hip decoction.
- Afternoon snack: milk and fruit jelly, dry biscuit.
- Dinner: baked cod with vegetables, tea.
- At night: yogurt.
- 1st breakfast: rice pudding, tea.
- 2nd breakfast: wheat toast with jam.
- Lunch: potato soup with meatballs, vegetable stew, apple compote.
- Afternoon snack: lazy dumplings.
- Dinner: pureed buckwheat, baked turkey fillet, jelly.
- At night: decoction of wheat bran.
- 1st breakfast: semolina pudding, coffee with milk.
- 2nd breakfast: orange.
- Lunch: pumpkin puree soup, casserole with minced chicken and vegetables, fresh apple juice.
- Afternoon snack: berry mousse.
- Dinner: krupenik with cottage cheese, tea.
- At night: kefir.
Semolina pudding. The first step in making pudding is to cook the semolina porridge. Pour 450 ml of milk into a saucepan, bring to a boil, add a tablespoon of sugar, a little salt, a glass of semolina and cook with continuous stirring until tender. Add a piece of butter to the finished porridge and let it cool to room temperature. Separate the whites from 4 eggs and beat them into a strong foam. Mix the yolks into the porridge, then carefully add the whites and mix everything. Next, take a silicone mold, grease it with oil and lay out the pudding. Bake in the oven over medium heat for about half an hour until golden brown. Cool the finished pudding and transfer to plates. You can top it with berry syrup.
Pumpkin puree soup. Peel the onion, wash and finely chop, saute in a frying pan in butter. Cut 400 g of pumpkin pulp into cubes and add to the onion. Add water to cover the vegetables and simmer for about 20 minutes until soft. Transfer the vegetables to a blender and blend, add a glass of hot milk and 20 g of butter, a pinch of salt and blend again. Pour the soup back into the pan and heat through, but do not boil. Pour into plates, season with sour cream, sprinkle with wheat crackers.
Lazy dumplings. Grind 450 g of low-fat cottage cheese in a cup, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, a pinch of salt, beat in an egg. Mix the mass well. Sift 140 g of flour and add to the cottage cheese. Knead the dough well and place it on a floured table. Roll out into a sausage shape and cut into circles or diamonds. Boil water in a saucepan and add dumplings. After 2-3 minutes, the finished lazy dumplings will float. They are taken out with a slotted spoon, placed on a plate, poured with butter, berry syrup or sour cream.
For more information on what is good to eat for flu, colds and other respiratory diseases, watch the video below.
source
This is an increase in body temperature due to the fact that heat production exceeds heat loss. The process is accompanied by chills, tachycardia, rapid breathing, etc. It is often called “fever” or “fever”
As a rule, fever is a companion to almost all infectious pathologies. Moreover, in young children, fever occurs due to increased heat production, while in adults it is provoked by limited heat transfer. Hyperthermia is a protective action of the body in response to pathogenic stimuli.
For each patient, the cause of hyperthermia is individual. An increase in body temperature can provoke:
Depending on temperature changes, fevers are classified into:
- 1 returnable– alternation of normal body temperature with increased body temperature can last several days;
- 2 exhausting– during the day, the temperature can rise to 5 degrees several times and then drop sharply;
- 3 remitting– elevated temperature, but not more than 2 degrees, as a rule, does not decrease to normal levels;
- 4 perverted– the highest body temperature is observed in the morning;
- 5 constant– elevated temperature within 1 degree, which lasts for a long period;
- 6 wrong– throughout the day, body temperature decreases and increases without any patterns.
Fever progresses in stages. At the first stage, the temperature rises, the skin becomes pale, and a sensation of goose bumps occurs. The second stage is temperature retention, its duration ranges from one hour to several days. The skin becomes hot, the patient feels a feeling of heat, and the chills disappear. Depending on the thermometer reading, the second stage of fever is divided into:
- low-grade fever(up to 38 degrees);
- febrile or moderate(when the thermometer shows no more than 39 degrees);
- high– no more than 41 degrees;
- excessive– increase in body temperature above 41 degrees.
The third stage involves a decrease in temperature, which can be rapid or slow. Usually, under the influence of medications, the blood vessels of the skin dilate, and excess heat is removed from the patient’s body, which is accompanied by intense sweating.
Common characteristic signs of fever include:
- 1 flushed face;
- 2 feeling of aching in bones and joints;
- 3 extreme thirst;
- 4 sweating;
- 5 body trembling;
- 6 tachycardia;
- 7 in some cases, confusion;
- 8 lack of appetite;
- 9 spasms in the temples;
- 10 vomiting.
Both children and adults cannot tolerate high temperatures well. However, it is not only the fever itself that is dangerous, but the cause that provokes it. After all, hyperthermia can be a sign of meningitis or serious pneumonia. The worst sufferers of high fever are the elderly, cancer patients, people with weakened immune systems, and young children.
In 5% of children in the first 3 to 4 years of life, convulsive seizures and hallucinations are possible at high temperatures, in some cases even to the point of loss of consciousness. Such convulsions should not be associated with epilepsy; they have nothing to do with it. They are explained by the immaturity of the functioning of the nervous system. They usually occur when the thermometer is above 38 degrees. In this case, the baby may not hear the doctor and may not respond to his words. The duration of convulsive seizures can range from several seconds to several minutes and stop on their own.
There is no prevention for hyperthermia. Pathologies that can cause fever should be treated promptly.
For minor hyperthermia (no more than 38 degrees on the thermometer), no drugs are prescribed, since the body mobilizes immune defense at this time.
On an outpatient basis, the patient is advised to rest and take plenty of fluids. Every 2-3 hours you should monitor your body temperature; if it is more than 38 degrees, then you must take an antipyretic medicine according to the instructions and call a doctor. After examination, the doctor determines the cause and, if necessary, prescribes anti-inflammatory or antiviral drugs and vitamin therapy.
The main priorities when planning a menu for a patient with hyperthermia should be elimination of toxins, relief of inflammatory processes and maintenance of the immune system. It is necessary to drink at least 2.5 - 3 liters of liquid during the day. There is a misconception that a patient with a fever needs to abstain from food for a while and only drink plenty of fluids. As body temperature rises, metabolism accelerates accordingly. If the patient does not receive enough calories, his body will weaken and he will not have the strength to overcome the disease.
Food should be easily digestible and include the following products:
- boiled or stewed vegetables, if desired, you can add a small piece of good butter to them;
- ripe mashed berries and fruits;
- baked apples;
- Among sweets, it is better to give preference to marmalade and honey;
- crackers, yesterday's bread;
- well-cooked porridge from oatmeal, buckwheat or rice;
- garlic, as a natural antimicrobial agent;
- lean vegetable broths;
- ginger tea as an anti-inflammatory therapy;
- steam omelette or soft-boiled eggs;
- chicken or turkey meat in the form of meatballs or meatballs;
- baked low-fat fish;
- milk soups, cocoa, cottage cheese, kefir.
source
Many existing diseases are caused by infections.
Infectious diseases are divided into several types, among which are the so-called natural focal ones. Pathologies of this type have some features: their development is possible only in a limited area and under certain conditions; rodents are carriers of the virus.
When such infections enter the human body can be very dangerous and have quite serious consequences. Mouse fever is just one of these diseases of infectious etiology.
As is already clear from the name, the disease is characterized by a febrile state, but, in addition, there are other signs: thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, general intoxication of the body and kidney damage.
In this case, the virus carriers are Norway rats and voles. What is characteristic is that rodents themselves do not suffer from the disease, but are only carriers. The virus is shed through the feces and urine of animals.
Routes of infection can be of the following types:
- Nutritional. A person eats food or water that contains virus secretions.
- Airborne dust. Inhaled dust contains contaminated excrement.
- Contact. Damaged skin comes into contact with carriers of the disease or with objects contaminated by them.
The virus is not transmitted from person to person.
Most often, residents of villages and villages suffer from mouse fever, and the majority of patients are men from 16 to 50 years old. The disease is seasonal - outbreaks of fever with renal syndrome are recorded in the warm season (from May to October). In Russia, natural foci of the disease are located in the Ural and Volga districts.
Murine fever with renal syndrome develops in stages. Signs and symptoms of mouse fever in adults are determined by the stage of the disease.
There are four stages of the disease:
Mouse fever has symptoms similar to other pathologies (intestinal infection, acute respiratory infections), which makes diagnosis difficult and therefore the disease is very dangerous. If the correct diagnosis is not made in time and treatment is not started, there is a huge risk of complications.
Particular attention should be paid to the symptoms of mouse fever in children. The child's body is more sensitive to the infectious agent, therefore the incubation period proceeds much faster, and the signs of the disease corresponding to the second and third periods are more intense and brighter. In addition, they can appear less than a week after infection.
To the above signs of mouse fever may be added bleeding gums. A high temperature often causes nosebleeds. Although children are much less likely to contract mouse fever, parents should be wary. At the first suspicion of infection, you should immediately contact your pediatrician in order to prevent possible dangerous consequences.
Treatment of the disease is carried out only in a hospital setting under the close supervision of an infectious disease specialist. While in the infectious diseases department, the patient must strictly follow all the doctor’s instructions and observe bed rest, which is set for a period of 7 to 30 days.
The patient is prescribed the following medications:
- Painkillers (ketorold, analgin);
- antipyretics (nurofen, paracetamol);
- antiviral (lavomax, amiksin, ingavirin);
- anti-inflammatory (piroxicam, aspirin);
- vitamin complex (B vitamins, ascorbic acid);
- infusion therapy (5% glucose solution, saline solution).
If necessary, the doctor may prescribe hormonal therapy with prednisone. Treatment of thrombotic complications is carried out with anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin). In case of severe kidney damage, hemodialysis may be prescribed.
To diagnose a disease the following factors are required:
For an accurate diagnosis of mouse fever, the doctor prescribes a number of laboratory tests
- General urine test (protein and red blood cells will indicate the presence of the disease);
- complete blood count (a low platelet count should raise suspicion);
- enzyme immunoassay, which allows us to determine the presence of special antibodies in the patient’s blood, the task of which is to fight the causative agent of the disease;
- polymerase chain reaction is a virus detection method that helps detect the genetic materials of the pathogen in the patient’s blood;
- biochemical blood test to detect kidney problems;
- stool analysis (blood found in stool indicates the presence of bleeding in the digestive system).
For the purpose of additional diagnostics, they may be prescribed following procedures:
- X-ray chest;
- electrocardiography;
- ultrasonography;
- blood clotting test.
Treatment of mouse fever is carried out by a therapist together with an infectious disease specialist. You may need help from an epidemiologist.
Since mouse fever prevention does not involve vaccination, you can protect yourself by taking the necessary precautions. The most effective preventive remedy for children, men and women is maintaining hygiene rules, which include the following:
Following these basic rules will help you avoid contracting mouse fever and protect you from its unpleasant consequences.
The following types of morbidity exist:
- Production path (professional activities in forests, oil pipelines, drilling stations, etc.).
- An agricultural type characterized by autumn-winter seasonality.
- The forest type is the most common option. Infection occurs when visiting the forest (picking mushrooms, berries, etc.).
- Garden type.
- Household type. Infection in the country, in a country house, etc., that is, in those places that are located next to the forest or directly in it. With this type, the most cases of damage to the elderly and children have been recorded.
- Camp type (rest homes, forest sanatoriums, children's camps, etc.).
Among the features of distribution the following can be distinguished:
- The incidence of mouse fever is isolated, however, there are also outbreaks: group infections - infection occurs in several people at the same time (usually 10-20), sometimes 30-100.
- Most often, men (up to 90)% of the total number of infected people fall ill.
- A large percentage of young people aged 18 to 50 are affected (80%).
Basically, with timely and correct treatment the prognosis is favorable. In percentage terms it looks like this:
After an infection in a person stable immunity is developed, repeated cases of infection are quite rare.
If you notice the first signs of mouse fever, you should immediately contact a specialist for laboratory testing and a subsequent course of treatment. To avoid the development of complications, do not delay the diagnosis of the disease.
Chills, headaches that develop into migraines, nausea and, as a result, vomiting, “aching” pain in the back and joints - these are all obvious symptoms of mouse fever in children. But how not to confuse it with a common cold or intestinal disorder?
Mouse fever in children is a rare infectious disease that occurs after the bite of an infected animal, as well as through direct contact of a child with his feces (urine, feces) and secretions from the mucous membranes (oral cavity, eyes and nose). Infection usually occurs by inhaling the excrement of various species of wild mice or rats, sometimes through a bite. Other infected rodents can also be carriers; they are sources of infection from several months to 2 years. Recently, a case of transmission of this type of virus between people was recorded, but it is not common in our country.
The disease is caused by Hantavirus, which has different strains. The kidneys or lungs are most often affected. In Europe and the Middle East, the predominant types of this virus are those that attack the kidneys, resulting in:
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Main symptoms: fever, acute renal failure and hemorrhagic skin rash (not always). The mortality rate is 10%.
- Epidemic nephropathy (EN)- a disease caused by the Puumala virus and is one of the types (HFRS), and also affects the kidneys. It is found in various European (mainly Scandinavian) countries and has a milder course. Main symptoms: headaches, pain in the lumbar region, back, stomach, fever. Mortality 0.2-0.5%.
Pulmonary syndrome occurs much rarer and commonly found in America. But the mortality rate is very high – up to 76%. Cardiac syndrome is even less common.
Therefore, in our country, mouse fever is usually called hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which is most common in Eurasia. And it is its symptoms in children that are described in this article.
Depending on the pathogen, the disease can occur with varying severity. In European and Middle Eastern countries, mild and moderate forms predominate, while in the Far Eastern countries, severe forms predominate. Symptoms of mouse fever in children may also differ. The mild form may occur without obvious symptoms, resembling a cold. It is usually less well tolerated.
The first symptoms usually appear 3-10 days after a child comes into contact with an infected rodent. Sometimes the symptoms of mouse fever in a child are hidden (asymptomatic) in nature, and can appear only 3 weeks after direct contact (statistical medical materials indicate this fact of the first symptoms). Incubation period can be quite long and take from 7 to 45 days. By this time, any tissue damage (bites or scratches), as a rule, has already healed, leaving no trace of itself.
The next thing to do after the incubation period is initial stage of the disease. Its symptoms are largely identical to the common viral cold:
- increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees, without signs of inflammation respiratory tract;
- the appearance of a headache, but usually the eyes and brow ridges do not hurt;
- nausea and vomiting;
- nosebleeds (due to weakened functioning of blood vessels and drying out of the nasal mucosa);
- an increase in the size of the lymph nodes, which are localized close to the bite wound;
The armpits and groin are the places where lymph nodes most often swell. The young infected patient then develops fever, chills and headaches. Sometimes the epidermis in the area of the original wound may peel off. Skin rashes do not appear immediately, but if they do appear, the itchy, slightly pink rash spreads over different parts of the body.
The general condition of the sick child can be described as “sluggish” and weak.
- dryness in the oral cavity;
- a small rash may appear on the skin of the neck, chest and face, but not always;
- the skin in these areas is hyperemic (increased blood flow occurs);
- conjunctivitis develops (damage to the mucous membrane of the eyes), vision deteriorates.
This state of health accompanies the child for three days.
If this phase occurs, it lasts up to 2 days. Symptoms include tachycardia and hypoxemia (lack of oxygen in the blood), which occur due to a drop in platelet levels in the blood.
If appropriate treatment is not provided in time and a diagnosis of mouse fever is not made, the third (oliguric) stage of the disease enters its active phase. It can last from 6 to 57 days. The disease becomes more complicated, the state of health worsens, the symptoms are as follows:
- the temperature decreases by 0.5-1 degrees;
- fever does not go away;
- organism leads to the fact that the skin becomes dry over the entire area of the child’s body.
All symptoms that appeared during the first stage of the disease remain in the child. Added to the whole “set” of painful sensations:
- swelling of the face, eyelids;
- disruption of the urination process occurs much less frequently.
As soon as the eyelids, eyes and face become swollen, this is the first sign that the kidneys are affected and are no longer able to function properly. The cause of renal syndrome is damage to the blood vessels of this paired organ, as in other parts of the body. The oligouric (third) stage of the disease lasts on average 10 days.
It occurs before recovery, but can last from several days to weeks. During it, symptoms of diuresis appear - the child experiences very frequent urination, possibly even several liters per day (depending on the age and intensity of the disease).
With proper and timely treatment, the disease enters its final phase without serious consequences for health. This period in medicine is called polyuric stage the course of fever and the following symptoms are associated with it:
- urination is normalized;
- the general state of health is improved (the temperature is no longer so high, vomiting and nausea disappear completely);
- weakness continues to overcome children's body.
The child's body is individual and can react differently to the stages of mouse fever. Therefore, the symptoms of the disease may also differ.
As soon as an increase in body temperature is recorded, the child’s general condition begins to gradually deteriorate. In children, fever can manifest itself through:
- chills;
- muscle pain;
- painful sensations in the “open” site of the bite;
- rash (manifests itself in the form of red-violet “plaques”, but does not always occur);
- swollen, painful joints (joint and muscle pain is extremely rare).
After 2-4 days of the onset of fever, a papular rash may appear on the arms and legs. This rash is defined by flat, reddened areas on the skin with small bumps. As a result, one or more joints may swell, becoming red and painful.
Without treatment, the child is at great risk of developing serious infections:
- endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart);
- heart valve infection;
- pericarditis (inflammatory disease of the heart sac - the outer connective tissue membrane of the heart);
- meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord);
- mumps (inflammatory processes of the parotid gland).
Any tissue or organ of the body is susceptible to infection. Therefore, a focus of infection and pus, called an abscess, can develop in absolutely any part of the child’s body.
When is it not mouse fever?
Due to the lack of information and medical knowledge, this disease in children is sometimes confused with a cold or intestinal infection. The fact that this is really not mouse fever can be assumed if symptoms such as runny nose and cough are observed. Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort may rarely be signs of hantavirus infection and are only more likely to occur in Scandinavian countries where rodents carry the Puumala virus. But vomiting and nausea are common symptoms of mouse fever in children.
Mouse fever in children can be very dangerous in some cases. A correct and timely diagnosis will help you take the necessary measures to reduce the risk of complications. Although there are currently no treatments or vaccines for the virus itself.
Mouse fever- a disease caused by a virus that has life-threatening consequences. The first symptoms of fever are similar to a common cold, so diagnosing and prescribing the correct therapy in the initial stages of disease progression is very difficult.
Self-treatment using traditional medicine recipes will lead to disability, and in rare cases, death is possible. Treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires timely hospitalization in medical institutions.
The carriers of this disease are field mice and Norway rats.. Infected animals do not get sick themselves, but only spread the virus. It is excreted through the urine and feces of mice. The routes of infection by fever are divided into three types:
- Airborne dust, in which a person inhales dust containing particles with infection.
- A nutritional method in which food or liquid from the secretions of sick mice is consumed.
- Contact type, which involves contact of damaged skin with contaminated objects or rodents themselves containing the virus.
It is worth noting that fever is not transmitted between people.
The main place of introduction of the virus is the mucous membranes of the bronchi and intestines. Then it spreads throughout the body through the blood, which manifests itself as toxic effects in the patient. Subsequently, the infection enters the vascular cells, disrupting their functioning, causing hemorrhagic rashes to appear. The fever virus is eliminated from the body through the kidneys, so their tissues are also negatively affected, causing a decrease in urine production. The outcome of disease progression depends on the severity of kidney dysfunction.
During There are several successive stages in the development of infection:
During recovery, the condition of the body and the functioning of the kidneys are normalized, skin rashes and swelling disappear.
A rapid rise in body temperature and severe fever are the main symptoms of this fever. Other symptoms include migraines and frequent vomiting. Other signs appear depending on the patient’s immunity status, gender and age:
Symptoms of the oliguric stage:
- Severe dehydration.
- Kidney failure.
- Conjunctivitis.
- Anuria, that is, a complete absence of urination.
- Severe swelling of the face.
- Minor bleeding occurring under the skin that looks like a rash.
- In rare cases, clouding of reason may occur, manifested by delirium.
- Toxicological shock.
- In addition to the above signs of mouse fever, symptoms in men are supplemented by sexual dysfunction and bleeding from the gums.
When the first symptoms appear, you must immediately consult a doctor, as the disease without proper treatment is fatal.
In most cases, fever can be determined by characteristic symptoms, but in some cases, for a more accurate diagnosis, a laboratory test is performed, which includes general and biochemical blood tests, a serological test and PCR analysis.
When infected with the virus, a person is hospitalized, since therapy must be carried out under the constant supervision of an infectious disease specialist. A sick person must adhere to all instructions and recommendations of specialists, which include bed rest for 4 full weeks and a special diet with an increased dose of essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
Fever is treated exclusively with medication, but sometimes physical therapy may be prescribed. The following groups of drugs are mainly used:
- Analgesics.
- Antihistamines.
- Antipyretics.
- Isotonic solutions.
If the disease is severe, that is, severe renal failure and frequent toxic shocks, the treatment process is transferred from the regular department to the intensive care unit. Also, the standard list of drugs and procedures is supplemented by a large number of glucocorticoids, hemodialysis and blood transfusion.
Incorrect or late treatment can provoke many disorders in the functioning of organs and various body systems:
Azotemic uremia. It happens when the kidney damage is too severe. Because of this, the body begins to become poisoned with its own metabolic products. There is a constant feeling of nausea. Due to the cessation of urine secretion, the sick person stops responding to external stimuli and cannot normally perceive the environment.
Acute cardiovascular failure, which develops against the background of toxic shock. The skin takes on a bluish tint and becomes cold. The pulse reaches 160 beats per minute, and pressure readings drop sharply to 80 mm.
Hemorrhagic complications such as hemorrhages in the kidneys, which most often occur during transportation of the patient, with severe pain in the kidney area. Violation of the integrity of the kidney capsule due to improper movement, a person and severe subcutaneous bleeding in the abdominal cavity.
The appearance of pathogenic bacteria, which manifest themselves in the form of pneumonia and pyelonephritis. List the consequences of mouse fever in men are complemented by impotence due to disruption of the urinary system.
In natural foci of infection, it is quite difficult to avoid infection, since while working in the fields, hunting or hiking trips and picking mushrooms, there is a high probability of infection due to carelessness. To avoid this, it is necessary to carefully check items and food that are stored in places accessible to rodents. These products should be thoroughly washed and heat treated. Residents of rural areas are advised to wear a special protective suit before working in the fields or in the forest, which can protect against such an illness.
Prevention of mouse fever involves the destruction of all possible sources of infection, that is, rodents, cleaning the premises from grass and swampy areas, as well as preventive conversations with people at risk about how they become infected with mouse fever.
Rodents are typical carriers of diseases that are very dangerous to humans. Field and house mice often transmit hantavirus, which can cause hemorrhagic fever with severe renal syndrome. Without adequate treatment, the pathology can lead to irreversible complications and even death.
The group at particular risk of contracting the disease described includes residents of rural areas and tourism enthusiasts. How is mouse fever transmitted?
- Airborne dust method. A person inhales small particles from the feces of a rodent carrier.
- Contact. Lesions on the skin come into contact with any objects infected with the mouse fever virus.
- By nutritional route. Consumption of water or food contaminated with excrement.
After infection, 4-46 days pass until characteristic signs appear; often this stage takes 20-25 days. The mouse fever virus multiplies within the specified time and spreads throughout the body. Pathogenic cells accumulate in tissues and lymph nodes, causing early symptoms. The rate at which murine fever progresses during the incubation period depends solely on the stability of the immune system. The more actively it functions, the longer the body will fight the infection.
The clinical picture of the pathology in question has 3 stages:
- Initial. The stage lasts about 72 hours, often less. The manifestations are nonspecific, so diagnosing the virus in this period is difficult.
- Oliguric. Renal and hemorrhagic signs of murine fever occur. The stage lasts 5-11 days.
- Polyuric. The severity of the symptoms of the disease decreases, and the recovery stage begins.
The early clinical picture of this infection strongly resembles an acute respiratory disease. The first symptoms of mouse fever:
- chills;
- a sharp increase in body temperature;
- conjunctivitis;
- dry mouth;
- headache;
- weakness;
- redness of the skin on the neck and face;
Sometimes mouse fever manifests itself less acutely, periodically making itself felt with a slight cough, malaise and drowsiness. In such situations, it is often confused with a common cold and is not addressed to a specialist. After 2-3 days, these symptoms rapidly progress, and the pathology moves to the next, most severe, stage of development - oliguric.
Diagnosis of the described disease occurs when pronounced clinical signs of viral infection are observed. Mouse fever disease - symptoms of the second stage of progression:
- pain in the head, lower back and stomach;
- frequent vomiting;
- bloating;
- puffiness of facial tissues;
- pastiness of the eyelids;
- nose and eye (mild) bleeding;
- decreased heart rate and blood pressure;
- blurred vision;
- photosensitivity;
- a small volume of urine excreted, up to its complete absence;
- hemorrhagic rash;
- dry skin of the body and face;
- lethargy, apathy.
After the oliguric phase comes the polyuric phase, the last period of development of murine fever. All of the above symptoms, except weakness and drowsiness, subside, urine is excreted in increased quantities, up to 5 liters per day. Normalization of appetite and sleep indicates gradual recovery. With correct treatment of mouse fever, kidney function is completely restored.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out after a thorough examination and collection of a detailed medical history. On days 5-7 from the expected moment of infection with fever, a serological blood test, a coagulogram and a general urine test are performed, and diuresis is additionally monitored. In some cases, a search is performed for antibodies (immunoglobulin M) to the hantavirus.
Therapy for infection is developed individually and is carried out only in a hospital under the supervision of specialists. The patient is prescribed strict bed rest (up to 4 weeks) and medications. How to treat mouse fever:
- antipyretics;
- antiviral;
- painkillers;
- anti-inflammatory;
- anticoagulants (for thrombosis);
- glucocorticosteroid hormones (in severe forms).
As maintenance therapy, regular infusions with glucose (5%) and saline solution are performed, and vitamin complexes are administered intravenously. Murine fever with complications and kidney damage may require hemodialysis during the oliguric stage of progression. After the functions of the urinary system are restored, the procedures are stopped.
If the disease proceeds normally, without severe consequences and acute deterioration of renal activity, the patient is recommended to table No. 4 according to Pevzner. The following must be excluded from the diet:
- fatty and strong broths;
- soups with milk, pasta, vegetables, cereals;
- meat by-products;
- canned food;
- whole milk;
- fatty meat and fish;
- beans;
- pearl barley, millet, barley porridge;
- snacks;
- vegetables;
- sweets;
- berries, fruits and compotes, jam from them;
- fats;
- coffee, cocoa with milk;
- cold and carbonated drinks;
- dairy products;
- flour products (except for white crackers without crust).
When hemorrhagic mouse fever is accompanied by severe disruption of the urinary system, the patient’s diet in the infectious diseases department should be rich in vitamins B, C and K, and diet No. 1 is prescribed. This diet is more expanded, in this case the following are allowed:
- diet sausages;
- mild cheese;
- salads;
- lean ham;
- sturgeon caviar;
- sweet juices;
- vegetarian soups with vegetables, cereals and pasta;
- fermented milk products;
- rosehip decoction;
- coffee, tea, cocoa with milk or cream (not strong);
- sweets, except ice cream, puff pastry products and baked goods;
- yesterday's bread;
- milk soups with cereals;
- cheesecakes, baked pies and biscuits without soaking;
- boiled meat, cutlets and meatballs, soufflé and zrazy;
- beef stroganoff;
- liver and tongue (boiled);
- vermicelli, pasta with butter;
- vegetables, except mushrooms, cucumbers and any types that provoke flatulence;
- puddings;
- eggs (not fried or hard-boiled).
The main complication of hantavirus is kidney damage:
- failure;
- glomerulonephritis;
- uric acid diathesis.
Rodents are direct carriers of some diseases, including mouse fever. This will be discussed in today’s article. This disease should not be taken lightly, because it poses a very serious danger to human health and life.
It is always accompanied by kidney damage and severe intoxication of the body (with a temperature of about 40 degrees and above). This disease is considered extremely dangerous due to the development of severe complications in the absence of timely and correct treatment.
A patient with mouse fever is not contagious to other people. This infection is not transmitted from person to person. Infection with this virus can occur through nutritional or airborne droplets (aspiration).
The first option is much more common than the second. Rodent feces can pose a risk of infection if they come into contact with mucous membranes and open wounds. You can also get sick by eating food or water that is contaminated with urine or droppings. Airborne infection can be caused by inhaling dust that contains small particles of mouse excrement.
Villagers, farm workers, cleaners, and construction workers are at risk. Most often, men are affected, in the age group from sixteen to fifty years. They usually work in jobs that are at high risk. The disease is characterized by seasonal outbreaks, which usually occur from late May to mid-October.
Speaking specifically about Russian Federation, then the centers of this virus will be the Urals and partly the Volga region.
Incubation period. Its duration ranges from a week to a month and a half. If you take the arithmetic average, it will be equal to three weeks. There are no symptoms of the disease at this stage yet.
Initial stage. It is extremely short, its duration usually does not exceed three days. As a rule, the initial stage is characterized by an acute onset with high fever, severe weakness, chills, and muscle pain. There will often be complaints of severe headaches, decreased concentration and dry mouth.
Upon visual examination of such a patient, hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the face, neck and chest with elements of a rash similar to hemorrhage can be noted. In some cases, conjunctivitis may develop. A rarer option is the gradual development of the disease with the presence of a mild cough and mild malaise.
Oliguric stage. It starts from the third or fourth day from the onset of the disease. The temperature remains and will still reach fairly high levels on the thermometer. It will begin to decrease only from the sixth or seventh day of illness, in parallel with the deterioration of the patient’s general condition.
The main clinical symptom is the presence of severe pain in the abdomen and lower back, repeated vomiting, dehydration, and sleep disturbances. The skin remains hyperemic and becomes very dry. The rash becomes even more pronounced. Due to kidney damage, swelling appears on the face and anuria occurs.
Polyuric stage. Begins from the ninth to the thirteenth day of illness. The pain subsides and vomiting stops. There is a sharp increase in the daily amount of urine up to a significant excess of normal values. The patient's condition continues to be characterized by general weakness. There is practically no sleep.
Stage of recovery (convalescence). The patient's condition returns to normal, the kidneys begin to function normally, appetite appears, and the rash disappears.
In children, mouse fever is not always immediately recognizable. In childhood, it can often be asymptomatic for two or three weeks.
It is often also confused with intestinal pathologies or a cold. The difference between this virus and the later onset of abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea. Mouse fever is distinguished from colds by the complete absence of catarrhal symptoms (cough, runny nose).
The main symptoms in children will be: high fever, nosebleeds, muscle and headaches, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting.
In adults, the recovery period is much longer than in children. Sometimes it takes more than one month.
After recovery, you need to be observed by a doctor for some time, so that he can monitor whether everything is in order with your health, and whether the danger has truly completely passed.
Treatment for adults and children will be almost the same, the main difference is only in the dosages of the drugs.
An extremely important point will be compliance with strict bed rest for a period of one week to a month. The exact timing is determined by the attending physician, based on the severity of the disease. Limiting physical activity is necessary in order to reduce the risk of possible hemorrhages.
Therapy is carried out with infusion solutions (glucose solution, saline solution).
The following medications are prescribed:
- Anti-inflammatory (“Aspirin”).
- Painkillers (“Ketorol”, “Analgin”).
- Antipyretics (Nurofen, Paracetamol).
- Antiviral drugs (“Amiksin”, “Ingavirin”).
If there is a risk of blood clots, then drugs from the group of anticoagulants (Warfarin, Heparin) are added to therapy. Sometimes it becomes necessary to prescribe glucocorticoids (Prednisolone).
In order to normalize metabolism and increase immunity, vitamins C and B are prescribed.
If kidney damage is severe enough, hemodialysis may be necessary.
To make the treatment as effective as possible, a special diet is used for such patients. You need to include easily digestible foods in your diet that contain large amounts of vitamins and microelements. Food should be taken several times a day, little by little. It's better if it's warm. If you have kidney failure, you need to strictly limit yourself to proteins. It is strictly forbidden to consume citrus fruits, prunes and potatoes due to the risk of hyperkalemia.
At the beginning of the disease, you should try to drink more fluids. As mouse fever progresses, drink slightly acidified water and limit your diet.
When the symptoms subside, you can include vegetable soups and compote made from dried fruits in the menu. Then you can introduce oatmeal porridge, and even later – lean meats or poultry.
The urinary system is under great stress. If you ignore the symptoms of the disease, kidney rupture may occur.
Content
Murine or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral disease transmitted to humans from rodents through excrement. The onset of the disease resembles a cold with elevated temperature, development occurs with intoxication and kidney damage. Men bear it more severely than women.
Why is HFRS dangerous in humans?
Infection caused by hantavirus affects the vascular endothelium and leads to secondary kidney dysfunction. Dangerous health effects:
- nephritis;
- renal failure;
- pulmonary edema;
- pancreatitis;
- sepsis.
How to recognize symptoms
Mouse disease in humans appears only after an incubation period, on average 2-3 weeks after infection. Common symptoms of HFRS in adults are:
- decreased blood pressure;
- visual impairment;
- rare pulse;
- hemorrhagic rashes;
- redness on the face (as in the photo);
- rash under armpits.
The child's symptoms are similar, but they are accompanied by muscle pain and weakness. Possible manifestation of migraine. During the period of convalescence (recovery), hemostasis and kidney filtration function are normalized, and the condition improves. The stage lasts up to a year.
initial stage
The incubation period lasts from 4 to 46 days, then the first flu-like symptoms begin to appear. Their appearance is explained by the active reproduction of the virus in the body. The accumulation of pathogens occurs in the lymph nodes. The initial stage lasts 3 days, diagnosing the mouse disease during this stage is difficult. The severity of symptoms depends on the state of immunity:
- temperature increase;
- skin redness;
- hemorrhagic rash;
- chills;
- dry mouth;
- drowsiness.
Signs of mouse fever during the oliguric period
After the initial stage, the oliguric period begins, lasting 5-11 days. Its symptoms:
- nausea, vomiting, regardless of food or medication;
- bloating;
- visual impairment;
- hemorrhagic rash;
- muscle hemorrhages;
- swelling of the face.
Treatment of HFRS
- antiviral;
- anesthetics;
- against heat;
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory;
- vitamins (C, group B);
- detoxification;
- glucocorticosteroids in severe forms (hormonal agents).
The importance of diet as part of complex therapy
For treatment, a diet is added to complex drug therapy. Protein foods are eliminated from the diet. This reduces the load on the kidneys and alleviates the person’s condition.
Nutrition for mouse fever
The diet is followed from the second stage of the disease. The choice of diet depends on the severity of the disease; the smaller the lesion, the easier the restrictions.
During rehabilitation, the diet continues.
For 3-6 months, spicy, fried, spicy, salty foods and alcohol are excluded. It is important to take vitamin-mineral complexes, immunostimulating drugs, eat more dried apricots, bananas, raisins - sources of potassium.
For the typical course of mouse fever, table No. 7 according to Pevzner is used. Its basis is the limitation of protein products and salt. Easy-to-digest foods are allowed. Small meals 5-6 times a day, limit water to 1.5 liters. The duration of the diet for mouse fever is until complete recovery.
Compliance with table 7 reduces inflammation and reduces the load on the kidneys. Proteins are limited to 20-80 g, fats - 70-90 g, carbohydrates - up to 450 g. Salt is limited to 5 g.
What can you eat if you have mouse fever?
The list of permitted products is wide. These include:
- white crackers;
- salads, broths, vegetable soups;
- weak tea, coffee, sweet juices, water;
- boiled liver, meat, tongue;
- boiled eggs;
- fermented milk products, milk, butter;
- pasta;
- boiled buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina;
- dried biscuit;
- sugar;
- sour cream sauces;
- steamed low-fat fish, caviar;
- meat soufflés, meatballs;
- fruit, milk jelly.
There are many diets that have their own purposes and goals. Among them there is a menu that is attributed to people suffering from infectious diseases and on bed rest.
It is also known as the 13 table diet. Despite the fact that it has a number that frightens superstitious people, its benefits are very great.
A feature of this diet is considered to be products with a minimum content of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Recovery. And also, getting rid of intoxication from the body occurs due to fluids and vitamins, while practically no energy consumption is required to digest food.
Diet table number 13: what you can eat
Below are the food products on which this Table 13 diet menu is based:
- vegetables. These are potatoes, carrots, beets, tomatoes, steamed or pureed. You cannot use cabbage, onions, garlic;
- meat and fish. This includes low-fat varieties: rabbit, chicken, veal. It is better not to use pork. You can make cutlets and steamed meatballs from meat, meatballs, and also cook low-fat broth. The fish can be eaten either in the form of cutlets or as a whole piece baked in foil; it also makes a good fat;
- eggs. Here you will have to forget about fried eggs and hard-boiled eggs. But steamed or soft-boiled omelettes are allowed;
- dairy. Low-fat kefir, ayran, low-fat milk, as well as cottage cheese and lean cheese are all permitted products. You can also use a little 15 percent sour cream;
- cereals The smaller the better. It can be semolina porridge, ground or grated rice or buckwheat. Barley, corn, peas and other legumes should be avoided;
- fruits. Soft ripe fruits are allowed, apples must be baked, and it is better to avoid pears and plums. You can make jellies, juices, compotes from fruits;
- beverages. Water is the main substance of our body. Therefore, you need to drink a lot, and clean water. As for drinks, juices diluted with water, compotes, green tea and even weak coffee are allowed. You cannot drink carbonated drinks, cocoa, and, of course, alcohol;
- flour products. Bread can only be eaten dried, that is, “yesterday’s” bread. wheat flour. As for buns and other baked goods, they are prohibited. Only biscuits are allowed.
Diet menu 13 table
The daily diet should be divided into 5-6 meals, preferably a little at a time, but often, so keep in mind that the portion size should be 1.5-2 times smaller than usual. You should try to drink water half an hour before and after meals, this also applies to tea, compote and other drinks. The amount of salt is minimal; hot spices cannot be used. Mayonnaise and ketchups are also unacceptable. Steamed or boiled dishes predominate.
Here is an approximate diet menu for the 13th table:
- start the day with semolina porridge, cooked with the addition of low-fat milk and sugar;
- for second breakfast there is a slice of bread with jam or a piece of low-fat cheese;
- lunch will consist of vegetable puree soup with meat broth, boiled noodles with steamed chicken cutlet and vegetable salad;
- for an afternoon snack you can eat a baked apple and a little low-fat cottage cheese;
- dinner will consist of a piece of baked fish and mashed potatoes;
- Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir.
During this diet, it is necessary to remove all foods that can cause an increase in metabolism, for example, legumes, as well as those that create constipation or, conversely, “relax” the intestines. Food should be as simple as possible, so that the body does not spend much effort digesting it.
You should not eat foods rich in sodium and potassium (smoked foods, pickles, fruits, table salt itself). During the period of restoration of kidney function (with an increase in the amount of urine), the opposite is true.
You can't eat cat food - it's undignified - it's a mouse disease, and cat food is brrr
Mouse fever - how to protect yourself from a dangerous infection?
Rodents are typical carriers of diseases that are very dangerous to humans. Field and house mice often transmit hantavirus, which can cause hemorrhagic fever with severe renal syndrome. Without adequate treatment, the pathology can lead to irreversible complications and even death.
Mouse fever - how can you get infected?
The group at particular risk of contracting the disease described includes residents of rural areas and tourism enthusiasts. How is mouse fever transmitted?
- Airborne dust method. A person inhales small particles from the feces of a rodent carrier.
- Contact. Lesions on the skin come into contact with any objects infected with the mouse fever virus.
- By nutritional route. Consumption of water or food contaminated with excrement.
Incubation period for mouse fever
After infection, it takes 4-46 days for characteristic signs to appear, often this stage takes a day. The mouse fever virus multiplies within the specified time and spreads throughout the body. Pathogenic cells accumulate in tissues and lymph nodes, causing early symptoms. The rate at which murine fever progresses during the incubation period depends solely on the stability of the immune system. The more actively it functions, the longer the body will fight the infection.
Mouse fever - symptoms
The clinical picture of the pathology in question has 3 stages:
- Initial. The stage lasts about 72 hours, often less. The manifestations are nonspecific, so diagnosing the virus in this period is difficult.
- Oliguric. Renal and hemorrhagic signs of murine fever occur. The stage lasts 5-11 days.
- Polyuric. The severity of the symptoms of the disease decreases, and the recovery stage begins.
The first signs of mouse fever
The early clinical picture of this infection strongly resembles an acute respiratory disease. The first symptoms of mouse fever:
Sometimes mouse fever manifests itself less acutely, periodically making itself felt with a slight cough, malaise and drowsiness. In such situations, it is often confused with a common cold and is not addressed to a specialist. After 2-3 days, these symptoms rapidly progress, and the pathology moves to the next, most severe, stage of development - oliguric.
Mouse fever test
Diagnosis of the described disease occurs when pronounced clinical signs of viral infection are observed. Mouse fever disease - symptoms of the second stage of progression:
- pain in the head, lower back and stomach;
- frequent vomiting;
- bloating;
- puffiness of facial tissues;
- pastiness of the eyelids;
- nose and eye (mild) bleeding;
- decreased heart rate and blood pressure;
- blurred vision;
- photosensitivity;
- a small volume of urine excreted, up to its complete absence;
- hemorrhagic rash;
- dry skin of the body and face;
- lethargy, apathy.
After the oliguric phase comes the polyuric phase, the last period of development of murine fever. All of the above symptoms, except weakness and drowsiness, subside, urine is excreted in increased quantities, up to 5 liters per day. Normalization of appetite and sleep indicates gradual recovery. With correct treatment of mouse fever, kidney function is completely restored.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out after a thorough examination and collection of a detailed medical history. On days 5-7 from the expected moment of infection with fever, a serological blood test, a coagulogram and a general urine test are performed, and diuresis is additionally monitored. In some cases, a search is performed for antibodies (immunoglobulin M) to the hantavirus.
Mouse fever - treatment
Therapy for infection is developed individually and is carried out only in a hospital under the supervision of specialists. The patient is prescribed strict bed rest (up to 4 weeks) and medications. How to treat mouse fever:
- antipyretics;
- antiviral;
- painkillers;
- anti-inflammatory;
- anticoagulants (for thrombosis);
- glucocorticosteroid hormones (in severe forms).
As maintenance therapy, regular infusions with glucose (5%) and saline solution are performed, and vitamin complexes are administered intravenously. Murine fever with complications and kidney damage may require hemodialysis during the oliguric stage of progression. After the functions of the urinary system are restored, the procedures are stopped.
Diet for mouse fever
If the disease proceeds normally, without severe consequences and acute deterioration of renal activity, the patient is recommended to table No. 4 according to Pevzner. The following must be excluded from the diet:
- fatty and strong broths;
- soups with milk, pasta, vegetables, cereals;
- meat by-products;
- canned food;
- whole milk;
- fatty meat and fish;
- beans;
- pearl barley, millet, barley porridge;
- snacks;
- vegetables;
- sweets;
- berries, fruits and compotes, jam from them;
- fats;
- coffee, cocoa with milk;
- cold and carbonated drinks;
- dairy products;
- flour products (except for white crackers without crust).
When hemorrhagic mouse fever is accompanied by severe disruption of the urinary system, the patient’s diet in the infectious diseases department should be rich in vitamins B, C and K, and diet No. 1 is prescribed. This diet is more expanded, in this case the following are allowed:
- diet sausages;
- mild cheese;
- salads;
- lean ham;
- sturgeon caviar;
- sweet juices;
- vegetarian soups with vegetables, cereals and pasta;
- fermented milk products;
- rosehip decoction;
- coffee, tea, cocoa with milk or cream (not strong);
- sweets, except ice cream, puff pastry products and baked goods;
- yesterday's bread;
- milk soups with cereals;
- cheesecakes, baked pies and biscuits without soaking;
- boiled meat, cutlets and meatballs, soufflé and zrazy;
- beef stroganoff;
- liver and tongue (boiled);
- vermicelli, pasta with butter;
- vegetables, except mushrooms, cucumbers and any types that provoke flatulence;
- puddings;
- eggs (not fried or hard-boiled).
Mouse fever - consequences
The main complication of hantavirus is kidney damage:
Mouse fever disease sometimes provokes more dangerous consequences:
- pulmonary edema;
- cerebral hemorrhages;
- myocarditis;
- abscesses;
- pancreatitis;
- chronic kidney failure or inflammation.
Mouse fever - prevention
It is easy to prevent infection with the virus in question if you exclude direct and indirect contact with rodents. It is a mistake to believe that mouse fever is transmitted from person to person. Hantavirus can only be contracted from animals, so it is important:
- Protect food and water sources.
- Wash your hands before every meal.
- Do not eat food damaged by mice.
- Thermally process products.
- Check all food stored in cellars or other places accessible to rodents.
- Do not come into contact with animal waste products.
Copying information is permitted only with a direct and indexed link to the source
Mouse fever symptoms and treatment
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), better known as “mouse fever,” is an acute viral infectious disease.
The carriers of the pathogen are rodents - field mice, rats, bats, but the bank vole is recognized as the main carrier. A person can become infected through airborne dust.
Wooded areas are particularly dangerous, where the risk of infection is extremely high.
Rural residents, foresters, mushroom pickers, fishermen and lovers of outdoor recreation are at risk. It is worth noting that the disease is not transmitted from person to person.
Ways of infection with mouse fever
Few of us adore mice, which live in their holes and come out from there in search of their food, when everything around is calm and there are no people nearby. Having found food for their food, they not only spoil and gnaw it, they thereby spread the causative agent of a dangerous disease.
Mouse fever is an acute viral disease caused by voles, house mice, and Norway rats. Rodents themselves do not get sick, but they can transmit the pathogen to inheritance. The virus is released into the external environment through the excrement of rodents. Given the recent increase in the population of mouse-like rodents, the possibility of contracting mouse fever is increasing.
Among the routes of infection, doctors identify the following:
- Airborne dust route - when inhaling dust containing viruses in dried rodent excrement;
- Alimentary route - when consuming food or water that is contaminated with secretions containing viruses;
- Contact route - through direct contact of damaged human skin with objects contaminated with excrement containing viruses, or through direct contact with infected rodents.
Very often, infection occurs when sweeping the floor in forest lodges, when cleaning basements and sheds, or when eating contaminated water or food.
A sick person is not dangerous to others, since the disease is not transmitted from person to person.
Symptoms of mouse fever
The duration of the incubation period can be on the order of 7-46 days, but the most common period is days. The initial period, oligouric (characterized by hemorrhagic and renal manifestations), the polyuric period and the period of convalescence are those actual periods of the disease that characterize murine fever. Symptoms of mouse fever in children appear gradually, and their first manifestations can be noticed only on the fifteenth or even twentieth day after the infection occurred. Among them are the following:
- Temperature increase up to 40°C;
- Muscle pain, joint pain;
- Chills;
- Nausea with alternating vomiting;
- Frequent migraines;
- Deterioration of vision;
- Severe gum bleeding, as well as nosebleeds.
As for adults, mouse fever has symptoms of a similar nature, the general appearance of which is presented as follows:
- Temperature about 40°C;
- Severe headaches;
- Increased sensitivity to light exposure, as well as pain in the eye area;
- Blurriness of surrounding objects, a feeling of a “grid” before the eyes;
- Rare pulse;
- Decreased blood pressure;
- Redness of the skin in the neck, face, eyes;
- The appearance of small rash spots on the 3-4th day of the disease, which are concentrated in the area of the sides of the body and armpits;
- Eye hemorrhages;
- Nosebleeds;
- Nausea and frequent vomiting.
Initial period. Its duration is 1-3 days, it is characterized by a rather acute onset. The temperature, as we have already indicated, reaches about 40°C, often accompanied by chills. A headache occurs that is quite severe in its manifestation, the patient’s condition is accompanied by dry mouth and general weakness. Examination reveals signs of skin hyperemia (neck, face, upper thoracic regions), conjunctivitis occurs, and in some cases a hemorrhagic rash appears.
2-4 – 8-11 days of illness. As with the previous period, the disease is characterized by elevated temperature, which lasts up to 4-7 days. A decrease in temperature does not lead to an improvement in the general condition; moreover, it may even worsen. Typical manifestations for this period are lower back pain with varying degrees of severity. With the onset of lumbar pain, vomiting also occurs (6-8 or more times a day), and it is not associated with the use of medications or food. Abdominal pain and often bloating also occur. A characteristic manifestation of the disease is expressed in kidney damage, which causes puffiness of the face, a positive symptom of Oliguria, and pasty eyelids.
9-13 days. The period is polyuric. Vomiting stops, pain in the abdomen and lower back gradually disappears, appetite and sleep return to normal, and the daily amount of urine excreted increases. Dry mouth and weakness persist, the recovery period begins gradually, over the course of days.
Diagnosis of mouse fever
Treatment of mouse fever
For mouse fever, treatment is exclusively inpatient. If you experience symptoms that are similar to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, do not self-medicate under any circumstances, as you can only harm yourself. Be sure to contact an infectious disease specialist.
Like most infectious pathologies, treatment of mouse fever is symptomatic. Therapy is carried out in a hospital setting with the participation of specially trained personnel. The basis of the treatment regimen is limiting movements and ensuring rest throughout the entire illness, including during the recovery period. This is because there is a high risk of hemorrhage, bleeding and blood clots. The duration of bed rest depends on the severity of the disease: for a mild form it should be about a week, for a moderate form it should be 2-3 weeks, and for a severe form it should be 3-4 weeks. The duration of bed rest is required until complete recovery. The success of treatment depends on early contact with a specialist. During treatment, it is important to properly care for the patient, carefully monitor the condition of the skin and mucous membranes, blood pressure levels, daily diuresis and stool character.
Various antiviral drugs are prescribed, such as Amixin, Lavomax, etc. Antipyretics help reduce fever. Most often it is paracetamol and nurofen. If the patient has severe pain, it is necessary to administer painkillers, for example, ketorol or analgin. All medications should be prescribed and discontinued only by a doctor. Infusion therapy with glucose and saline is widely used. Vitamins C and group B will help improve metabolism and the functioning of the immune system. If necessary, the patient is prescribed hormonal medications (dexamethasone, prednisolone, etc.). If blood clotting disorders are observed, anticoagulants are indicated - heparin, warfarin.
For hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a variety of methods for removing toxic substances are used - oral and intravenous administration of saline solutions, the use of sorbents. In severe cases, there is a need for hemodialysis.
An important component of treatment is balanced diet patients. The food should be easily digestible and contain sufficient amounts of proteins and vitamins. Meals should be divided into 4-5 meals, the food should be warm, but in no case hot. Vegetables (carrots, beets, cabbage) are recommended to be served pureed. With severe manifestations of acute renal failure, the amount of protein is limited, as well as fruits and vegetables that contain a lot of potassium (prunes, citrus fruits, potatoes) due to the risk of hyperkalemia and azotemia. In the first days of mouse fever, when there are no renal dysfunctions, drinking plenty of fluids (mineral waters, fruit drinks, fruit juices, teas). During the period of acute manifestations, nutrition should be parenteral; during the recovery period, a light plant-milk diet enriched with vitamins that strengthen the walls of blood vessels - C, K, PP - is recommended.
After recovery, the patient is observed for a long time by a therapist and an infectious disease specialist. Immunity remains for life, so repeated cases of mouse fever are excluded.
Traditional methods of treating mouse fever
Treatment of murine fever with folk remedies is largely aimed at reducing kidney damage6
- Flax seeds. 1 tsp. seeds, pour 200 ml of water, bring to a boil, cool and filter. Drink half a glass every 2 hours. This treatment lasts 2 days;
- Birch. For 400 ml of boiling water, take 100 g of crushed young birch leaves. The drug is infused in a thermos for 6 hours, after which it is filtered. Drink half a glass of infusion 3 times a day;
- Cowberry. For 1 glass of boiling water take 2 tbsp. l. crushed leaves of this plant. The drug is kept in a water bath for 30 minutes, then cooled and consumed half a glass 3 times a day;
- Blue cornflower. For 400 ml of boiling water take 1 tbsp. l. cornflower-colored, leave for half an hour, then filter. Drink the decoction half an hour before meals. The entire volume of the drug is drunk during the day. Horsetail. For 200 ml of boiling water take 2 tsp. herbs, leave for 1 hour, then filter. During the day you need to drink the entire infusion;
- Orthosiphon. For 200 ml of boiling water take 3 g of dried crushed leaves of this plant. The drug is boiled for 5 minutes, then infused for 4 hours. Take half a glass warm twice a day before meals. This decoction is a potent diuretic;
- A series. For 1 liter of boiling water take 4 tbsp. l. chopped grass. Leave for 8 hours, then filter. Drink half a glass of infusion 3 times a day;
- Corn silk and honey. 10 g of crushed corn silks are poured into ½ cup of boiling water and left for 1 hour, then filtered. Cool the broth and add 2 tsp. honey Drink 1-3 tbsp. l. decoction every 3 hours. Treatment lasts 5 days;
- Buckwheat. The flowering tops of this plant have a healing effect. For 1 liter of water, take 40 g of crushed buckwheat grass, boil for 5 minutes, then cool, filter and drink throughout the day. This remedy prevents the manifestation of hemorrhages in thrombohemorrhagic syndrome;
- Geranium. A decoction of the roots of this plant is useful for hemorrhages. For 1 l. water take 4 fresh roots of fragrant geranium. The roots are washed, chopped and boiled for 20 minutes, then cooled and filtered. Drink ½ cup of decoction every 20 minutes throughout the day. Treatment lasts until the patient's condition improves;
- Currant. Freshly prepared currant juice is useful for thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. Drink 50–150 ml of juice three times a day.
Complications of mouse fever
The possibility of developing complications with mouse fever is very high. Infectious influence can cause:
There are known cases of complications with the manifestation of meningoencephalitic symptoms.
With a mild to moderate clinical picture of the disease and timely treatment, the prognosis is good and life is not in danger. Mortality can be caused by untimely treatment and, as a consequence, the development of complicated processes.
There are no measures that will completely avoid contracting mouse fever. The most effective way is to protect food and water from rodents using closed containers.
In addition, contact with rodents must be avoided. For rural residents, it is recommended to regularly carry out deratization. Such measures will reduce the risk of infection to a minimum.
Mouse fever is a dangerous disease, therefore, when the first signs of intoxication of the body appear, which do not disappear within two days, you need to seek qualified medical help.
Mouse flu: symptoms and treatment
Mouse flu or mouse fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by rodents - field and house mice, various types of rats. Such an infection can have very sad consequences for a person if it enters his body. Lack of treatment can even lead to death, serious damage to the kidneys and other internal organs. It is necessary to know the first signs of the disease, preventive measures and the most effective methods of treatment in order to be able to get rid of the infection as quickly as possible.
What you need to know about mouse fever?
The carriers of the virus are mostly voles, but there are also cases of infection after the bite of house mice, and Norway rats are also dangerous. It is noteworthy that animals themselves do not get sick with any flu, they only carry the virus and infect humans with it.
Infection can occur in different ways:
- By airborne dust. The virus is inhaled by a person along with dust that contains the infection.
- Eating food or water that already contains the virus.
- Bite by an infected mouse or rat.
- Ordinary contact with an infected animal.
Unfortunately, it is not always possible to recognize the disease at an early stage, since the symptoms resemble those of a common ARVI or flu. Experts recommend immediately consulting a doctor if, after contact with the above-mentioned animals or a bite from them, you feel unwell, have a fever, etc.
This kind of flu threatens that a person can die from infection, so you need to take a responsible approach to treating this disease.
Symptoms
Signs of the flu usually appear suddenly:
- Dizziness and headache appear.
- The temperature rises sharply to 40 degrees.
- The skin becomes covered with a small red rash.
- Sensitivity to light increases.
- The entire skin in the face and neck area turns red.
- Nosebleeds are observed.
- A “grid” appears before the eyes.
- Excessive weakness and poor health for no apparent reason.
- Pain in the abdomen and lower back.
- Kidney failure may develop.
As you can see, the symptoms are quite serious, although many of them may not appear immediately, but over time, later after infection. It is important to immediately seek qualified help before the course of the disease becomes more complicated.
The initial period of the disease is considered the most difficult. In the first days of infection, the temperature rises sharply, chills and fever appear, all this can be accompanied by delirium and even hallucinations. A person experiences general weakness, dry mouth, a skin rash appears, and signs of conjunctivitis are observed.
Further symptoms of mouse flu appear during 4-11 days of illness. In some cases, vomiting and lower back pain occur; even if the body temperature returns to normal, the patient’s general condition does not improve. During this period, kidney damage may occur, which causes swelling of the face.
In the following days, if the flu is treated well, its symptoms begin to gradually disappear. Vomiting stops, headaches and abdominal discomfort disappear, and the kidneys begin to function properly.
Prevention measures
In most cases, mouse flu is infected by those people who spend a lot of time hunting, fishing, or doing agricultural work. There are no specific preventive measures, but you can protect yourself from infection by being attentive to your hobby and adhering to basic hygiene rules.
The following methods will significantly reduce the risk of contracting mouse fever:
- It is necessary to protect food from rodents when outdoors. To do this, food is placed high above the ground so that field mice cannot get close to it.
- Products that have been stored in basements for a long time should be thoroughly washed. The virus is quickly destroyed when exposed to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
- You should not go into the thicket of the forest, where there is a large concentration of all kinds of rodents.
- Disinfect basements more often. If you store bedding at your dacha, you need to wash it well and dry it in the sun.
- Remove garbage from your dacha in a timely manner, because a large accumulation of garbage is an ideal condition for the life of rodents.
You can protect yourself from the flu, you just need to be a little more attentive to your lifestyle. Also try to ensure that your living space is always clean and tidy, and when outdoors, thoroughly wash food before consuming it.
Treatment
Before talking about the most effective treatment methods, it is worth mentioning the possible consequences of fever, because it is really dangerous to human life and health:
Surely no one would want to face such complications, so treatment must be taken seriously.
Initially, a diagnosis is required. To do this, you need to contact an infectious disease specialist who examines the patient and prescribes additional laboratory tests.
The main feature of the treatment is that it takes place in an inpatient setting in the infectious diseases department of the hospital. Initially, bed rest, various anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, and antiviral medications are prescribed. Treatment must be comprehensive; infusion therapy is used, which consists of introducing special solutions into the bloodstream in order to correct pathological losses in the body.
Mouse flu is a very unpleasant and even complex disease due to the inability to detect it in the first days of infection. However, after making an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, you can forget about the disease and its manifestations forever.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or “mouse fever” (symptoms are described below) is an acute viral natural focal disease characterized by fever, general intoxication, and a kind of kidney damage. It is dangerous because if treatment is not started in time, the disease will attack the kidneys and can even lead to death. The disease begins suddenly - the temperature rises sharply to several degrees, and the head hurts severely. On days 3-4, a skin rash in the form of small hemorrhages may appear. Bleeding from the gums and nose occurs. Due to kidney damage, pain appears in the lower back and abdomen.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or “mouse fever” (symptoms are described below) is an acute viral natural focal disease characterized by fever, general intoxication, and a kind of kidney damage. It is dangerous because if treatment is not started in time, the disease will attack the kidneys and can even lead to death. Read completely
Diary of Sasha Pyatakov:
- who knows the list of groups well
- About emotional unrest.
- For everyone who lives next to mice.
- our weekend
- about everything.
Comments:
No comments yet.
Video insertion
You can upload your video to our website Videoreka.ru and paste it into your entry; to do this, copy the code under the video and paste it into the form below.
To add this video to your article, copy and paste the following code where you want it in the text.
Mouse fever - what is it?
Many diseases that exist today are caused by infections. One of the types of diseases of an infectious nature are natural focal ones. Their features include the fact that they are distributed over a limited area, under certain conditions, and animals act as carriers. Mouse fever is a disease of a natural focal nature, the causative agent of which is a virus transmitted by rodents. Scientifically known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The virus was first isolated from field mice in Korea back in 1976. The disease is dangerous due to its complications, which include kidney damage. In advanced cases, the consequence of mouse fever can be fatal.
How does infection occur?
Mice and rats are carriers of the disease. The virus is released into the human environment through animal excrement. There are several ways you can become infected with mouse fever. These include:
- Aerosol or airborne dust (via inhaled dust containing infected rodent secretions);
- Nutritional (you can become infected through food and water containing contaminated excrement);
- Contact (the virus is transmitted through human contact with a rodent or an object contaminated by it).
Infection with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurs mainly through airborne dust. The disease is diagnosed in adults much more often than in children, and in men more often than in women. According to statistics, the disease mainly affects men from 15 to 50 years old. Residents of rural areas are most susceptible to it, since virus carriers are less common in the city. The virus is not transmitted between people. Mouse fever is a seasonal disease that can be contracted in the spring and autumn.
Signs and course of the disease
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome progresses in stages. Signs and symptoms of the disease vary depending on its stage. There are 4 periods of the disease:
- The first period is incubation. It begins from the moment the virus enters the body and lasts, as a rule, from a week to a month. There are no signs of the disease yet.
- The second period proceeds quickly (up to 3 days). Symptoms such as very high body temperature, weakness, headache, chills, irritation in the neck and face, and sometimes a rash appear.
- The third period is oligouric. Replaces the second period and brings new symptoms to the disease. The main signs of this stage: vomiting, pain in the back and abdomen, swelling of the face, a decrease in the number of urinations, severe rash and redness.
- The fourth period is polyuric. Occurs if the patient has received proper and timely treatment. Signs of the previous stage gradually disappear: vomiting stops, swelling subsides, the rash goes away and urination returns to normal.
Mouse fever is dangerous because its symptoms are similar to other diseases, for example, acute respiratory infections or intestinal infections. If adequate treatment is not provided, the risk of complications for the patient is very high.
Particular attention should be paid to the symptoms of mouse fever in children. The child's body is more sensitive to the virus than the body of adults. The incubation stage proceeds faster. Symptoms characteristic of the second and third periods are expressed brighter and more intense. They can appear less than a week after a child comes into contact with rodents. Bleeding gums may be added to the symptoms of the disease described above. An elevated temperature can also cause nosebleeds. Despite the fact that mouse fever is a rare disease in children, parents need to be extremely careful. The first suspicions should be a signal to contact a pediatrician in order to prevent the dangerous consequences of the disease.
Diagnosis of mouse fever
In order to diagnose the disease, the presence of factors such as:
- Contact of the patient with rodents or objects infected with the virus;
- Being in an area where virus carriers live (rural area, field, summer cottage, etc.);
- The change in stages of the disease, the presence of its signs and symptoms, characteristic of mouse fever;
- A sharp increase in body temperature for unknown reasons.
When diagnosing a disease in a laboratory, a doctor prescribes a number of tests, which include:
- Polymerase chain reaction is a method for detecting viruses that allows you to identify the genetic materials of the pathogen in the blood;
- Enzyme immunosorbent test is an analysis that determines the presence in the patient’s blood of special antibodies intended to combat the pathogen;
- Complete blood count (a low platelet count should cause suspicion);
- General urine test (if the disease occurs, red blood cells and protein will be detected);
- Biochemical blood test (will help identify kidney problems);
- Stool analysis (blood found in stool indicates bleeding in the digestive system).
For diagnostic purposes, a blood clotting test, ultrasound, electrocardiography and chest x-ray may be prescribed. Treatment of the disease is carried out by a therapist and an infectious disease specialist. You may also need to contact an epidemiologist.
Treatment of mouse fever
Treatment of hemorrhagic fever is carried out only in a hospital setting. As with other infectious diseases, it is based on eliminating symptoms. A necessary condition is rest and bed rest for the entire period of treatment, even at the recovery stage.
Restricting movement is necessary to reduce the risk of hemorrhage and blood clots that are characteristic of murine fever. How long bed rest should last is determined by the doctor, taking into account the severity of the disease. If the patient’s condition does not cause concern, a week will be enough, but in case of advanced disease, he will have to stay in bed for about a month. The sooner the diagnosis is made and treatment begins, the faster and more successful the recovery will be. Inpatient monitoring should include daily checking of the condition of the mucous membranes and skin, monitoring body temperature, blood pressure and frequency of urination.
Treatment is carried out with antiviral agents. Medications that reduce fever help relieve fever. If the patient experiences severe pain in the lumbar area or abdomen, the doctor prescribes painkillers. In the fight against the disease, the administration of glucose and saline solution through a dropper is widely used. To normalize metabolism and increase immunity, vitamins C and B are prescribed. If necessary, the patient undergoes hormonal therapy. Impaired blood clotting is eliminated by anticoagulants.
Treatment for murine fever includes plasma or albumin transfusions. If the disease has led to significant damage to the kidneys, a blood purification procedure using an “artificial kidney” apparatus is necessary. After completion of treatment and complete recovery of the patient, long-term observation by a doctor is required. A person who has had hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome acquires immunity that prevents re-infection.
Nutrition for illness
The correct diet of a patient with mouse fever is an integral element of successful treatment. Products should be easy to digest and rich in proteins, microelements and vitamins. Meals should be divided (5-6 times a day). Food must be served warm. Hot and cold foods should be avoided.
If the patient has acute renal failure, protein intake should be limited.
You should not eat potatoes, prunes and a lot of citrus fruits, as their high potassium content can cause hyperkalemia and azotemia. At the initial stage of the disease, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids. During an exacerbation, parenteral nutrition is used so as not to burden the gastrointestinal tract.
In the second and third stages of mouse fever, you should limit your diet as much as possible in the usual way, since digestion is difficult due to disturbances in the production of gastric juice. Water acidified with lemon juice, to which you can add a little sugar, is useful. When reducing the symptoms of the disease, the patient will benefit from watery vegetable soup without fat and potatoes, juices, dried fruit compotes (the amount of sugar is minimal). Next, the diet includes semolina oatmeal and rice porridge. First they are boiled in water, then in milk. Then they start eating lean meat, boiled eggs, jacket potatoes, lean parts of poultry. The basic rule of nutrition for mouse fever is to eat the simplest food possible, easy to digest and not overload the stomach. Comprehensive treatment, including following a diet, will bear fruit in the form of a quick recovery.
Prevention of mouse fever
Prevention of the disease is based on limiting contact with virus carriers and contaminated objects. Preventive measures include:
- Extermination of rats and mice in areas where the virus is spreading;
- When working in rooms where there is a lot of dust and rodents (warehouses, barns), use respirators and cotton-gauze bandages;
- Protection from virus carriers in areas where food is stored.
People living in rural areas or having a summer cottage outside the city should follow the following rules:
- Regularly ventilate the room and carry out wet cleaning;
- After a long absence, disinfect;
- Do not leave open access to drinks and food (store them in tightly closed containers);
- Avoid accumulation of waste and debris that attracts rats and mice;
- To kill rodents, use only certified preparations.
There is no vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, so prevention is based solely on cleanliness and caution. Preventive measures are simple and easy to implement; knowledge and compliance with them will help avoid dangerous infection.
Complications of the disease
Infection with mouse fever if not properly treated can lead to dangerous consequences in both adults and children. Most of all, this disease affects the kidneys, disrupting their functioning. If you ignore the symptoms of the disease, you can cause the kidney to rupture.
With mouse fever, the urinary system suffers and nephritis occurs. The disease can lead to inflammation and swelling of the lungs, diseases of the cardiovascular system, and problems with potency in men. In some cases, after hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, disturbances in brain activity, pancreatitis, and myocarditis occur. The listed complications arise both independently of each other and together. The consequences of neglecting the signs of mouse fever in a child are:
- Inflammatory processes of the lining of the heart;
- Infection of the heart valves;
- Inflammatory process of the heart sac;
- Inflammation of the membranes of the brain;
- Inflammation of the parotid gland.
As a rule, timely measures taken allow you to avoid serious consequences, but observation and control by a doctor are necessary even after recovery. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is very common, which is explained by the extensive habitat of the virus carriers. In order to avoid infection, you need to know and follow precautions and not neglect prevention. If there was a risk of infection and suspicious symptoms began to appear, you should immediately contact a specialist.
Following these simple rules will help you maintain your health and avoid complications.
The “table No. 13” diet promotes recovery processes during or after acute infections by introducing a reduced-calorie diet. It reduces the level of fats, carbohydrates and increases the amount of vitamins received by the body by eating certain foods throughout the day.
Diet features
In what case is it prescribed:
- Acute infectious diseases.
- Pneumonia.
- Postoperative period, excluding operations of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Purulent diseases of the lungs, trachea, larynx.
- Bronchitis.
Rules.
- The diet is varied, you can eat a large number of different foods: milk, spices, sweets and other foodstuffs, however, you need to limit the consumption of vegetables rich in fiber.
- Meals should be at least 6 times a day, at equal time intervals.
- Much attention is paid to the way food is prepared. When cooking food, stick to steaming and boiling only.
- It is better to cook using vegetable or olive oil.
- Stewed, fried, baked foods are prohibited.
- The duration of the diet is a maximum of two weeks.
- Drink at least two liters of water per day.
You need to eat the following foods:
- Bread is allowed, including flour products and savory baked goods. But the bread must be dried, in the form of crackers.
- Flour of the highest or first grade.
- Low-fat soups, broths, with the addition of meat, cereals, noodles.
- Lean meat, poultry, fish without skin and pureed.
- Minced meat products: cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, etc.
- Kefir, milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, low-calorie cheese.
- Liquid viscous porridges: semolina, rice, rolled oats, oatmeal, millet.
- Soft-boiled eggs, omelet.
- Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower, beets, zucchini, tomatoes. All this is served as a side dish, boiled or steamed.
- Fruits are not hard, boiled, steamed in the form of mousses, purees, juices, compotes, fruit drinks, jelly.
- Jam, jelly, marmalade, jam.
- Weak tea, coffee with milk, rosehip tincture.
- Sugar.
- Food with the addition of yeast is indicated for people with purulent diseases; add yeast to the first and second courses for this disease.
Prohibited products:
- Fresh white and rye bread.
- Spicy and fatty foods. This applies to meat (lamb, pork), fermented milk products, sour cream, cream.
- Fruits rich in fiber.
- White cabbage.
- Spicy cheese.
- Fatty soups, borscht, cabbage soup.
- Sauces, mayonnaise, ketchup.
- Radish, radish.
- Corn, pearl barley.
- Onion garlic.
- Cucumbers.
- Legumes: peas, beans, beans.
- Sausage, ham, smoked meats, salted fish.
- Canned food (fish, meat).
- Alcoholic drinks.
- Chocolate, cakes.
- Pasta.
Chemical composition.
It is in this ratio that the diet should be observed.
- 30% easily digestible carbohydrates from 300-350 grams of carbohydrate norm.
- 75-80 grams of proteins, of which 70% should be animal proteins.
- 60-70 grams fat. 15% of the norm vegetable fats.
- Salt 10 g.
- Water more than 2 liters.
Judging by the reviews of doctors, dietary table 13 has a beneficial effect on the patient, it involves the activation of restoration processes, the treatment of purulent tissue formations, and also strengthens the immune system.
Menu
Now is the time to announce the menu for the first week of the diet. In the second week, you can already create your own menu based on recommendations, rules, or repeat the one presented by us. The menu will be compiled based on the rule of six meals per day.
Monday.
- Semolina porridge with milk. Boil 50 grams of semolina with half a glass of milk in a saucepan, add a pinch of salt and sugar. Berry juice.
- Applesauce. Take one medium apple, peel and seeds, and pass through a meat grinder.
- Steamed turkey cutlets and shredded cauliflower leaves.
- Three tablespoons of any jam and weak mint tea.
- Greenling soup with the addition of potatoes and herbs.
- A glass of kefir with zero fat content.
Tuesday.
- A soft-boiled egg, a dried piece of first-grade white bread. A glass of milk with low fat content (1-1.5‰). Berry syrup.
- 200 grams of marmalade. It is advisable to prepare it at home. We will tell you about this in the “Recipes” section.
- Vegetable stew from zucchini, potatoes, tomato, bell pepper. One piece of all ingredients.
- Make a compote of berries and apples.
- Vermicelli soup. One dried piece of bread.
- Kissel.
Wednesday.
- A glass of milk, spread the toast with a thin layer of strawberry jam.
- Bowl of fresh berries.
- 300 grams of cauliflower cabbage rolls and minced chicken. In addition, prepare mashed potatoes.
- Soft pear soufflé.
- Boiled pike, carrot puree.
- A couple of baked apples in the oven.
Thursday.
- Sandwiches made from dried bread and cheese, you can bake them in the oven.
- Orange jelly.
- Steamed chicken balls sprinkled with grated cheese.
- Rice pudding.
- Lentil porridge.
- A glass of kefir.
Friday.
- Oatmeal with milk or water.
- Banana pudding.
- Boiled veal, pumpkin puree.
- 5 plums
- Cottage cheese casserole.
- Puree soup with croutons.
Saturday.
- Porridge "Friendship". Wash 50 g of millet and 50 g of rice, pour in 300 ml of milk, make porridge, add a teaspoon of sugar. Wash the peach, remove the pit, cut into slices, and add to the porridge. Green tea.
- Currant jelly.
- Cook pollock cooked in a steamer and garnish with lettuce leaves.
- A couple of nectarines.
- Squash caviar.
- Boiled chicken without skin.
Sunday.
- Season 200 g of cottage cheese with low-fat sour cream. Orange juice.
- Cottage cheese with jam.
- Steamed flounder. Rosehip infusion.
- Berry cocktail. Using a mixer, beat 150 g of wild berries and 100 ml of milk.
- Vinaigrette of boiled beets, carrots, potatoes, season everything with sunflower oil.
- A couple of bananas.
Recipes
To please yourself, you can prepare interesting and delicious dishes from our list of recipes.
We will need 500 g of chicken fillet, a couple of slices of white bread, a quarter of a glass of milk, an egg, salt. Grind the meat in a meat grinder, soak the bread pulp in heated milk, mix with minced meat, beat in the egg, and add salt. Mix everything until smooth, form medium-sized cutlets, place them on a steamer tray, cook for 20 minutes.
Ingredients: 250 g kefir, first-grade flour 1 tbsp, semolina 1 tbsp. heaped spoon, a teaspoon each of sugar and baking powder, 2 eggs.
Preparation: Mix semolina with kefir and let stand for thirty minutes. Beat the whites with sugar and mix with flour. Combine the two mixtures together and beat with a mixer, add the remaining yolks, baking powder, mix everything. Transfer the mixture into the pan and bake for an hour.
Boil one potato, carrot, zucchini, after peeling it. Drain the water and beat the vegetables with a mixer until pureed. Don't forget to add salt.
Apple pudding.
Components: three carrots, two apples, tbsp. spoon of semolina, 300 ml of milk, egg, sugar.
Peel the carrots, cut in half lengthwise, cut crosswise into several pieces. Pour in 300 ml of milk and cook for 5 minutes. Then add finely chopped apples and cook for the same amount of time as carrots. Separate the white from the yolk and beat it. Add to the mixture simmering on the stove. Add semolina, yolk, and a pinch of sugar. Pour the mixture into the molds and steam the pudding.
Fish soufflé.
Rinse 400 g of pike perch, remove skin and entrails. Prepare minced fish using a meat grinder, add the yolk and 100 ml of milk. Beat the egg whites and also add to the minced meat, add salt, pour everything into a mold and bake. You can decorate the soufflé with parsley leaves.
Baked stuffed apples.
Wash 4 medium apples, peel them, cut out the core so that the filling fits, remove all the seeds. Grease a baking sheet with sunflower oil, lay out the apples, fill them with a teaspoon of a mixture of honey and cottage cheese, sprinkle with cinnamon. Bake for 15 minutes.
Blueberry mousse.
Necessary components: 20 g of gelatin, a glass of blueberries, 100 ml of milk, 200 ml of natural drinking yogurt. Add gelatin to milk, heat in a water bath, but do not bring to a boil. Then refrigerate. Whisk yogurt, gelatin and blueberries with a mixer, pour into molds and leave in the refrigerator for a couple of hours.
Pear cocktail.
Peel the pears, grate on a fine grater, pour in 150 ml of kefir, add a handful of strawberries, a pinch of cinnamon, beat with a mixer and garnish with mint leaves.
In 1 glass of any natural juice, dilute 15 g of gelatin. Let it swell for two hours. Then put the gelatin on the stove and heat it, but do not bring it to a boil. Pour the viscous liquid into molds and leave in the refrigerator until hardened. After the marmalade is ready, you can roll it in sugar or powdered sugar, but do not overuse it.
Please note that the marmalade sweetness must be stored in the refrigerator, as it will melt at room temperature due to the lack of thickeners for the food industry.
The disease weakens the body, makes a person lethargic and tired. During such periods it is necessary to eat properly. A selected diet can help in the fight against illness, improve your mood and immunity. But check with your doctor first.
Diet tables according to M.I. Pevzner and their differences (video)
Diet table 13 according to Pevzner is prescribed for acute infectious diseases, because at this moment the body especially needs support. In addition to general therapy, it is important to eat so that the body has enough strength to fight the infection. Diet 13 fully meets these requirements.
Indications
- Table 13 supports the body's strength and contributes to its resistance to infection
- With this diet, intoxication is reduced
- The digestive system works in a more gentle manner, which is very important when there is fever accompanying an infectious disease
If you are not sure of the table number you need, please check.
- Table 13 according to Pevzner is a low-calorie diet (2300 Kcl per day)
- You need to eat 5-6 times in small portions
- Food should not be too hot or too cold
- Food is steamed or boiled
- Dishes are served chopped or mashed
- The “13 table” diet allows the consumption of no more than 8-10 grams of salt per day
- All food should be easily digestible and not cause constipation
Product table
| Product table | Can | It is forbidden |
| Soups | Weak broths made from fish, poultry, meat and vegetables to which you can add rice and oatmeal, noodles, eggs, dumplings. Puree soups, beetroot soups, fruit soups | Rich broths, legumes and millet are prohibited |
| Bread and pastries | Doctor's bread or "Zdorovye", crackers, biscuits, crackers, dry biscuits | Rye and fresh white bread, muffins, puff pastry pastries |
| Meat, poultry, fish | Low-fat varieties, cleared of bones, tendons, etc. | Lamb, pork, duck, goose, sausages, canned food, salted and smoked fish |
| Milk | Kefir and other fermented milk drinks,cottage cheese and dishes made from it, grated cheese, low-fat sour cream, milk and cream - only in drinks and dishes | Whole milk, full-fat sour cream, cream, salty, spicy and fatty cheese |
| Eggs | Soft-boiled eggs, steam omelettes | Hard-boiled egg, scrambled egg |
| Cereals | Semolina, pureed buckwheat, rice and rolled oats, vermicelli | Millet, barley, corn grits, legumes and pasta |
| Vegetables and fruits | Almost all vegetables are allowed | Cucumbers, legumes, mushrooms, rutabaga, radishes, white cabbage, onions and garlic |
| Fruits | In fresh form - very ripe, in processed form - puree, jelly, compotes, jelly | any fruit that is rich in fiber and has a rough skin |
| Beverages | Weak tea and coffee with milk, juices diluted with water, compotes, fruit drinks, rosehip or bran decoction. | Cocoa |
Soups
Weak broths made from fish, poultry, meat and vegetables to which you can add rice and oatmeal, noodles, eggs, dumplings. Puree soups, beetroot soups, fruit soups 
It is forbidden: rich broths, the addition of legumes and millet is prohibited
Bread and pastries
Doctor's bread or "Zdorovye", crackers, biscuits, crackers, dry biscuits
It is forbidden: Rye and fresh white bread, muffins, puff pastry pastries
Meat, poultry, fish
Diet 13 according to Pevzer allows low-fat varieties, cleared of bones, tendons, etc.
Serve pureed, crushed or in the form of cutlets, meatballs, meatballs
It is forbidden: lamb, pork, duck, goose, sausages, canned food, salted and smoked fish
Dairy
It is forbidden: whole milk, full-fat sour cream, cream, salty, spicy and fatty cheese
Eggs
Diet number 13 allows soft-boiled eggs, as well as steamed omelettes 
It is forbidden: hard-boiled egg, fried egg
Cereals
Porridges made from semolina, pureed buckwheat, rice and rolled oats are allowed. The porridge should be boiled, semi-liquid, slimy. You can add broth or milk to the dish. Steam puddings and soufflés and boiled vermicelli are also allowed
It is forbidden: millet, barley, corn grits, legumes and pasta
Vegetables
Almost all vegetables are allowed. Grated on a fine grater (fresh) or served as a puree (boiled)
Important! Early zucchini and pumpkin do not need to be wiped before serving; they are already quite soft.
It is forbidden: cucumbers, legumes, mushrooms, rutabaga, radishes, white cabbage, onions and garlic
Fruits
Only very ripe fruits with thin skin can be eaten fresh (or the skin can be peeled off). In processed form - purees, compotes, jelly, jelly
It is forbidden: any fruit that is rich in fiber and has a rough skin
Beverages
Table number 13 allows weak tea and coffee with milk, juices diluted with water, compotes, fruit drinks, rosehip or bran decoction. 
It is forbidden: cocoa
Menu
Diet 13 according to the Pevzner system, based on the permitted list of products, suggests this menu for the week, which you can download from the link below.
Recipes
Here are a few recipes that we suggest preparing with this therapeutic diet.
Syrniki
- Two packs of cottage cheese
- Half a cup of flour
- Two eggs
- Sugar and salt to taste
Grind sugar with eggs and cottage cheese until smooth, add flour and knead the dough. Form cheesecakes from the dough, roll them in flour and fry over medium heat for two minutes on each side.
Baked apple with cottage cheese and honey
- 4 apples
- Half a pack of cottage cheese
- Two tablespoons of honey
Core the apples. Mix cottage cheese and honey. Place the apples on a baking sheet greased with vegetable oil and place the filling in place of the cut out core. Place in the oven for 15 minutes. Oven temperature – 180 degrees.
Chicken noodle soup
- Chicken breast
- Carrot
- bulb
- Handful of vermicelli
Remove the skin from the chicken breast and place it in a saucepan. Fill with cold water, add the peeled onion, bring to a boil and cook for an hour, skimming off the foam. Cut the carrots into cubes and add to the broth. Remove the breast, cool, chop and return to the broth. Three minutes before the end of cooking, add salt to taste, add vermicelli, stir thoroughly. Turn off the heat under the soup, close the lid and let it brew for 15 minutes.
results
- The body has much more strength to fight infection
- Intoxication is reduced
- This type of nutrition has a general strengthening effect.
Things are different when they are prescribed, read about its features and principles of menu design.
Diet table 13 according to Pevzner is a diet of therapeutic and preventive nutrition, which is prescribed for acute infectious (bronchitis, pneumonia, purulent sinusitis and sinusitis) diseases.
Table number 13 according to Pevzner supports the overall strength of the body, helps reduce intoxication and increases resistance to various infectious diseases.
During bed rest, the diet has a low energy value - 2000-2300 calories. In her menu, the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed is reduced, while the amount of fortified foods is increased.
Chemical composition of the daily diet:
- Carbohydrates – 300-350 grams;
- Proteins – 70-80 grams (30-40% vegetable);
- Fats – 60-70 grams (80% animals).
The table allows adding table salt to food in the amount of 8-10 grams.
The volume of free fluid intake should be as high as possible. The patient must drink at least 2 liters of pure non-carbonated water per day, in addition to teas, juices, compotes and soups.
What is possible, what is not
For a speedy recovery, diet No. 13 obliges you to include easily digestible foods in the menu that do not contribute to flatulence and constipation. Allowed:
- Day-baked wheat bread and from it, biscuits;
- Slimy and ground porridge from, and;
- Pasta as a separate side dish, as an additive to mashed potatoes or the basis of a casserole;
- Soups based on mucous and vegetable broths, light fish and meat broths;
- – , curdled milk, cottage cheese, unsalted, sour cream. Whole milk and cream can only be used as ingredients in dishes;
- Low-fat varieties of meat and fish, boiled and baked, various ground and mushy dishes;
- Eggs no more than 2 per day;
- Fresh and thermally processed vegetables;
- Soft, ripe and sweet fruits in the form of souffles, purees or mousses;
- Sweets in limited quantities - jam, jam, honey, pastille, meringue, marmalade;
- and cold-pressed oils up to 100-150 grams per week;
- Black and green tea, chamomile and rosehip decoction, weakly concentrated juices, jelly, compotes, fruit drinks.
Diet table number 13 excludes foods that are difficult for the stomach from your diet. The following are prohibited:
- Hot baked goods;
- Barley, and;
- Legumes - peas, chickpeas, beans;
- high fat content, gastronomic yoghurts and curds with various fillings;
- Fatty meats and rich broths made from them;
- Vegetables - cucumbers, onions, garlic, white cabbage and radishes;
- Unripe and sour berries, fruits, with a predominance;
- Marinades and pickles;
- Spicy and smoked dishes;
- Chocolate, cocoa, confectionery with cream fillings;
- Sweet carbonated drinks, alcohol.
Menu for every day
Diet number 13 helps to protect the gastrointestinal tract. In case of severe inflammatory processes, the menu is designed in such a way as to exclude food irritants and create a favorable environment for a quick recovery.
During the period of infectious diseases, the patient’s diet should be divided and as varied as possible. During the day, you get 5-6 meals every 2-3 hours. In addition to the usual breakfast, lunch and dinner, it is necessary to arrange snacks. This way a person will not overload the stomach (portion sizes are within 300 milligrams) and at the same time will not give him the opportunity to signal a feeling of hunger.
Possible menu option for the week:
Monday
- Breakfast: semolina with cherry jelly;
- Snack: fruit puree;
- Lunch: fish noodle soup, steamed beef;
- Afternoon snack: biscuits, rosehip decoction;
- Dinner: boiled pollock fillet with vegetables.
Tuesday
- Breakfast: sweet omelet, tea with lemon;
- Snack: blueberry soufflé;
- Lunch: with meatballs, navy pasta;
- Afternoon snack: boiled with sour cream;
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, a glass of kefir.
Wednesday
- Breakfast: steamed cheesecakes with sour cream, rice uzvar;
- Lunch: pear pudding;
- Lunch: beetroot soup with beef liver;
- Afternoon snack: mincemeat of soaked herring, berry compote;
- Dinner: vegetable casserole.
Thursday
- Breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese with raisins and dried apricots, tea;
- Snack: baked;
- Lunch: chicken soup with dumplings, potatoes with goulash;
- Afternoon snack: stewed carrots, apple and pear juice;
- Dinner: young beef soufflé.
Friday
- Breakfast: pureed rice porridge, coffee with milk;
- Snack: baked pumpkin slices with honey;
- Lunch: milk noodle soup, steamed chicken balls;
- Afternoon snack: 50-60 grams of marmalade, oat broth;
- Dinner: sea bass aspic, glass.
Saturday
- Breakfast: oatmeal porridge with milk, strawberry compote;
- Snack: dumplings with potatoes in sour cream;
- Lunch: cream cheese soup, meatballs with fresh tomato;
- Afternoon snack: vegetable pudding, toast with a thin layer of apple jam;
- Dinner: liver cake, a glass of yogurt.
Sunday
- Breakfast: pasta with sour cream or grated cheese;
- Snack: curd and raspberry dessert;
- Lunch: cauliflower soup, toasted bread with meat pate;
- Afternoon snack: stewed zucchini with minced meat;
- Dinner: hake baked with carrots in the sleeve, a glass of kefir.
Dish recipes
Diet number 13, despite all its limitations, can be tasty and varied. All dishes should be boiled or steamed and served in porridge, puree, mashed or chopped form. But even taking into account the permitted heat treatment and a minimum of serving methods, you can find and come up with many interesting recipes.
Semolina
Ingredients:
- 100 grams of semolina;
- 180 grams of sugar;
- 3 tbsp. l. raisins;
- 4 eggs;
- 1 glass of milk;
- A pinch of vanillin.
Preparation:
Separate the yolks from the whites. Grind the first with sugar, beat the second until thick foam and put in the refrigerator. Boil the semolina porridge in milk and pour the yolks and sugar into it in a stream, stirring constantly. Then add raisins to the semolina mass and carefully fold in the whites. Place the finished “dough” in a greased form and place in a preheated oven for 25-30 minutes. When serving, pour jam or preserves over the semolina.
Diet table No. 13, when strictly followed, gives good results. Together with drug treatment, it can literally get a patient out of bed in just a week: remove toxic substances from the body, remove inflammatory processes in affected tissues, and improve immunity.
Mouse fever (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) is an acute viral disease (HFRS). This is a rather dangerous disease that causes a feverish state, general poisoning of the body, affecting the kidneys.
The virus is transmitted by small rodents - wood mice, red and red voles. Human infection usually occurs through airborne dust, or through consumption of products contaminated by rodents, as well as through unwashed hands.
So that you know more about the disease, how mouse fever is prevented, symptoms and treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, the consequences of the disease - let's talk about them and about this disease in general on www..
Symptoms of mouse fever
The difficulty in diagnosing this disease is that it is almost impossible to detect until the first symptoms appear, which occur approximately half a month after infection. Although all this time the disease develops and progresses.
The initial stage, which lasts 1-4 days, is characterized by a sudden increase in temperature. Patients complain of general weakness, headache and sore throat. A cough appears, the face turns red, swells, nasal congestion, and red eyes occur. At this stage, HFRS is very similar to a common cold.
Characteristic signs of mouse fever are small, pinpoint hemorrhages that occur on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, as well as painful sensations in the lumbar region. In addition, skin rashes on the body (red small rash) are possible.
As the disease progresses, from days 5 to 12, more severe symptoms appear. Although the temperature drops, the patient’s condition worsens significantly: headaches become more intense, nausea and vomiting appear, and pain in the abdominal area occurs. Facial redness and swelling increase significantly. Bleeding may occur, especially intense in severe cases.
A characteristic symptom at this stage is kidney damage. This is manifested by severe pain in the lower back, as well as a decrease in the daily amount of urine output, to its complete absence. In severe cases, acute renal failure may occur.
Starting from the 12th day, the third stage of the disease begins, which can last more than a month. In this case, the patient's condition improves, although kidney damage continues to progress. This stage is characterized by a sharp increase in daily urine output, with a significant increase in fluid intake. At this stage, it is very important to exclude all kinds of sudden movements, jumping, running, shaking the body, as this can provoke rupture of the kidney.
If such symptoms appear, in order to avoid dangerous consequences, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. The patient requires treatment in a therapeutic or infectious diseases department of a hospital and strict bed rest.
What is the threat of mouse fever, what are the consequences after the disease?
It is important to understand that the lack of treatment can lead to very sad consequences. With advanced forms of HFRS, the patient begins to have severe convulsions, pulmonary edema occurs, and localized foci of pneumonia appear. The kidneys are severely affected, their normal functions are disrupted, and the risk of kidney rupture increases many times over. There is a high probability of death.
Therefore, only a timely visit to a specialist, correct diagnosis and adequate professional treatment can normalize the patient’s condition and protect him from serious consequences.
About how mouse fever is corrected, what is its effective treatment
There is no specific, general treatment regimen for this pathology.
Each case requires an individual approach, taking into account the severity of the disease, the general condition of the patient, his age and the presence of complications.
Upon admission to the hospital, the patient is prescribed bed rest, the duration of which is determined by the attending physician. Therapeutic treatment is prescribed, including taking antiviral, anti-inflammatory drugs, antipyretic and painkillers.
Increased attention is paid to the condition of the kidneys: daily monitoring of the amount of fluid received and excreted is carried out. If normal kidney function is seriously impaired and cannot be restored with medication, the patient is treated with extracorporeal hemodialysis.
During the treatment and recovery stage, it is very important to follow a certain diet. During the acute period, when there is a significant decrease in daily urine output, the patient should consume fresh, lean foods with low salt content (or no salt at all).
Products high in sodium and potassium are prohibited. You should avoid smoked meats, pickles, and marinades. These restrictions continue until the period of renal recovery, when urine output increases.
Alcohol is prohibited during the entire treatment period. But foods rich in vitamins C and group B are welcome. If they are deficient, the patient is recommended to take medications containing them, and is also prescribed vitamin K in tablets.
It is important to understand that in the absence of professional treatment, the disease only progresses and can be fatal. Mouse fever is a serious, dangerous disease that requires urgent qualified medical care. Traditional medicine is not used in treatment.
Prevention measures
As you know, mice that carry the virus live in large numbers in fields and forest clearings. Therefore, when going outdoors, be careful, make sure that the food and dishes you take with you are tightly closed, packaged and not lying around.
Warn your children about the dangers of visiting basements, sheds, and attics, where mice are habitual inhabitants. It is especially dangerous to eat cereals, seeds, and any other products that may be there.
Be sure to maintain good hygiene by washing your hands thoroughly and often, especially before eating.
You should also know that high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation are harmful to the HFRS virus. Therefore, the best prevention of mouse disease is careful heat treatment of products. Be healthy!
Little gray mice look very cute. But…!!! They are a source of infection and very often are carriers of many diseases that can be dangerous for humans and often incompatible with life. High fever, severe headache, shortness of breath, lethargy or confusion, a rapidly spreading rash, sharp pain in the lumbar and kidney areas are obvious symptoms of mouse fever in adults.
According to analytical information from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a number of infectious diseases are transmitted to people from rodents (field mice, rats, squirrels). Adults suffer the course of the disease much more severely than children. Their body is characterized by the appearance of extensive symptoms and the development of various complications, while sometimes it can only occur like a cold. Men aged 16-50 years are most susceptible to infection.
Incorrect or late diagnosis, incorrectly selected treatment or lack thereof can lead to death. Although there is no cure for the virus itself, supportive therapy makes it easier to cope with the disease.
Mouse fever– a natural focal rare infectious disease with an acute course (hemorrhagic fever, accompanied by renal, pulmonary or cardiac syndrome), where the reservoir of the pathogen is an animal (rodent class).
The causative agent of the disease: Hantavirus, having different strains.
Affected areas: small vessels, renal apparatus, lungs, heart.
Geography: A variant of the virus is common in Eurasia that causes renal syndrome, i.e. affects the kidneys. The medical name for this disease is (HFRS), leading to mortality in 10% of cases. Found mainly in Scandinavian countries Epidemic nephropathy(EN), which is one of the types of HFRS, but its mortality rate is several times lower.
An infected rodent carries the infection for two years. And it is assumed that only certain types of virus can kill them too. In other cases, the virus does not pose a serious danger to the rodent.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome- a rarer type of mouse fever, which occurs mainly in America. But, according to statistics, it leads to death approximately 7 times more often (76%).
Demography: Anyone can get sick, but men aged 16-50 are at greater risk.
Incubation period on average it lasts 12-15 days, but the individual tolerance of an adult, as well as the state of the immune system and predisposition to resistance, can increase the incubation period from up to 8 weeks.
Severity of the disease: varies depending on the virus causing the disease. Infections caused by the Hantaan and Dobrava viruses tend to cause severe symptoms, while the Saaremaa and Puumala viruses are more easily tolerated. Full recovery may take several weeks or months.
Since we usually have murine fever, accompanied by renal syndrome, the article will focus mainly on it.
.Etiology (routes of infection)
Adults can contract mouse fever in several ways.
Indirect contact with mouse feces or urine (airborne)
A common way for adults to contract mouse fever is by absorbing the virus from mice through inhalation of dust particles that have been contaminated with the feces or urine of an infected rodent. Dust particles contain infected rodent excrement and, when entering the upper respiratory tract, the virus infects the body. Those most susceptible to infection are people whose work may expose them to dust containing rodent excretions. These are janitors, cleaners, construction workers in old buildings, etc.
Direct contact with mouse urine and feces (nutritional route)
Mice feces or urine may contain viruses and bacteria. Thus, direct physical contact with mouse feces, especially if it is through open wounds or mucous membranes, can be a route of disease transmission to humans. Eating food or water contaminated with mouse droppings and urine can also cause a fever.
Bites and scratches
An infected mouse contains disease-causing bacteria and viruses on its teeth, in its saliva and under its claws. Therefore, scratches and mouse bites are often potential sources of infection for fever.
Insect bites
Fleas and ticks that can live in the fur of rodents can also become carriers of the disease. As a result, they can bite people. With this outcome of events, viruses and bacteria are transmitted to humans and cause mouse fever.
Contact with carcass
Mouse fever is an acute infectious disease, the active virus of which lingers in the tissue of a rodent even after its death. Contact of an adult with a mouse carcass without proper protection can cause infection transmission.
On a positive note. Mouse fever is a “one-sided” disease. This means that it is transmitted only from mice to people. An infected person is not the source of the mouse fever virus. Mouse fever infection is not spread from person to person.
But for all this time, a single case of transmission of the disease from person to person was recorded in Argentina during the virus outbreak.
Clinical signs
The disease is characterized by three stages of development:
- severe intoxication of the body;
- serious kidney damage;
- hemorrhage (bleeding from affected vessels).
An advanced disease (lack of timely treatment) often becomes an irreversible process with a fatal outcome.
Diagnostics
Difficult diagnosis of the disease hinders its treatment. Experienced doctors recommend paying attention to the color of urine, as well as the quantitative indicators and frequency of urination (sharp changes in “habitual” indicators clearly signal illness).
Fever goes through four stages of its manifestation:
- Initial (nucleation phase or prodromal phase).
- Oligouric (phase of disease progression).
At this stage of the development of the disease in an adult, the kidneys are affected and hemorrhagic syndrome begins its active phase.
- Polyuric phase
- Convalescence stage (passive phase of the disease).
The second and third periods are distinguished by the obvious progression of the disease. New symptoms appear, which are characterized by intense development.
Symptoms
The first symptoms of mouse fever in adults:
- mouse fever is always accompanied by an increase in temperature;
- the mark is located within 40 0;
- severe dizziness and pain;
- the entire body is overcome by weakness and malaise;
- the mucous membrane of the pharynx becomes red;
- Pain in the kidneys and lumbar region becomes noticeable.
Sometimes the warning symptoms are supplemented by:
- decreased heart rate;
- decrease in blood pressure;
- acute reaction to bright light (the patient’s negative reaction to light fluxes is accompanied by the formation of a “grid” in front of the eyes);
- redness on the face, neck;
- the appearance of flat rashes in the axillary area and on the body.
initial stage
The initial (prodromal or febrile) phase is accompanied by a number of symptoms:
- a sharp increase in temperature;
- trembling and chills;
- headaches;
- muscle pain;
- blurred vision (eyes turn red);
- hemorrhagic rashes on the neck and shoulders due to vascular damage;
- inability to concentrate.
Symptoms of mouse fever in men at the initial stage are usually more pronounced than in women. During examination, the doctor very often detects Pasternatsky's symptom (pain in the kidneys when tapping). If the disease is advanced, then signs of meningitis may also be observed.
This phase takes 3-7 days and usually occurs 2-3 weeks after the bite.
Hypotensive phase
In addition to the above symptoms, the patient receives tachycardia, hypoxemia (lack of oxygen), etc. This occurs because the level of platelets in the blood drops. This condition can last for 2 days.
Oligouric stage
The oliguric stage (impaired kidney function) begins its active phase after 4-7 days and is accompanied by:
- a decrease in the patient's temperature;
- the appearance of sharp unbearable pain in the lumbar region;
- dehydration. The volume of urine decreases significantly (urine becomes reddish in color, and its daily amount fluctuates between 200-500 ml). Symptoms of dehydration include dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, and decreased urine output in most people.
- lack of proper sleep;
- decreased appetite (possible severe vomiting);
- heart rate is not normal. His figure is significantly lower.
Hemorrhage becomes pronounced:
- possible hemorrhage into the skin (fragility of small vessels)
- various types of bleeding.
Despite the drop in temperature, the patient feels just as bad.
The duration of the stage is usually 3-7 days.
Polyuric (diuretic) stage
Symptoms:
- frequent urination (symptoms of diuresis) 3-6 liters per day;
- the proper functioning of the kidneys is impaired;
- eyelids and face swell;
- bothered by headaches;
- no sleep.
May take from several days to several weeks.
Convalescence stage (rehabilitation stage)
Signs:
- general health improves;
- urination indicators are normalized;
- a good appetite appears;
- pain in the lumbar region is less pronounced.
This stage lasts 4-5 days, and indicates an improvement, but not yet a complete recovery. In an adult, the process of convalescence lasts much longer than in children and can take more than one month to fully recover.
Complications – what to worry about?
Mouse fever is dangerous due to its side effects. Bacterial microorganisms can affect almost any organ system.
Extreme temperatures (usually greater than 105.8°F or 41°C) can be devastating. High body temperature can lead to poor performance of most organs. Such extreme heights of body temperature entail serious illnesses (for example, sepsis, malaria, meningitis).
Hemorrhagic diseases, which include mouse fever, are quite severe in children. Timely and correct diagnosis can prevent dangerous complications of the disease.
What causes?
Mouse fever is a viral disease. Both adults and children can get it. The disease is quite severe. Its danger is that after the illness dangerous complications can develop.
The disease received its name not by chance. Rodents carry viruses. They are the sources of infection. According to statistics, children living in rural areas get sick more often than their urban peers. A child can become infected very easily when he is on vacation or at the dacha.
Considering the peculiarity of clinical manifestations, this disease is classified as hemorrhagic. According to statistics, the peak incidence among children occurs between the ages of 2 and 10. Boys can become infected just as easily as girls. The risk of infection increases many times over if personal hygiene rules are violated.
You can get infected in several ways. Polluted air in rooms with rodents can cause airborne infection. You can also become infected through nutrition. In this case, viruses enter the child’s body through dirty hands. By playing in the yard and neglecting to wash their hands, kids can easily catch an infection.
A less rare variant of infection is contact. In this case, the disease develops after direct contact with rodents or the places where they live. The smallest particles of excrement easily fall into the child's hands. If after this the baby immediately sits down at the table and puts something in his mouth, he can get sick very quickly.
How does it manifest?
The first signs of the disease appear after the end of the incubation period. For murine or hemorrhagic fever, it is usually 20-25 days. In some cases, this period may be shortened or extended. This depends on the physiological characteristics of the child, as well as the presence of concomitant chronic diseases or immunodeficiency.
The characteristic symptoms of the disease are:
- Rapid and persistent increase in body temperature. Quite often it rises to 39-40 degrees. The fever persists for several days and is difficult to relieve with antipyretic drugs. In children under 5 years of age, severe fever and severe chills occur.
- The occurrence of a headache. Often it is unbearable. The intensity of the pain syndrome is pronounced. The use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs in the first days of the disease does not bring relief.
- The appearance of nosebleeds. Viruses that cause fever have a toxic effect on the smallest blood vessels - capillaries. Their increased fragility leads to nosebleeds.
- Soreness in muscles and joints. Minor hemorrhages in the joint area lead to pain. The severity of the condition is also provoked by severe muscle weakness and fatigue.
- Enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. They can increase in size several times. When they are palpated, moderate pain appears. Lymph nodes are usually tightly adherent to the skin.
- Impaired urine flow. Portions become small in volume. The total amount of urine per day also decreases. In severe cases, anuria may develop - complete urinary retention.
- The occurrence of gingival bleeding. Usually the symptom is detected when eating solid food. The pieces cause trauma to damaged mucous membranes, which contributes to bleeding.
- Marked weakness. General health the baby is greatly disturbed. The child becomes overly passive and tries to spend more time in bed. Even habitual stress and actions can lead to a worsening of the disease.
- Deterioration of vision. This symptom is due to the presence of hemorrhagic damage to the supplying vessels of the eyes. Typically, a sick child experiences blurred perception of objects or double vision when viewing nearby objects.
- Severe chills. Occurs at elevated body temperatures. It is usually very difficult for a sick child to stay warm. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs helps to cope with this unfavorable symptom.
- The appearance of blood in the urine. This symptom is extremely unfavorable. It indicates that the inflammatory process has reached the kidneys. Hematuria or the appearance of blood in the urine indicates that the sick child should be urgently hospitalized in a hospital.
Diagnostics
When the first adverse symptoms appear, the baby should be shown to a doctor. Mouse or hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease. Treatment of this disease is carried out by an infectious disease specialist. Since the disease is quite severe in children and is dangerous due to the onset of adverse complications, treatment of the disease is carried out in an infectious diseases department equipped with equipment for emergency care.
To establish the functional disorders that appear during murine fever, additional tests are required. All babies undergo general clinical blood and urine tests. They help determine how severe the child’s disease is. To exclude dangerous complications of the disease, the baby is monitored and controlled by heart function using electrocardiography.
Treatment
Treatment of the disease is carried out throughout the acute period of the disease. During this time, the baby must remain in bed. This forced measure helps prevent dangerous complications from vital organs.
Sufficient drinking regime is necessary for good kidney function. Various fruit drinks and compotes made from lingonberries, cranberries and other berries are suitable as drinks. These drinks contain large amounts ascorbic acid, necessary for the active functioning of the immune system. Regular boiled water will also work.
All sick children are prescribed therapeutic nutrition. It limits the range of products. All incoming food should not be salty or spicy. Limiting table salt is necessary to ensure adequate kidney function and prevent the occurrence of edema.
The course of treatment is usually drawn up by an infectious disease specialist. The doctor prescribes antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. In cases of severe blood clot formation, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are prescribed. All medications are prescribed in the form of droppers or injections. With the help of this administration, the drugs quickly enter the bloodstream and help effectively eliminate the symptoms of the disease.
To strengthen the immune system in the subacute stage, multivitamin complexes are prescribed. These preparations contain all the necessary microelements necessary for the baby’s recovery and improvement of his well-being. Reception vitamin complexes acceptable at the post-hospital stage. Typically, such drugs are prescribed for a period of one to three months.
Many people do not like mice and rats, and girls are often simply terrified of them. And doctors say that there are real reasons to stay away from rodents. After all, they can carry a lot of different diseases, including deadly ones. These diseases include mouse fever, which is also known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This is a rather unpleasant disease that can lead to the development of various complications. Let's clarify in a little more detail what mouse fever is, whether it is transmitted from person to person or not, let's talk.
Mouse fever is an acute viral natural focal disease. Its development is accompanied by the appearance of fever, general intoxication and a kind of kidney damage. In the absence of adequate treatment, the disease can severely damage the kidneys and even cause death.
Is mouse fever transmitted from person to person?
The causative agent of mouse fever is carried by rodents - field mice, rats, and bats. The main vector is considered to be the bank vole.
The disease is not transmitted from person to person, this is impossible.
Infection occurs mainly through airborne dust. In this case, the person inhales contaminated dust.
There is also evidence that mouse fever is transmitted to humans through nutritional means, when water or food becomes infected with secretions of infected rodents, or fever is transmitted to humans through an infection that enters the body with dirty hands.
Residents of rural areas, as well as tourists, are especially susceptible to the disease.
How to suspect the development of mouse fever?
At the initial stage of development, mouse fever does not make itself felt at all. The duration of the incubation period can vary from seven to forty-six days. The disease usually develops within three weeks.
At the initial stage of mouse fever, the patient’s temperature rises to almost forty degrees. Chills are possible. The disease also leads to severe headaches. The patient is bothered by severe dry mouth and general weakness. On examination, redness of the skin is noticeable, and a hemorrhagic rash may appear. Some patients complain of deterioration of vision, namely the appearance of the so-called “mesh” and “fog” before the eyes.
At further development During illness, the temperature remains the same high; if it decreases, the patient’s condition worsens. The classic symptom of this stage is pain in the lower back, which can have varying degrees of severity. At the same time, vomiting develops, abdominal pain and bloating are possible. Kidney damage is accompanied by corresponding symptoms: puffiness of the face, pasty eyelids, oliguria. Pathological processes can lead to the development of bleeding from the nose or gums. Bloody vomiting is also possible. This stage of the disease is considered especially dangerous; if the patient is not provided with appropriate medical care, he may die.
With adequate correction, a polyuric period begins. The patient is no longer bothered by vomiting, the severity of pain in the abdomen and also in the lower back is somewhat reduced, appetite and sleep are normalized. The volume of urine excreted also gradually increases. Recovery is coming slowly.
Is there a cure for mouse fever?
If the development of muscle fever is suspected, the patient requires urgent hospitalization. Therapy is carried out exclusively in the infectious diseases department, and patients must adhere to strict bed rest.
To date, there are no specific treatments for mouse fever. The method of treatment is selected on an individual basis, while doctors take into account the characteristics of the course of the disease, the stages of its development, the presence of complications and, of course, age indicators.
Patients with mouse fever require detoxification therapy. Doctors also take measures to normalize the patient’s general condition, to stabilize the water-salt balance, and to prevent and correct complications. Medications usually include antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and antiviral compounds.
Control of kidney activity plays an extremely important role. Doctors monitor the volume of fluid injected and the amount removed. If drug correction does not help restore normal kidney function, extracorporeal hemodialysis is performed.
Patients with mouse fever must adhere to dietary nutrition. If the disease proceeds without complications, they are advised to eat according to diet No. 4, and otherwise - according to treatment table No. 1.
Possible complications of mouse fever
This pathological condition can lead to serious impairment of kidney function - to the development of azotemic uremia or to kidney rupture. In addition, pathological processes can cause eclampsia (the occurrence of convulsions that are accompanied by loss of consciousness), cause the development of acute vascular insufficiency, pulmonary edema and focal pneumonia. The complications that arise, in turn, can provoke the development of death.
Fever is not transmitted from person to another person, but there are other ways of infection. Unfortunately, doctors do not know effective measures that will help prevent infection with mouse fever. It is important to maintain personal hygiene.
Mouse fever is a fairly rare but dangerous disease transmitted by rodents. The virus is not transmitted from person to person. Mouse fever is a hemorrhagic fever that causes severe kidney damage and can cause death in the affected person. Initially, the signs of the disease are similar to those of an acute form of acute respiratory infections, so it can be difficult to recognize the disease right away. As the disease progresses, the patient develops thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. The disease affects children and adults.
Treatment is carried out using folk remedies a, which have an anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect and prevent internal hemorrhages. It is necessary to complete a full course of taking herbs to protect the kidneys from the destructive effects of the mouse fever virus. Fortunately, these tools are available to each of us.
What is mouse fever?
Murine fever or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a zoonotic infectious viral disease. This means that you can become infected with the virus only through contact with a carrier animal or its waste products.
When entering the human body, the virus infects small blood vessels, which are especially numerous in the glomeruli of the kidneys, where blood is filtered. As a result, the normal functioning of the kidneys is disrupted.
The disease affects adults and children, more often men than women. The incubation period lasts from a week to 46 days, but most often it is 21–25 days.
How can you get infected?
The carriers of the virus that causes hemorrhagic fever are rodents, in particular, common field mice. At the same time, the animals themselves do not get sick, they only carry viral particles and excrete it in their urine and feces.
The virus is transmitted to humans in three ways:
- Alimentary route: infected excrement gets into food or drink;
- Airborne dust path: a person inhales air that contains particles of excrement;
- Contact route: the virus enters the human body when the wound surface comes into contact with infected excrement.
The virus is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person.
What are the symptoms of mouse fever?
The first signs of the disease begin to appear after the end of the incubation period. In children, symptoms most often appear 15–20 days after infection.
In children, the characteristic signs of the disease are less pronounced. These signs include:
- increase in body temperature to 40 oC.
- pain in joints and muscles;
- severe headaches;
- fever, chills;
- nausea, vomiting;
- decreased visual acuity;
- photosensitivity;
- bleeding from mucous membranes: gums, nose.
In adults, the disease manifests itself with similar symptoms, but in a more severe form:
- fever, chills, increased body temperature up to 40 ° C;
- migraines, headache;
- nausea and vomiting;
- decreased visual acuity, intolerance to bright light;
- decreased heart rate;
- decreased blood pressure;
- hyperemia of the face and neck;
- the appearance of a rash on the sides of the body and in the armpits (the symptom appears on the 3rd–4th day of the disease);
- bleeding from the eyes, nose, bleeding gums.
At the initial stages of the disease, the signs are similar to those of acute respiratory infections, which prevents an accurate diagnosis of the disease. If the patient has a runny nose or cough. this indicates that he does not have mouse fever. Diarrhea and bowel dysfunction are also uncharacteristic of this disease. If such signs appear, then mouse fever can be excluded and diagnosis can be made for other infectious diseases.
Course of the disease
Doctors have divided the disease into three stages. Signs of the disease increase gradually and change from one stage to another.
Treatment of the disease with traditional methods
Treatment of mouse fever with folk remedies is largely aimed at reducing kidney damage.
Fees
Herbal infusions have a complex anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect and are more effective than taking individual infusions of these plants. To prepare the preparations: 2 tbsp. l. the raw material is poured with 2 cups of boiling water and left for half an hour, after which it is filtered. Drink half a glass of decoction three times a day before meals.
- Herbal collection No. 1. 3 parts of bearberry leaf are mixed with 1 part of licorice root and 1 part of cornflower blue.
- Herbal collection No. 2. 2 parts of bearberry leaf are mixed with 1 part of licorice roots and 2 parts of juniper fruits.
- Herbal collection No. 3. Mix 2 parts of bearberry leaves, 4 parts of trifoliate leaves and 1 part each of warty birch roots, curly parsley fruits, cornflower and elecampane roots.
- Herbal collection No. 4. Mix 5 parts of bearberry leaves, 3 parts of orthosiphon leaves and 2 parts of lingonberry leaves.
It is important to remember that comprehensive treatment of the disease is necessary, especially for children. Lack of proper therapy can lead to disability or even death of the patient.
Prevention of mouse fever
The disease is seasonal and manifests itself in the spring and summer, when people travel outside the city. In winter, the disease can affect rural residents whose houses are inhabited by rodents.
To prevent fever, it is necessary to avoid contact with rodents and their waste products. It is also important to wash your hands before eating and to package food so that rodents cannot reach it. It is prohibited to consume products damaged by pests.
It is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene yourself and monitor this in children.
Write in the comments about your experience in treating diseases, help other readers of the site!
Share the material on social networks and help your friends and family!
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or mouse fever should be familiar to every resident of Russia.
The disease is dangerous with the possibility of severe complications. The number of deaths among patients in Russia reaches 8%.
Are you having any problem? Enter “Symptom” or “Name of the disease” into the form, press Enter and you will find out all the treatment for this problem or disease.
The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor. Any drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required, as well as detailed study of the instructions! .
For what reasons does HFRS occur?
This is a viral disease that affects blood vessels and kidneys. The causative agent of the disease is the Hantaan virus, which belongs to the bunyavirus family.
This virus spreads between animals through flea or tick bites. Rodents are latent carriers of the virus and will shed it environment with feces, urine and saliva.
The virus is characterized by resistance to negative temperatures and dies within half an hour at temperatures above 50 degrees. The peculiarity of the virus is that it affects the inner lining of blood vessels (endothelium).
There are 2 types of virus:
- Eastern type. The type predominates in the Far East; the carrier of the infection is Manchurian field mice.
- The Western type is common in the European part of Russia. The carrier is the bank and red-backed voles.
It is noted that the first type is more dangerous and causes from 10 to 20% of deaths, the second - up to 2%. There are several ways of contracting this disease.
Infection occurs when a person comes into contact with secretions of infected rodents through inhalation, consumption, or contact with damaged areas of the skin. The disease is autumn-winter seasonal.
Symptoms of this disease
The course of HFRS is divided into several periods.
Depending on the stage of the disease, the patient exhibits symptoms of the disease.
- Incubation period. This stage lasts about 20 days. At this stage, the disease does not manifest itself. The patient may not be aware of the infection.
- The initial (febrile) period lasts 3 days.
- Oligoanuric lasts about a week.
- Polyuric (early convalescence) - from 2 to 3 weeks.
- Late convalescence begins approximately from the second month of the disease and lasts up to 3 years.
The initial stage of the disease is characterized by a significant jump in body temperature in the morning and afternoon. The patient is accompanied by insomnia, body aches, fatigue, and lack of appetite.
Headache, painful reaction to light stimuli, and conjunctivitis are observed. A white coating forms on the tongue. Redness of the upper body is observed.
At the third stage of the disease, the temperature decreases slightly, but other pronounced symptoms appear.
Characteristic of this period are pain in the lower back, which in severe forms of the disease can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and aching pain in the abdominal region.
The volume of urine excreted is reduced. Due to this, the level of potassium and urea in the blood increases, and the level of calcium and chlorides decreases.
A small rash (hemorrhagic syndrome) appears on the patient's skin. The areas most commonly affected are the chest, armpits and shoulders. This is accompanied by nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding.
The patient’s cardiovascular system malfunctions: the pulse becomes less frequent, arterial pressure in a short period of time it develops from low to high and back again. 
A characteristic symptom of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is damage to the nervous system. Hemorrhages in the patient’s brain can cause hallucinations, deafness, and fainting. At the stage of oliguria, the patient experiences complications - acute renal and adrenal failure.
At the stage of early convalescence, the patient feels relief. At first, there is abundant urine output (up to 10 liters per day), then diuresis gradually returns to normal.
Late convalescence is characterized by residual manifestations of symptoms. The patient feels a general malaise - dizziness, weakness, increased sensitivity in the legs, need for fluid, increased sweating.
Features of the development of HFRS
The development of HFRS begins in the patient with the incubation period in the first 2-3 weeks from the moment of infection. The infection enters the body through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract or digestive system, less often through open wounds on the skin.
If a person has strong immunity, the virus dies. It begins to multiply.
Then the infection enters the blood and the patient begins to develop an infectious-toxic syndrome. Once in the blood, the virus settles on the endothelium.
The vessels of the kidneys are more affected. The infection leaves the patient's body in the urine.
At this time, the patient may experience acute renal failure. Regression occurs and body functions are restored. The recovery process is complex and slow; this period can take up to 3 years.
Diagnosis of pathology
The first symptoms of the disease are similar to ARVI, so the patient often hesitates to seek help from medical institution. Take into account the peculiarities in the symptoms of HFRS in the early stages of the disease.
Firstly, with ARVI, the patient’s temperature rises in the evening, while with HFRS this occurs mainly in the morning. Another feature of the disease is redness of the skin of the upper part of the human body and the eyeballs.
At later stages of the disease, clearer symptoms appear. These are a hemorrhagic rash, a decrease in the volume of urine excreted, and pain in the lumbar region.
At the first suspicion of the development of hemorrhagic fever, you should consult a doctor. When making a diagnosis, the seasonal factor, the likelihood of the patient being in endemic areas and other epidemiological characteristics are taken into account.
To make an accurate diagnosis, differential and laboratory diagnostics are used. During differential research methods, specialists exclude other diseases, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis.
The patient is constantly monitored to identify new symptoms of the disease.
Laboratory diagnostic methods include urine testing, general and biochemical analysis of the patient’s blood. With HFRS, fresh red blood cells are found in the patient’s urine, and the protein level is significantly reduced.
The level of urea and creatine in the blood increases, and the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells decreases. The concentration of fats in the blood serum increases and the level of albumin decreases.
The diagnosis of HFRS is confirmed by the detection of IgM and G class antibodies in the body. For this, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is used.
An important feature of the diagnosis of this disease is not the fact of the studies being carried out, but their frequency.
The patient must be under constant observation, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of changes that are observed in the test results throughout the course of the disease.
Instrumental diagnostic methods (x-rays, computed tomography and others) are carried out to determine the extent of damage to internal organs.
Video
Effective treatment of the disease
When a disease is detected, the patient is strictly advised to be hospitalized as quickly as possible. Due to the fact that the disease is not transmitted from person to person, treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is carried out in infectious diseases hospitals, surgical and therapeutic hospitals.
Transportation of a patient in the later stages of development is carried out with extreme caution, fearing hemorrhages and rupture of the kidneys.
The patient needs bed rest and diet. During the patient's stay in the hospital, preventive measures are taken to prevent complications.
Drug treatment of the disease includes taking antibacterial drugs. To save energy, glucose solutions with insulin are prescribed.
Curantil and aminophylline normalize microcirculation. Antipyretic and painkillers are used to relieve symptoms of the disease.
Features of the therapeutic diet
Recovery will require a strict diet. For patients with HFRS, diet No. 4 of 15 therapeutic nutrition systems developed by the Soviet doctor M.I. is recommended. Pevzner.
You need to eat often and in small portions. Food should be at medium temperature. Fermented products (cabbage, plums, sour cream, cheese) should be completely excluded from the diet.
Diet No. 4 is aimed at limiting the amount of fats and carbohydrates. Difficult to digest foods that increase gastric secretion are also excluded from it. 
These include:
- Fatty fish and meats;
- Smoked meats;
- Pickles;
- Sausages;
- Sauces;
- Canned food;
- Bakery;
- Dried fruits;
- Carbonated drinks;
- Sweets.
Dishes should not be hot or spicy.
Low-fat boiled meat and fish, low-fat cottage cheese, and wheat crackers are acceptable for consumption. From cereals you need oats, rice, buckwheat, semolina, jelly decoctions from these cereals are useful.
Raw fruits and vegetables are not allowed. Compotes, jelly, and jellies are prepared from fruits; vegetables are consumed in the form of purees.
Help from folk remedies
Effective treatment of the disease is impossible without medical assistance.
Self-medication of this disease leads to serious consequences and death. Before taking any folk remedy, you should consult your doctor.
Doctors advise taking various decoctions aimed at normalizing kidney function. In herbal medicine, many medicinal plants are known, the use of which has a diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect.
The most common decoctions used for HFRS disease:
- 1 teaspoon of flax seeds and 200 ml of water must be brought to a boil. You need to drink 100 ml of the decoction every 2 hours.
- 50 g of young birch leaves should be infused for 5 hours in 200 ml of warm water, take 100 ml 2 times a day.
- Add 2 tablespoons of lingonberry leaves to 200 ml of hot water. Infuse the decoction in a water bath for half an hour, you need to take 100 ml 2 times a day.
- Add 3 g of dry orthosiphon leaves (kidney tea) to a glass of boiling water and boil for another 5 minutes. The decoction is infused for 4 hours and drunk 100 ml before meals.
Herbal preparations are considered the most effective; they are already available in ready-made proportions in pharmacies.
Most of these teas use bearberry leaves; they can be brewed separately as tea.
Compositions of preparations with bearberry:
- Bearberry leaves, licorice root, cornflower inflorescences in proportions 3:1:1;
- Bearberry leaves, licorice root, juniper fruits in proportions 2:1:2;
- Bearberry leaves, orthosiphon leaves, lingonberry leaves in proportions 5:3:2.
A tablespoon of the mixture is brewed in a glass of water. You need to take half a glass of the decoction 3 times a day. To normalize the functioning of the cardiovascular system, use currant juice and a decoction of fragrant geranium roots.
Currant juice is taken 100 ml 3 times a day. Geranium roots (about 4 pieces) are poured into 1 liter of water and boiled for 20 minutes. You need to drink this decoction warm every 20 minutes.
The use of folk remedies is also possible to relieve symptoms of the disease. To lower body temperature, take baths with cool water (about 30 degrees) and drink decoctions of raspberries, honeysuckle and strawberries.
Possible complications of the disease
It has been proven that the most dangerous stage in terms of complications is the oligoanuric stage of the disease. The period lasts from 6 to 14 days of the disease.
Complications that hemorrhagic fever can cause can be specific and non-specific.
Various complications include:
- Infectious-toxic shock;
- DIC syndrome (disseminated vascular coagulation);
- Edema of the brain and lungs;
- Acute cardiovascular failure;
- Various hemorrhages (in the brain, adrenal glands and others) and bleeding;
- Kidney rupture.
Infectious-toxic shock is characterized by acute circulatory failure. The patient's blood pressure drops and internal organ failure develops.
This complication of the disease is the most common cause of death in HFRS.
With DIC syndrome, normal blood circulation in the patient’s body is disrupted. This leads to the development of serious dystrophic changes.
Hypocoagulation develops - the patient’s blood clotting ability decreases, thrombocytopenia - the level of platelets in the blood decreases. The patient experiences bleeding. 
Among non-specific complications, diseases include pyelonephritis, purulent otitis media, abscesses, and pneumonia. Complications from HFRS are dangerous and can often lead to death.
Patients who have had this disease develop lasting immunity to the virus. This statement is justified by the fact that no cases of re-infection were identified in patients who had HFRS.
Timely diagnosis of the disease is important, which will provide effective and qualified treatment.
Disease Prevention
In order to prevent hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, you must follow the rules of personal hygiene.
You need to thoroughly wash your hands and the fruits and vegetables you eat, and do not leave food accessible to rodents.
To protect your respiratory tract from dust that can cause infection, use a gauze bandage.
The main measures for general prevention of the disease is the destruction of the population of mouse-like rodents in the areas of HFRS.
It is necessary to ensure the improvement of areas adjacent to residential buildings, crowded places, food warehouses, and the like. Weeds and thickets should not be allowed to spread.
5 / 5 ( 6 votes)